The series of two fossil species belonging to the order Palaeodictyoptera from the Late Carboniferous of Kuznetsk Basin in Russia were re-examined. The two species as Tchirkovaea guttata and Paimbia fenestrata were investigated with emphasis on the wing growth and development in comparison with the structure of developing wings in recent mayflies. This fossil material of T. guttata and P. fenestrata was long considered by previous authors as undisputed evidence for a unique type of wing development in the Palaeozoic insects. The idea was that the larvae of these insects possessed the wings, which became articulated and fully movable already earlier during the postembryonic development and that these gradually growing wings changed their position from longitudinal to perpendicular to the body axis. Moreover, the development was supposed to include two or more subimaginal instars, implying that the fully winged instars moulted several times during postembryonic development. After detailed study of the available fossils and subsequent comparison of the fossil evidence with the development of wings in the recent mayfly Cloeon dipterum it was discovered, that the alleged series of immature, subimaginal and imaginal wings of T. guttata and P. fenestrata do not provide clear evidence that would support...

Biparental care in Hymenoptera is a little studied behaviour. This kind of parental care was discovered and the ethological aspect described in the bee Ceratina nigrolabiata from the Czech Republic and is well understood on the ethological level. However, biparental care is not a common behaviour and the lack of genomic studies of this behaviour complicates the understanding of the origin of the biparental care and its underlying pathways on the genomic and physiological level. This master's thesis presents the genome analyses of a biparental bee Ceratina nigrolabiata. It consists of a brief summary of the known parental behaviour across insects, characteristics of the genus Ceratina, summary of the used genomic methods and presents a candidate genes for the transcriptomic study of the biparental behaviour of Ceratina nigrolabiata. Key words: biparental care, genomics, Hymenoptera, Insecta, Ceratina, small carpenter bees

Since the early 1900s, efforts have been made to catalogue the stoneflies of Mongolia. Taxonomic work from 1960 to 1980 greatly expanded basic lists of stoneflies in Mongolia, but no comprehensive survey or synthesis of this dispersed literature has been completed. In conjunction with a modern survey of the aquatic insects of Mongolia, we collected Plecoptera on a series of expeditions to the Selenge (north) and Altai (west) regions of Mongolia. A total of 48 species distributed in 24 genera and 8 families were documented, including 3 of the 5 Mongolian endemics, 2 new species records for Mongolia, and 1 species new to science. The majority of the fauna are representative of the East Palearctic region. The 800+ species records were used to validate historical species lists, document species ranges with geo-referenced localities, and create various identification tools to be used by researchers and Mongolian natives with a broad range of taxonomic experience. These identification tools include a records database, genera-level key to nymphs, species diagnosis pages, species range and predicted Ecological Niche Modeling (ENM) maps, and a custom "Level of Expectedness" (LOE) report useful for determining an unbiased projected species list for local areas. These tools are primarily intended for use by Mongolian scientists, sampling teams, and community water quality monitoring groups, as well as general use by researchers interested in biogeography, ecology, and water quality applications of Mongolian Plecoptera. With this work, we hope to equip Mongolians with the scientific resources to protect their valuable and vulnerable water resources.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:35:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2004-02-27Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:24:07Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 loureiro_es_dr_botfca.pdf: 393758 bytes, checksum: fae8a4e1b680f21d3d03858c5c8608bf (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) / Com o objetivo de determinar a patogenicidade de diferentes isolados do fungo Metarhizium anisopliae sobre ninfas de Mahanarva fimbriolata foi testada, em laboratório, a patogenicidade de 79 isolados, provenientes de diferentes hospedeiros e regiões do país. Inicialmente, foi realizado um bioensaio para estabelecimento da concentração a ser utilizada nos experimentos de seleção, adotando-se, como padrão, o isolado IBCB 348 de M. anisopliae. Através da Análise de Probit, foi calculada a CL50 obtendo uma concentração de 1,2 x 108 conídios/mL, decorridos 4 dias da pulverização. As avaliações foram realizadas diariamente, observando-se os níveis de mortalidade acumulada (total, confirmada e corrigida) de cada tratamento. Os melhores isolados testados foram IBCB 348; IBCB 351; IBCB 363; IBCB 408; IBCB 410; IBCB 418; IBCB 425 e IBCB 482, os quais apresentaram uma eficiência igual ou superior a 70% de mortalidade confirmada, aos seis dias da pulverização. Os isolados IBCB 348; IBCB 408; IBCB 410 e IBCB 425 foram os que mais produziram conídios em arroz com 2,08 x 108, 1,75 x 108, 2,22 x 108 e 2,30 x 108 conídios/g de arroz pré-cozido, respectivamente, pelo método de bandeja. Foi pulverizado 2kg/ha de arroz+fungo, contendo 1,5 x 1012 conídios/ha, destacando-se os isolados IBCB 348 e IBCB 408 que causaram mortalidade, para ninfas de 100%, respectivamente, aos 15 dias da pulverização. Decorridos 30 dias da pulverização, os isolados IBCB 408 e IBCB 425 apresentaram eficiência de controle de 63 e 62%, respectivamente, para as ninfas e para os adultos foi de 100%, respectivamente. Aos 60 dias da aplicação, o isolado IBCB 425 foi o mais eficiente para controlar as ninfas (48,4%) e para os adultos de M. fimbriolata, os isolados não foram eficientes. Nas avaliações realizadas aos 90 e 120 dias, a população de cigarrinha manteve-se acima do nível de dano econômico... . / This work was carried out evaluate the pathogenicity of different isolates of the fungus Metarhizium anisopliae against nymphs of Mahanarva fimbriolata. The pathogenicity of 79 isolates, provenients from differents hosts and regions of the country, were tested in the laboratory. First, it was performed a bioassay to determine the concentration to be used in the selection experiments, the IBCB 348 isolate of M. anisopliae was used as standard. Evaluations were done daily, observing the levels of mortality (total, confirmed and corrected) of each treatment. The best isolates were IBCB 348; IBCB 351; IBCB 363; IBCB 408; IBCB 410; IBCB 418; IBCB 425 and IBCB 482, which showed an efficiency equal or higher than 70% six days after the pulverization. The isolates IBCB 348; IBCB 408; IBCB 410 and IBCB 425 produced the largest number of conidia with 2,08 x 108; 1,75 x 108; 2,22 x 108 and 2,30 x 108 conidia/g of rice, respectively by the tray method. Was pulverized 2kg/ha de rice+fungus, with 1,5 x 1012 conidia/ha, showing off the isolates IBCB 348 and IBCB 408 that caused a mortality for nymphs of 100%, respectively, 15 days after the pulverization. After 30 days of the pulverization, the isolates IBCB 408 and IBCB 425 showed control efficiency of 63 and 62%, respectively, for the nymphs and for adults the efficiency was 100%, respectively. Sixty day after the application, the isolate IBCB 425 were the most efficients for control nymphs (48%) and for adults of M. fimbriolata the isolates weren't efficients. In the evaluation realized at 90 and 120 days, the speatlebug population was kept above the economic threshold level. The efficiency of the isolates was null for adults and for nymphs, the isolate IBCB 408 showed efficiency of 31%, after ninety days of the pulverization. At 120 days, the efficiency of the isolates was null for nymphs and for adults the maxim efficiency (63%) was... (Complete abstract, click electronic address below).

4 ABSTRACT The aim of the diploma thesis is a professional analysis of characters from the book The Book of Ferda the Ant by Ondřej Sekora. The second goal is to create worksheets and activity proposals, usable in science lessons. Methodological manuals are also included. KEYWORDS insects (Insecta), communication types, Ondřej Sekora, worksheets for teaching entomology, activities for teaching entomology, key competencies, methods of active teaching

The extinct insect group of Palaeodictyopteroida (Insecta: Palaeoptera) comprised mainly phytophagous species and occurred from Upper Carboniferous to Upper Permian. Megasecoptera is one of several orders of belonging to this group. Although, the order Megasecoptera comprised over 20 described families, morphology of some body structures are insufficiently studied. The present thesis deals with evaluation of new material comprising the extensive set of 76 fossil insect specimens from the Upper Carboniferous (Bashkirian) of northern China. The fossils having excellent state of preservation of the wings and other body structures provide new insights concerning the external morphology of Megasecoptera. All studied specimens were attributed based on wing venation pattern into two known megasecopteran genera within families Brodiopteridae and Sphecopteridae. The aim of the present thesis is examine the morphology and variability of wing venation of two newly proposed species Brodioptera sp. n. and Cyclocelis sp. n. from site in northern China. In addition the following methods of geometric morphometrics based on landmarks were used for comparison of venational characters: a comparison of centroid size, procrustes analysis, principal component analysis and thin plate spline. Variability of wing venation...

Avaliou-se a bioatividade de derivados do nim (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.) como componente de isca para adultos e como regulador de crescimento de Ceratitis capitata (Wied.) e Anastrepha fraterculus (Wied.), determinando-se, ainda, o efeito de concentrações subletais de extratos de nim e o efeito deterrente de oviposição do extrato metanólico de folhas sobre C. capitata. Utilizando o extrato aquoso de amêndoas de nim, estimou-se a CL50 para adultos e imaturos, cujos valores foram 7.522 e 1.368 ppm para os adultos e 13.028 e 9.390 ppm para os imaturos de A. fraterculus e C. capitata, respectivamente. Subsequentemente, o óleo de amêndoas, os extratos de folhas, de ramos e de amêndoas de nim em diferentes solventes (água, metanol, diclorometano e hexano) foram comparados com base nas CL50 obtidas para adultos e para imaturos. Posteriormente, foram estimadas concentrações subletais (CL15 = 39 ppm, CL30 = 225 ppm e CL45 = 888 ppm) do extrato aquoso de amêndoas para adultos de C. capitata e avaliouse nessas concentrações o efeito do extrato aquoso de amêndoas, de folhas em metanol e de ramos em diclorometano sobre a reprodução e a longevidade dessa espécie. A deterrência de oviposição do extrato metanólico de folhas de nim em diferentes concentrações (10.000, 18.000, 32.000 e 56.000 ppm) para C. capitata foi avaliada tratando bagas de uva, que foram expostas às fêmeas com chance e sem chance de escolha. Verificou-se que os derivados do nim na concentração de até 7.522 e 1.368 ppm não afetaram os adultos de A. fraterculus e C. capitata, respectivamente. Já para a fase imatura, os extratos de amêndoas e de ramos em diclorometano na concentração de 13.028 ppm causaram mortalidade de A. fraterculus e na concentração de 9.390 ppm o extrato de amêndoas em metanol e em diclorometano causaram mortalidade de C. capitata. Houve redução da fecundidade total e da fertilidade no 8º dia quando os insetos foram alimentados com extrato de ramos em diclorometano a 888 ppm. A longevidade de machos e fêmeas e o período de pré-oviposição não foram afetados pelos tratamentos. O extrato de folhas em metanol provocou deterrência de oviposição para C. capitata em situação de chance de escolha, porém, em confinamento, o referido extrato não afetou o comportamento dessa espécie. A experiência recente de C. capitata não alterou a sua resposta em relação a bagas de uva tratadas. A atividade biológica dos derivados do nim em relação às moscas-das-frutas é discutida. / The bioactivity of neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.) as adult bait and as larval growth regulator for Ceratitis capitata (Wied.) and Anastrepha fraterculus (Wied.) was evaluated. Besides, the effect of sublethal concentrations of neem extracts and the oviposition deterrency of the methanolic extract from leaves on C. capitata was evaluated. The estimated LC50 of aqueous extract from seed kernels were 7,522 and 1,368 ppm for adults and 13,028 and 9,390 ppm for immatures of A. fraterculus and C. capitata, respectively. In addition, the oil from seed kernels and the extracts from leaves, branches and seed kernels in different solvents (water, methanol, dichloromethane and hexane) were compared based on the LC50 obtained for adults and immatures. After that, sublethal concentrations from aqueous extract from neem seed kernels for C. capitata adults were estimated (LC15 = 39 ppm, LC30 = 225 ppm and LC45 = 888 ppm) and the effects of such concentrations on the reproduction and logenvity of this species were also accessed. Oviposition deterrency of C. capitata to grapes treated with leaf methanolic extract at different concentrations (10,000; 18,000; 32,000 and 56,000 ppm) was evaluated in free-choice or no-choice test. It was verified that the neem extracts on the concentrations up to 7,522 and to 1,368 ppm did not affect the adults of A. fraterculus and C. capitata, respectively. On the other hand, the extract from seed kernels and branches in dichloromethane at 13,028 ppm provoked mortality in A. fraterculus larvae and the seed kernel extract in methanol and dichloromethane at 9,390 ppm provoked high mortality in C. capitata larvae. The total fecundity was reduced significantly and the fertility decreased on the 8th day when the insects were fed on branch extract in dichloromethane at 888 ppm. The longevity of males and females and the pre-oviposition period were not affected by treatments. The leaf extract in methanol provoked oviposition deterrency for C. capitata in free-choice test, but did not affect its behavior in no-choice test. The C. capitatas early experience did not affect its answer to the grapes treated in free-choice and no-choice situations. The biological activity of the neem extracts to fruit flies is discussed.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / A field population survey of Ochetina uniformis (Pascoe, 1881) (Coleoptera: Erirhinidae, Erirhininae) was performed at Santa Maria, RS, in a flooded rice commercial field, between quarterly June 2005 to July 2006 (rice was grown between October 2005 to March 2006). A stratified sampling was used approach; quarterly 90 randomized samples were taken in plots measuring 0.25 x 0.25 m, with total of 24 samples during the survey period. There was a reduction in the population of O. uniformis starting from July 2005 to January 2006. Soil tillage affected the population of O. uniformis in the rice field, and did not affected the population on the hibernation areas. Some areas showed no insects and another showed a few number of individuals, indicting grouping behavior. Adults of O. uniformis, are concentrated in the levees, representing 44% of the total number os insects. The population reduced between the levees to the middle of the field, with averaging 14% inside the field. From January to February, a reduced number of adults were verified in the levee. Outside the cultivated area there were no adults of O. uniformis during the 12 months survey period. In this study high populations of O. uniformis, were concentrated in the levees of the field for a period of six months, from July to December of 2005. It was observed a large number of dead adult of O. uniformis infected by Beauveria bassiana. / Um levantamento populacional de Ochetina uniformis (Pascoe, 1881) (Coleoptera: Erirhinidae) foi realizado no município de Santa Maria, RS, em lavoura comercial de arroz irrigado, no período de junho de 2005 a julho de 2006. Um sistema de amostragem, estratificado foi realizado, onde 90 unidades amostrais, cada uma com dimensão de 25 x 25 cm, ou 0,625 m2/ unidade, foram retiradas quinzenalmente, no momento da amostragem. Foram feitas 24 amostragens da fase adulta. Houve uma redução da população de O. uniformis a partir do mês de julho de 2005 a janeiro de 2006. O preparo do solo interfere na população de espécimens de O. uniformis, principalmente no interior da área cultivada. Em algumas coletas verificou-se áreas desocupadas ou com poucos exemplares e outras com altas densidades populacionais, demonstrando ocorrência agregada entre os insetos. Pode-se afirmar que os adultos de O. uniformis, permanecem concentrados nas bordas da lavoura (taipas), representando 44% do total coletado. O restante encontra-se distribuídos da borda da lavoura para o interior, atingindo valores entre 12,9 e 15,1%. Nos meses de janeiro e final de fevereiro, verificou-se um número reduzido de adultos no refúgio. A ocorrência de adultos de O. uniformis, no exterior da área cultivada, foi inexistente durante os 12 meses de avaliação. No presente trabalho, altas populações de O. uniformis, permanecem concentradas nas bordas da lavoura por um período de seis meses, ou seja, de julho a dezembro de 2005. Houve um elevado número de adultos de O. uniformis, mortos e infectados por Beauveria bassiana.

Resumo: Entre os insetos pragas que mais preocupam os citricultores no estado do Pará, a mosca-negra-dos-citros, Aleurocanthus woglumi destaca-se por acarretar danos diretos e indiretos ás plantas cítricas, além de constituir praga quarentenária presente ou A2 de alerta máximo, restringindo o comércio com outras regiões. Por ser uma praga exótica, recém introduzida, faltam conhecimentos básicos para a implementação de um manejo adequado na região amazônica. Desse modo, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar a dinâmica populacional de mosca-negra-dos-citros em pomares de citros em sistema de plantio agroflorestal e monocultura, utilizando a metodologia geoestatística. A área experimental está localizada no município de Capitão Poço onde foram realizadas 12 amostragens durante o período de setembro de 2008 a outubro de 2009, avaliando a presença ou ausência da praga nas laranjeiras em ambos os sistemas de produção. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que o sistema de plantio agroflorestal apresentou maior incidência de plantas com presença de mosca-negra-dos-citros comparado ao sistema de plantio de citros em monocultura, houve influência da temperatura na regulação da população da praga e precipitações elevadas reduziram o número de plantas com presença de A. woglumi. Observou-se que a distribuição espacial da mosca negra dá-se, predominantemente, em agrupamentos com dependência espacial descrita pelo modelo esférico, formando reboleiras de 8,5 a 34m (alcance do modelo) para ambos os sistemas de plantio adotados / Abstract: Among the insect pests of most concern to citrus growers in the state of Pará (Brazil), the citrus blackfly, Aleurocanthus woglumi stands to cause direct or indirect damage to citrus plants, besides being a pest is present or A2 of this alert, restricting trade with other regions. Being an exotic pest, recently introduced, it lacks basic knowledge for the implementation of appropriate management in the Amazon region. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the population dynamics of blackfly in a citrus orchards from an agroforestry and monoculture plantations, using geostatistical methodology. The experimental area is located in the municipality of Capitão Poço where 12 samples were taken during the period September 2008 to October 2009, evaluating the presence or absence of the pest in orange in both production systems. The results showed that the system of agroforestry plantation had a higher incidence of plants with the presence of citrus blackfly compared with monoculture planting citrus crop, there was influence of temperature on the regulation of pest population and heavy rain reduced the number of plants with presence of A. woglumi. It was observed that the spatial distribution of the blackfly takes place predominantly in clusters with spatial dependence described by the spherical model, forming foci of 8.5 to 34m (range model) for both planting systems adopted / Orientador: Arlindo Leal Boiça Junior / Coorientador: Paulo Roberto Silva Farias / Banca: José Carlos Barbosa / Banca: José Roberto Scarpellini / Mestre

Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T14:52:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Gislene Auxiliadora Ferreira.pdf: 1247092 bytes, checksum: d6ca686288db8dd22a383d923c552eb8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-09-21 / The Brazilian Savannah is rich in biodiversity and possess high number of fruitful species with potential of use for human consumption. The pequizeiro is a native species of the Savannah with economic and cultural importance for Midle-Western Brazil, needing, however, techniques that make possible the implantation of orchards, its conduction and the harvest of fruits, aiming at to reduce the pressure on the natural environment, as well as the maintenance of the regional culture. The present work considers to characterize the production of pequizeiros of natural occurrence in fifteen dispersed populations in five regions of the State of Goiás; to study the occurrence, behavior and bioecology of entomofauna present in the plants of the pequizeiro in sixteen populations of pequizeiro of the State of Goiás; e to evaluate the occurrence of Eunica bechina in fourteen locations of this State with raised natural occurrence of pequizeiros and its potential of plague. The criterion of election of the populations considered the biggest space dispersion of these, the bigger production of fruits, and the relative nucleation of the trees of pequizeiro in each population. The studied pequizeiros had presented averages: production (132,28 fruits/plant), diameter in the base (0,40 m), diameter in the height of the chest (0,35 m), total height (7,64 m), height of the pantry to the ground (2,97 m), projection of the area of the pantry (83,34 m2), with 1,58 average frutos.m-2 of projection of the area of the pantry in the ground. Promising plants for future programs of improvement of the pequizeiro exist. The production of the pequizeiro is irregular in the State of Goiás between harvests, plants and population, being considered on average low. There is one raised group of organisms interacting with the pequizeiro , being distinguished the insects that can contributed for the production. The species gotten with the percentages of occurrence in the different populations belonged to the orders, respectively: Hemiptera (25.64%), Coleoptera (17.95%), Lepidoptera (16.67%), Hymenoptera (15.39%), Díptera (11.54%), Orthoptera (6.41%), Neuroptera (2.56%), Isoptera (1.28%), Thysanoptera (1.28%), Psicoptera (1.28%). The joined species in the sixteen pequizeiro populations had more frequently been: Eulechriops sp. (100%), Atta laevigatta (93.75%), Eunica bechina (93.75%), Lyriomisia sp. (93.75%), Edessa rufomarginata (100%) and Rhodoneura intermedia (100%), Phydotricha erigens (81.75%). The species T. tibiali, A laevigatta, R. intermedia, Carmenta sp., E. rufomarginata and E. bechina can be considered potential plagues of the pequizeiro in the Savannah of the State of Goiás. It is needed more studies on the contribution of the fauna, illnesses, the one grass-of-bird and of the insolation in the production of the pequizeiro . It is necessary the establishment of sustainable measures of handling for the extractive and the plantation, conduction and production of fruits of the pequizeiro . / O Cerrado brasileiro é rico em biodiveridade e possui elevado número de espécies frutíferas com potencial de utilização para consumo humano, o pequizeiro é uma espécie nativa do Cerrado com importância econômica e cultural para o Brasil Central, necessitando, no entanto, de técnicas que viabilizem a implantação de pomares, sua condução e a colheita de frutos, visando reduzir a pressão sobre o ambiente natural, assim como a manutenção da cultura regional. O presente trabalho propõe caracterizar a produção de pequizeiros de ocorrência natural em quinze populações dispersas em cinco regiões do estado de Goiás; estudar a ocorrência, comportamento e bioecologia da entomofauna presente nas plantas do pequizeiro em dezesseis populações de pequizeiro do estado de Goiás; e avaliar a ocorrência de Eunica bechina em quatorze municípios deste Estado com elevada ocorrência natural de pequizeiros e seu potencial de praga. O critério de seleção das populações considerou a maior dispersão espacial destas, a produção de frutos, plantas maiores e a relativa nucleação das árvores de pequizeiro em cada população. Os pequizeiros estudados apresentaram médias: produção (132,28 frutos/planta), diâmetro na altura da base (0,40 m), diâmetro na altura do peito (0,35m), altura total (7,64 m), altura da copa ao solo (2,97 m), projeção da área da copa (83,34 m2), com média de 1,58 frutos/m2 de projeção da área da copa no solo. Existem plantas promissoras para futuros programas de melhoramento do pequizeiro. A produção do pequizeiro no estado de Goiás e irregular entre safras, plantas e população, sendo considerada em média baixa. Há um elevado grupo de organismos interagindo com o pequizeiro, destacando-se os insetos, que podem contribuir para produção. As espécies obtidas com as porcentagens de ocorrência nas diferentes populações pertenciam às ordens, respectivamente: Hemiptera (25,64%), Coleoptera (17,95%), Lepidoptera (16,67%), Hymenoptera (15,39%), Díptera (11,54%), Orthoptera (6,41%), Neuroptera (2,56%), Isoptera (1,28%), Thysanoptera (1,28%), Psicoptera (1,28%). As espécies encontradas com maior freqüência nas dezesseis populações de pequizeiro foram: Eulechriops sp. (100%), Atta laevigatta (93,75%), Eunica bechina (93,75%), Lyriomisia sp. (93,75%), Edessa rufomarginata (100%) e Rhodoneura intermedia (100%), Phydotricha erigens (81,75%). As espécies Thagona tibiali, A. laevigatta, R. intermédia, Carmenta sp. E. rufomarginata e E. bechina podem ser consideradas potenciais pragas do pequizeiro nos Cerrados do Estado de Goiás Necessitase de mais estudos sobre a contribuição da fauna, de doenças, da erva-de-passarinho e da insolação na produção do pequizeiro. É necessário o estabelecimento de medidas de manejo sustentáveis para o extrativismo e o plantio, condução e produção de frutos do pequizeiro.