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The aim of this thesis is to examine the meanings and functions of paradox in the late Renaissance. My understanding of Renaissance paradox, in contrast to that of most critics and historians, rests entirely on contemporary definitions of the term, rather than on its present-day meaning. Paradoxes as they are envisaged in this study begin to appear in the wake of the humanist rediscovery and dissemination of Cicero's <i>Paradoxa Stoicorum</i>. In this work, paradoxes are characterized as 'admirabilia contraque opinionem omnium', a definition that draws attention to two important traits of paradox, repeatedly invoked in the Renaissance: its association with wonder, and its opposition to common opinion. This thesis examines the history of classical paradox as it was revived, expanded beyond the narrow confines of Stoic ethics, and adapted to new purposes so successfully that it became a recognisable genre of polemical writing, with hundreds of works in Latin and the vernacular being described as paradoxes. Previous studies of Renaissance paradox have centred almost exclusively on its literary and vernacular manifestations, and on the paradoxical encomium in particular. My own work charts the rise to prominence and the ensuing transformations of paradox in a range of disciplines: rhetoric and ethics, theology, law, medicine, and natural philosophy. I compare the different associations that paradoxes acquire in all these areas, and the argumentative strategies that they deploy. My analysis of specific examples of paradox is informed by the methods of both literary analysis and intellectual history. Paradoxes, I argue, offered their authors the possibility of departing from established norms and of voicing novel views in a period of intellectual unrest. In their challenge to received and common opinion, they paved the way for more radical ideas in the following century, and they have much to tell us about dissident ways of thinking in the late Renaissance.

Call number: LD2668 .T4 1966 P499 / Master of Science

The thrust of this work is to study Israelite pre-exilic writing of religious literature. The beginning of literacy is considered from an archaeological perspective; especially, in the pre-exilic Israelite community. The study of scribes and their services assist in the quest for understanding pre-exilic religious writing in Israel. The Bible attests to pre-exilic religious writing despite the often inferred ‘anachronism.’ The issue of post-exilic composition of all Old Testament books is a matter of debate as opposed to pre-exilic writing of some religious sources which is a matter that can be historically verified. / Biblical & Ancient Studies / M.A. (Biblical Archeology)

This thesis examines the uses of Anglo-Saxon manuscripts in the 150 years immediately following the Norman Conquest. By focusing on the most common types of use evident in the manuscripts, it explores how readers actually interacted with books. It also treats manuscripts as cultural artefacts through which it is possible to observe the literary and social consequences of the Conquest. The Introduction summarises our current understanding of the literary culture of this transitional period. Chapter II, ‘Destruction and Conservation’, examines claims that Norman elites destroyed Anglo-Saxon manuscripts; finding these claims unjustified, it investigates the circumstances in which manuscripts were lost and identifies how readers evaluated the contents of pre-Conquest books. Chapter III, ‘The Movement of Pre-Conquest Manuscripts’, looks at the consequent loan, exchange and sale of pre-Conquest manuscripts after 1066. Chapter IV, ‘Updating Pre-Conquest Manuscripts’, discusses difficulties which Norman readers encountered with pre-Conquest books, including script, abbreviation, orthography and textual redaction, and examines how these technical features could be modernised. It also investigates more practical modernisations to liturgical books, chronicles and cartularies. Chapter V, ‘Glossing and Annotating’, concerns readers’ reactions to the texts found in pre-Conquest manuscripts, particularly vernacular homilies and translations. It argues that the post-Conquest classroom was essentially trilingual, though Latin became the lingua franca. Chapter VI, ‘Record-Keeping in Pre-Conquest Manuscripts’, explores the use of pre-Conquest manuscripts – copies of the gospels, liturgical books and patristic texts – as repositories for records. Chapter VII, ‘The Veneration of Pre-Conquest Manuscripts’, continues this exploration of the symbolic capital of pre-Conquest books by examining how Norman churchmen supported the veneration of particular manuscripts as secondary relics, and introduced new traditions regarding other books. The Conclusion refocuses the findings of this thesis on two key issues: early medieval reading practices and English literature between 1066 and 1200.

This thesis is a study of the Chinese diaspora in Singapore from 1819 to the 1950s. It begins by situating the diasporic subject in a historical context, highlighting some of the key moments in the diaspora's development, such as the advent of colonialism during the nineteenth century, and the formation of an ethnic enclave in the settlement. The discussion then calls into question the construction of the Chinese subject in colonial discourses, and interrogates the ways in which the diasporic population was constituted within the framework of colonialism. The main purpose has been to examine how the diaspora in Singapore has evolved, and to explore the adequacies, or inadequacies, of existing diasporic theories in the ways they relate to the Chinese experience. This is achieved by recapitulating the theoretical implications of existing diaspora frameworks, and questioning the tensions and limitations generated by such discourses. Simultaneously, this study takes into consideration the construction of a &quot;Chinese identity&quot;, and does so by presenting possible ways of conceptualisng what it means to be &quot;Chinese&quot; for subjects of the diaspora. In discussing the extent to which the subject's sense of &quot;self&quot; and belonging has been shaped by its immigrant past, this research draws on and studies the writings, both literary and non-literary, that have emerged from the community. A central concern in all this is the identity and subjectivity of the diasporic subject, and the point here is that not every subject experiences diaspora in the same way, but that these alterities are important in the constitution and formation of a Chinese identity. As I note in the introduction, the issue of what it means to be Chinese, and indeed, the issue of home and belonging, is one that is always contested for people in the diasporic community, and the aim of this thesis has been to continually deconstruct the idea of a &quot;single&quot; Chinese diaspora, and to expose it as a heterogeneous, fragmented, and internally differentiated construction.

The present study investigates the failure of the Enlightenment to liberate Englishwomen from the prejudices society and law imposed upon them. Classifying social classes by lifestyle, the roles of noble, middleclass, and criminal women, as well as the attitudes of contemporary writers of both sexes, are analyzed. This investigation concludes that social mores limited noblewomen to ornamental roles and condemned them to exist in luxurious boredom; forced middle-class women to emulate shining domestic images which contrasted sharply with the reality of their lives; subjected women of desperate circumstances to a criminal code rendered erratic and inconsistent by contemporary attitudes, and impelled the Enlightenment to invent new defenses for old attitudes toward women.

Studies of eighteenth-century French musical aesthetics have traditionally focused on questions of taste treated in the critical literature of the day. During the first half of the century, however, certain French writers were dealing with aesthetics in the stricter sense of the word, proposing theories of beauty that suited existing philosophical values. The treatises in which these ideas were set forth--Jean-Pierre de Crousaz' Traité du beau, Jean-Baptiste DuBos' Réflexions critiques sur la poësie et sur la peinture, Yves-Marie André's Essai sur le beau, and Charles Batteux' Les Beaux arts réduits à un même principe--are among the first learned writings to present the musical experience in something other than a mathematical or pedagogical light. This study investigates not only the role music played in these theories of beauty, but also the methodological problems inherent in translating this data into historical information.

A descrição de alguns aspectos da vida intelectual de Luís da Câmara Cascudo visa contribuir para análise sociológica de aspectos culturais da sociedade. O autor produziu escrito nas áreas de história, biografia, memorialística e folclore. Com a produção intelectual folclórica se colocou no mercado editorial brasileiro em formação. Procurou-se concentrar análises em alguns documentos culturais relacionados à perspectiva intelectual de Cascudo. Produzidos pelo próprio ou sobre ele. Detalhando características desses documentos bem específicos, tentou-se ver neles alguns elementos das estruturas sociais. Essas produções intelectuais, apesar de diferentes, encerraram no autor uma perspectiva comum de fundo. Tomando alguns pontos específicos das realizações do autor, procurou-se contribuir para as questões culturais que envolvem a intelectualidade brasileira no século XX. / A description of some aspects of the intellectual life of Luís da Câmara Cascudo aims to contribute to sociological analysis of cultural aspects of society. The author has produced writing in the areas of history, biography, memoirs and folklore. With the intellectual folk stood in the Brazilian publishing market in the making. We tried to focus analysis on some documents related to the intellectual culture of Cascudo. Produced by himself or on it. Detailing very specific characteristics of these documents, we tried to see in them some elements of social structures. These intellectual products, although different, the author ended a shared background. Taking some specific achievements of the author, sought to contribute to cultural issues involving Brazilian intellectuals in the twentieth century.

Au-Yeung Chi-ying. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2000. / Includqes bibliographical references (leaves 143-161). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Chapter CHAPTER 1 --- INTRODUCTION / The Issue --- p.1 / The Case of Sun Ben wen --- p.10 / Chapter CHAPTER 2 --- CULTURE AND SOCIAL CHANGE / Chapter 2.1 --- Introduction --- p.19 / Chapter 2.2 --- Cultural Environment and Social Life --- p.20 / Chapter 2.3 --- Social Change As Cultural Change --- p.24 / Chapter 2.4 --- Culture and Social Change in Modern China --- p.28 / Chapter 2.5 --- Social Progress: Towards a Modern Society --- p.33 / Chapter 2.6 --- Social Reconstruction: Man Made Social Changes --- p.38 / Chapter 2.7 --- Conclusion --- p.39 / Chapter CHAPTER 3 --- SOLVING SOCIAL PROBLEMS IN MODERN CHINA: CULTURE AND POLITICS / Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.41 / Chapter 3.2 --- Defining Social Problems --- p.43 / Chapter 3.3 --- Cultural Maladjustment: The Cause of Social Problems in Modern China --- p.44 / Chapter 3.4 --- Rural Problem: A Cultural Problem --- p.50 / Economic Problems / Educational Problems / Problems of Public Health / Problems of Collective Organizational Forms / Chapter 3.5 --- Rural Problem: A Political Problem --- p.59 / Chapter 3.6 --- Conclusion --- p.62 / Chapter CHAPTER 4 --- "SOCIOLOGISTS AND THE STATE: THE CASE OF THE SOCIOLOGY DEPARTMENT, NATIONAL CENTRAL UNIVERSITY" / Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction --- p.64 / Chapter 4.2 --- "Establishment of the Sociology Department, 1928 " --- p.65 / Chapter 4.3 --- Closures of the Sociology Department in the 1930s --- p.73 / The 1932 Crisis / The 1936 Crisis / Chapter 4.4 --- "The Ministry of Society and the Re-opening of the Sociology Department, 1941 " --- p.82 / Chapter 4.5 --- Conclusion --- p.89 / Chapter CHAPTER 5 --- LIMITED ACHIEVEMENTS OF THE ACADEMIC SOCIOLOGISTS IN REPUBLICAN CHINA / Chapter 5.1 --- Introduction --- p.92 / Chapter 5.2 --- Sun Benwen's Cultural Eclecticism --- p.93 / Liang Shuming's Cultural Conservatism / Chen Xujing's Wholesale Westernization / Sun Benwen's Cultural Eclecticism / Chapter 5.3 --- Academic Sociologists in the Chinese Sociological Society --- p.103 / The Liberal Independent Critic Group / The Chinese Sociological Society / Chapter 5.4 --- Limited Achievements of the Sociology Department --- p.115 / Chapter 5.5 --- Conclusion --- p.125 / Chapter CHAPTER 6 --- CONCLUSION / Problems of the Nationalist Government --- p.127 / Limitations of the Academic Sociologists --- p.135 / SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY --- p.143 / GLOSSARY --- p.162