<p>The aim of this study is to find out what effects the omission of intensifiers, interjections and fillers has on the general English subtitle track in the TV-series “The Wire”. Questions addressed in the study include the possible reasons for such omissions, and the consequences of applying omission strategies in this context. Thirteen episodes of the series were investigated in order to see to what extent these three types of words were omitted, and how that affected the experience when watching the series. The investigation showed that the majority of all omitted words in the subtitle track belonged to these three categories, and that technical restrictions were the most common reason for the omissions. Arguably, the lack of intensifiers, interjections and fillers made the language more stiff and formal, which in the end affected the authenticity of “The Wire”.</p>

The aim of this study is to find out what effects the omission of intensifiers, interjections and fillers has on the general English subtitle track in the TV-series “The Wire”. Questions addressed in the study include the possible reasons for such omissions, and the consequences of applying omission strategies in this context. Thirteen episodes of the series were investigated in order to see to what extent these three types of words were omitted, and how that affected the experience when watching the series. The investigation showed that the majority of all omitted words in the subtitle track belonged to these three categories, and that technical restrictions were the most common reason for the omissions. Arguably, the lack of intensifiers, interjections and fillers made the language more stiff and formal, which in the end affected the authenticity of “The Wire”.

The purpose of this thesis is to study how Malaysia Airlines communicated during the two largest crises of 2014. Key questions to be answered are: Did organizational hypocrisy occur? If yes, in what way? Which communication strategies were used? Did the company mediate an unequivocal message and how was the information framed? Did any aggravating factors, which worsened the organization’s reputation, appear? How did Malaysia Airlines manage possible rumours? Was the word contact used as a keyword?   The method of choice is a quantitative content analysis and the material consists of 20 different analysis units. These analysis units were collected from social media and Malaysia Airlines website. The quantitative content analysis is based on the theory Situational Crisis Communication Theory, taken from PR, Strategy and Application, Managing Influence, by W. Timothy Coombs &amp; Sherry J. Holladay. The main results displayed that Malaysia Airlines acted fast and instantly communicated with stakeholders. Short messages filled with information were dominating and social media was frequently used. The first crisis acted as an intensifier  to the second one and Malaysia Airlines’ reputation took a bad turn. Different messages were conveyed, something that could have been avoided by using only one spokesperson. The communication strategy used was a deny strategy. The organization denied having any responsibility in the crises and tried to pinpoint a scapegoat. Rumours were either completely ignored or disproved by substantial facts. Malaysia Airlines also compensated relatives, provided information and care for the concerned, as mentioned in the SCCT’s recommendations.

Master of Arts / Department of Modern Languages / Mary T. Copple / Adjective use and intensification by native speakers of English has been the subject of much study, yet intensification strategies used by non-native speakers have received relatively less attention. The present study compares adjective use by five native English speakers with that of five English L2 speakers at Kansas State University in order to describe in detail how learner patterns of use differ from those of native speakers living in the same community. From conversational data, adjectives were extracted and analyzed for linguistic features such as adjective class, and use of intensification. Results quantify how the non-native speakers have access to a smaller set of adjectives than native speakers, and how those sets differ. Interestingly, the L2 speakers intensify their adjectives at a higher rate than native speakers, again employing a smaller set. The types of adjectives used by the two groups differed in significant ways, with native speakers using more precise, contextually-specific evaluative adjectives such as crappy, elite, retarded, and obsessed, while non-native speakers used more generic adjectives such as happy, nice, long, and famous. The generalized nature of these adjectives, as well as the smaller number of lexemes at the non-native speakers’ disposal, may account for the increased rate of intensification shown by the non-native speakers. Specifically, the depth and complexity of meaning required for conversational interaction is more often handled by native speakers via a variety of specialized adjectives, while non-native speakers must rely more on adjective intensification in order to convey subtle differences in meaning. These results help us better understand how advanced learner language compares to native use. Implications for English language teaching include, but are not limited to, new insight into the types of adjectives taught for conversational English, explicit teaching of intensification strategies, and teaching learners how to construct compound adjectives.

Ce travail de thèse, effectué en collaboration avec la société PHOTONIS, un des leaders mondiaux dans la conception de tubes intensificateur de lumière, et l'Institut d'Électronique du Sud de l'Université de Montpellier, a pour but l'optimisation des photocathodes de 3e génération à base d'(In)GaAs pour lunettes de vision nocturne. Après avoir décrit le principe d'un tube intensificateur de lumière et présenté les performances atteintes par ces différentes générations de dispositifs, le cas plus spécifique de la photocathode est abordé. Par la simulation des performances, deux structures photocathodes sont proposées. L'une pour la détection des faibles niveaux de lumière résiduelle dans le visible, l'autre pour l'extension de la réponse spectrale vers le domaine du proche infrarouge (λ=1,06µm). Le processus technologique pour la fabrication de photocathodes de hautes performances est décrit étape par étape puis les caractérisations électro-optiques, associées aux composants réalisés, sont présentées. Les résultats obtenus montrent des performances en termes de réponse spectrale qui dépassent régulièrement les 1600µA/lm. / This thesis reports on the optimization of 3rd generation photocathode based on (In)GaAs materialfor night vision google. It is realized in collaboration between the PHOTONIS Company, one of the world leaders in conception of image intensifier and the Institut d'Électronique du Sud from Montpellier University. After a description of an image intensifier operation and a presentation of the state of the art of the image intensifier devices, the more specific case of the photocathode is described. Two photocathodes structures are deduced from simulation of performances, one for detection of low levels of visible residual light and the other for infrared extension of spectral response (λ=1.06µm). The different steps of the technological process for the manufacturing of high efficiencies photocathodes are described and the electro-optical characterizations made are presented. The results show performances as hight as 1600$µA/lm.

In the context of organizational development, surveys are important tools for learning about employees’ experiences in the organization. Organizational practice is faced with two main challenges to the successful implementation of surveys. First, the increasing use of surveys may lead to survey fatigue potentially negatively impacting employees’ motivation to engage in surveys. Second, survey results serve as a basis for strategic decision-making in organizations and thus need to be adequate for linkage research or benchmarking practices. The presented research aims to address these two challenges by taking a respondent-centered approach focusing on motivational and cognitive aspects of employees’ experiences while taking surveys. First, it introduces the new construct of survey experience as a respondent- centered criterion of successful survey design (Paper 1). A short-scale is theoretically developed based on user experience theory (Hassenzahl, Platz, Burmester, & Lehner, 2000) and empirically tested and validated in two studies. It, therefore, contributes to the understanding of survey design influences on participant’s motivational processes of survey response. Additionally, the short-scale equips practitioners with a reliable and economic lever to counter possible effects of survey fatigue by creating enjoyable and usable surveys tailored to specific target groups. Second, the presented research addresses cognitive and motivational aspects of survey processing and potential implications for the comparability of results. It, specifically, examines item-wording effects on response behavior on the example of intensifiers in Likert-type item stems of employee attitude surveys (Papers 2 and 3). It, further, considers the role of the organizational setting in determining employees’ response behavior (Krosnick, 1991) in the response process (Tourangeau & Rasinski, 1988) of employee attitude surveys (Paper 3). It, thereby, contributes to the understanding of employees’ response processes in this particular setting and provides practical advice for item-wording practices in organizations. Overall, the three papers bridge the previous literature by considering the survey itself, participants’ motivational and cognitive processes of survey response, and the survey setting in the context of employee attitude surveys together. The results of the presented research highlight the need for a contextual approach to researching and designing surveys that considers interactions between the survey, the participants, and the setting. It, thereby, contributes starting points to enable a more sophisticated approach to understanding survey response in employee attitude surveys.

The task for this master thesis was to create a specification for a second prototype of Scandilumen´s handheld gated night vision system. Current prototype is analogue and is to be upgraded with a digital interface. The specification was to contain information about manufacturers and performance on critical components such as image intensifier tube, image sensor and display. Scandilumen have previous experience with CCD cameras and wanted to know if the CMOS technology were sensitive enough to work properly in gated systems where high sensitivity is critical. Different image processing techniques was analyzed to find out the possibility to enhance image quality with an FPGA built-in into the system. When the specification is implemented, Scandilumen will have a prototype up-to-date with a digital interface and real time image enhancement. / Uppdraget i denna magisteruppsats var att ta fram en specifikation för en andra prototyp av Scandilumens grindade mörkerkamera. Nuvarande prototyp är analog och skall uppgraderas till en digital variant med display och anslutningsmöjlighet till dator. Specifikationen skall innehålla uppgifter om vilka ingående komponenter som skall användas samt vilken prestanda de skall ha. Exempel på dessa komponenter är bildförstärkarrör, bildsensor och displayer. Stor vikt har lagts vid att avgöra vilken typ av bildsensor som skall ingå i systemet. Scandilumen har tidigare erfarenhet av CCD-kameror men ville undersöka om CMOS-tekniken var känslig nog för denna typ av applikation. En jämförelse gjordes mellan de olika teknikerna med fokus på de höga krav som ställs på känslighet. Dessutom analyserades olika typer av bildbehandling som är lämpliga för systemet och som också går att implementera i en FPGA på lämpligt sätt. Om specifikationen följs kommer Scandilumen ha en prototyp uppdaterad med ett digitalt format och den senaste tekniken.

Η ενδομυελική ήλωση αποτελεί πλέον μια κοινώς αποδεκτή και καταξιωμένη μέθοδο, στην αντιμετώπιση καταγμάτων διάφυσης μακρών οστών (και όχι μόνο). Μετά από μισό και πλέον αιώνα εφαρμογής της, έχει αποκτηθεί σημαντική εμπειρία και για πολλούς Ορθοπαιδικούς χειρουργούς αποτελεί μέθοδο εκλογής στην καθημερινή χειρουργική πρακτική. Πολλές πτυχές της μεθόδου έχουν αποτελέσει αντικείμενο διεξοδικής μελέτης αλλά το ζήτημα της περιφερικής ασφάλισης των ενδομυελικών ήλων, εξακολουθεί να προκαλεί ίσως το μεγαλύτερο προβληματισμό για τον χειρουργό. Η «δια χειρός» (free-hand) αναζήτηση των οπών περιφερικής ασφάλισης του ήλου είναι μια διαδικασία χρονοβόρα, συχνά τραυματική και κυρίως επιβαρυντική με ακτινοβολία Χ λόγω χρήσης ακτινοσκοπικού μηχανήματος διεγχειρητικά, ακόμη και για έμπειρους χειρουργούς. Τα μηχανικά σκόπευτρα (στις διάφορες παραλλαγές που μέχρι τώρα έχουν χρησιμοποιηθεί) μπορούν να βοηθήσουν. Η συχνά αναπόφευκτη όμως παραμόρφωση του ήλου κατά την εισαγωγή του στον αυλό, καθιστά προβληματική τη λειτουργικότητα και μειώνει σημαντικά την αποτελεσματικότητα τους. Αυτό σε συνδυασμό με το συχνά περίπλοκο εξοπλισμό αλλά και την απαιτούμενη εκμάθηση της τεχνικής, αποθαρρύνουν σε πολλές περιπτώσεις το Χειρουργό, που καταφεύγει τελικά εκ νέου στη free-hand τεχνική. Η εκτεταμένη πλέον χρήση των ηλεκτρονικών υπολογιστών και στη χειρουργική, έχει βρει πεδίο εφαρμογής και στο θέμα αυτό. Πολύπλοκα λογισμικά με αντίστοιχο εξοπλισμό και μεθοδολογία, φιλοδοξούν να κατευθύνουν με ακρίβεια το χέρι του Χειρουργού στις οπές ασφάλισης του ήλου. Μέχρι σήμερα τέτοια συστήματα αποτελούν «σενάριο απ’ το μέλλον» για το μέσο Ορθοπαιδικό Χειρουργό (και ειδικότερα για τα δεδομένα του Ελληνικού χώρου). Οι υψηλές απαιτήσεις τους σε τεχνογνωσία και εξοπλισμό σε συνδυασμό με το σημαντικό κόστος τους, είναι λόγοι για τους οποίους δεν μπορούν να θεωρηθούν ρεαλιστική λύση επί του παρόντος. Το σύστημα περιφερικής σκόπευσης του ήλου S2 ανήκει στην κατηγορία των μηχανικών σκοπεύτρων. Χωρίς να διαφέρει σημαντικά στις απαιτήσεις του ως προς την εκμάθηση της συναρμολόγησης και χρήσης του από τον Χειρουργό (και το βοηθητικό προσωπικό του χειρουργείου) σε σχέση με άλλα μηχανικά σκόπευτρα, παρουσιάζει ένα ιδιαίτερο χαρακτηριστικό. Η προσαρμοστικότητα του μηχανισμού σκόπευσης παρέχει τη δυνατότητα απόσβεσης της γεωμετρικής παραμόρφωσης (προσθιοπίσθιας, πλαγιοπλάγιας και στροφικής) του ήλου μετά την εισαγωγή του, εντός φυσικά ορισμένων ορίων με αξιόλογο όμως εύρος. Η παρούσα διατριβή παρουσιάζει τα μετρήσιμα ευρήματα από μια σειρά 190 περιστατικών, στα οποία εφαρμόστηκε κλινικά για πρώτη φόρα ο ήλος S2 σε κατάγματα μηριαίου και κνήμης, καθώς επίσης και συγκριτική μελέτη αποτελεσματικότητας του σκοπεύτρου του ήλου S2 και της «δια χειρός» περιφερικής σκόπευσης για την ασφάλιση του ήλου G-K. Το ενδιαφέρον εστιάστηκε στην ευστοχία του σκοπεύτρου, στην ταχύτητα εφαρμογής της μεθόδου και ιδιαίτερα στην μείωση της χρήσης ακτινοσκοπικών λήψεων. Τα ευρήματα αυτά σε σύγκριση με αντίστοιχα άλλων μεθόδων, όπως προκύπτει από τα έως τώρα βιβλιογραφικά δεδομένα, καθιστούν τον ήλο S2 και το σύστημα σκόπευσης του, μια ιδιαίτερα αποτελεσματική και κυρίως ελάχιστα επιβαρυντική ως προς την ακτινοβολία (για ασθενή, Χειρουργό και βοηθητικό προσωπικό) μέθοδο. / Intramedullary nailing is a well known, successful and widely accepted method in treatment of diaphyseal fractures (and not only) of long bones. After more than a half of century of application of intramedullary nails, important experience has been acquired and for many Orthopaedic surgeons the specific method constitutes the treatment of choice in the daily chirurgical practice. Many aspects of the method have been studied extensively but the part of distal locking of intramedullary nails continues to be troubleshooting for many Surgeons. “Free-hand” technique is excessively used as a targeting method for distal locking despite the fact that it is a time-consuming process, frequently traumatic and mainly aggravating with radiation, as the use of image intensifier is mandatory intra-operatively. Mechanical targeting devices (in many variants) that up to now have been used, can help. However the deformation of nail, usually inevitable during its import in the intramedullary canal, turns out to be the main cause of limited effectiveness. This, in combination with the relatively complex equipment, but also the required learning time of technique, usually discourage surgeon of using these mechanical targeting devices and finally the free-hand technique turns again to be the method of choice in distal locking. The extensive henceforth, use of computers in operating theatre has also found a challenging field of application in this subject. Complicate software with corresponding equipment and methodology aspire to drive surgeon’s hand with precision to distal screw holes of intramedullary nails. Still, such systems seem to be “script of future” for the average Orthopaedic surgeon. High requirements in know-how and equipment, in combination with considerable cost of computer-assisted navigation, are strong reasons for not being considered as a realistic solution on the present. S2 nails with associated distal targeting system, belong in the category of nail mounted, mechanical targeting devices. Without differing considerably in requirements and learning demands from the Surgeon (and the assisting personnel in operating theatre), in comparison with other mechanical devices, it presents one particular characteristic. The adaptability of targeting system provides the ability of damping of nail deformation (during intramedullary application), inside limits with appreciable breadth. This dissertation presents the measurable findings of the first 190 cases of femoral and tibial shaft fractures treated by intramedullary nailing with S2TM nail and S2TM distal targeting device, and also a comparative study between S2 distal targeting device and ‘free-hand’ technique for G-K distal locking. The interest was focused in the effectiveness of the device, the duration of the procedure (distal locking screws placement and total intramedullary nailing time) and particularly in the reduction of image intensifier use (reduction of patient, surgeon and personnel exposition to x-rays). Results were compared to bibliographic data of other well-studied methods of distal targeting in intramedullary nailing and in conclusion, S2TM nail and its distal targeting device is a significantly effective and mainly minimally aggravating with x-ray radiation, method.

Det övergripande syftet med undersökningen har varit att studera etableringen och användningen av morfemet jätte i skrivna elevtexter och tidningstexter idag, med fokus på jätte som förstärkande prefix. Frågeställningen lyder: ”Hur, av vem och i vilken utsträckning används morfemet jätte i elevtexter och tidningstexter?”.För att besvara ovanstående har två korpusundersökningar genomförts, en på tidningstexter och en på elevtexter. Resultatet visar att jätte förekommer i relativt stor utsträckning jämfört med andra förstärkande prefix som till exempel tok- och super-. Vanligast är att jätte används i sammansättningar med adjektiv, både i tidningstexterna och elevtexterna. I tidningstexter förekommer det oftast vid direkt talspråksåtergivning men det har också tagit sig in i mer formella delar såsom ledare. I elevtexterna används jätte oftast vid berättande inslag. När jätte förekommer i sin grundform används det aldrig i betydelsen ”en övernaturlig varelse”.Språkbrukarna i tidningstexterna kan delas in i två grupper, intervjuade och journalister. Spridningen bland användarna är stor då det används av både kvinnor och män i olika åldrar och med olika yrken. I elevtexterna används jätte främst av flickor. Jätte används också inom flera olika ämnesområden men är något vanligare inom sport- och nöjesjournalistiken. Den breda användningen av jätte tyder på en språklig förändring där jätte nu är accepterat i skriftspråket, det används dock fortfarande främst i mer informella sammanhang. / The aim of this study has been to see the conventionalisation and use of the Swedish word jätte (giant) in newspapers and texts written by pupils in the Upper Secondary School, primarily when used as an intensifier in compound words. The question forming the basis of the study is: “How, by whom and to what extent is jätte used in newspapers and texts written by pupils?”To answer the question two corpora have been analysed. The results show that jätte is quite common compared to other Swedish intensifiers as “tok” and “super”. Usually it is used together with adjectives. When used in newspapers it is most commonly used in direct speech, but it is also used in more formal parts of the paper as the editorial. In the texts written by the pupils it is mostly used in sections with narrative elements.The people who use jätte in newspapers can be divided into two groups, journalists and interviewees. The word is widely spread among people and it is used by both women and men of different ages and with different socio-economical backgrounds. Among the pupils it is mostly used by girls. The word is used in different subject areas, although it is more common in sports and entertainment. The wide range of subjects and users indicate that the word is accepted to use in the written language, although it is more common in informal contexts.

No description available.