Neste trabalho apresentamos o método de amostragem intencional via otimização. Tal método baseia-se na fundamentação de que devemos controlar a seleção amostral sempre que houver conhecimento suficiente para garantir boas inferências de quantidades conhecidas e de alguma forma correlacionadas com aquelas desconhecidas e de interesse. Para a resolução dos problemas de otimização foram utilizadas técnicas de programação linear. Três aplicações foram apresentadas e em todas elas notou-se que o procedimento de amostragem intencional produziu amostras com bom balanceamento entre as composições amostrais e de referência. / In this work we present the method of intentional sampling by optimization. Such method is based on the fact that we must control the sampling selection whenever we have enough knowledge to guarantee good inferences of known quantities and somehow correlated with those interesting and unknown ones. Linear programming techniques were used to solve the optimization problems. Three applications were presented and all of them produced samples with good balancing properties related to the referenced populations.

Neste trabalho apresentamos o método de amostragem intencional via otimização. Tal método baseia-se na fundamentação de que devemos controlar a seleção amostral sempre que houver conhecimento suficiente para garantir boas inferências de quantidades conhecidas e de alguma forma correlacionadas com aquelas desconhecidas e de interesse. Para a resolução dos problemas de otimização foram utilizadas técnicas de programação linear. Três aplicações foram apresentadas e em todas elas notou-se que o procedimento de amostragem intencional produziu amostras com bom balanceamento entre as composições amostrais e de referência. / In this work we present the method of intentional sampling by optimization. Such method is based on the fact that we must control the sampling selection whenever we have enough knowledge to guarantee good inferences of known quantities and somehow correlated with those interesting and unknown ones. Linear programming techniques were used to solve the optimization problems. Three applications were presented and all of them produced samples with good balancing properties related to the referenced populations.

Céu do Mapiá is a community of people living in the rainforest in the southwestern quadrant of Brazil. It was founded in 1983 by ex-rubber tapper Sebastião Mota de Melo and a collection of followers of the religion known as “Santo Daime.” These men and women were seeking to create a “New World,” separating themselves from a society that was undergoing a great deal of upheaval as the period marked the initial phases of major deforestation in the Amazon. The community, therefore, offered a chance of escape from the devastation around them and the freedom to practice their religious beliefs. ‘The Holy Gift,’ as it translates in Portuguese, Santo Daime is a religion that melds together popular Roman Catholicism and indigenous ayahuasca use, as well as Afro-Brazilian spirit possession, Amazonian encantaria, and most recently, New Age beliefs and concepts. Ayahuasca is a concoction of two plants, B. caapi and P. viridis, that produces psychotropic effects and has been widely consumed among indigenous tribes in the Amazon. However, in the context of Santo Daime, it has been deemed a kind of sacrament, the central force of a religious movement that has expanded from its corner in the Amazon into urban centers across Brazil and into Europe, North America, and Japan. Though maintaining a fairly small following of 10,000, Santo Daime has become a global religious movement. This thesis attempts to unravel two seemingly contradictory processes embodied in the community of Céu do Mapiá: separation and expansion. First, I outline the trajectory of the community from its initial ideals to its later entanglements with state and other international actors. Second, I trace the network of people, ideas, and goods that have become a part of Santo Daime’s international expansion. Third, I discuss the contemporary everyday rhythms in the communities and how they have been shaped by the various relationships that have developed through this expansion, positing that place is a nexus of relations. / text

The current thesis explored the intentional forgetting of different types of facial expression (Angry, Neutral, Happy) within the item-method directed forgetting paradigm (Experiments 1-4). Also, as a manipulation check, Experiment 5 obtained the subjective ratings of valence and arousal for the different types of facial expression used in the previous four Experiments. In summary, a significant directed forgetting effect occurred for Neutral facial expressions; however, a significant directed forgetting effect did not consistently occur for emotional facial expressions (e.g., there was no directed forgetting effect for Angry facial expressions in Experiments 2 and 3, or Happy facial expressions in Experiment 3). These findings are discussed in terms of encoding time as well as valence and arousal, and how these two factors modulate the effect of emotional facial expression on the ability to intentionally forget.

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In my dissertation I explain and defend the claim that conscious beliefs are essentially prescriptive. I argue that norms of conscious belief are explained by the fact that consciously believing p involves a commitment to the truth of p, a commitment analogous to the one involved in the act of accepting an assertion in public linguistic practice. Having a conscious belief implies being vulnerable to certain questions and criticisms from other agents. For instance, when asked for reasons for her belief, a person should provide a justification which demonstrates her entitlement to accepting the given proposition as true. Moreover, if a certain belief logically follows from the agent’s beliefs then she should either accept it as a conclusion or revise her initial beliefs. I argue that both deliberative and non-inferential conscious beliefs can be construed as acceptances of assertions and that they carry the same normative import as public acts of accepting claims put forward by others. The intrinsic relation between conscious belief and language-use shows that conscious belief is irreducible to unconscious or lower-level belief, the type of belief which we attribute to non-human animals or small children. Rather than trying to reduce conscious belief to lower-level belief, I suggest that we should offer an account of the emergence of the linguistic practice of assertion in terms of animal belief and then explain the normative features of conscious belief by reference to the norms implicit in assertional practice. In addition, my work proposes a way of formulating the norms of conscious belief which is consistent with the fact that actual human beings do not have perfect logical abilities; that they can only dedicate a limited amount of time and cognitive resources to the task of reasoning.

abstract: Many students spend a significant portion of their college life outside of the classroom, yet very little is known about the learning they experience as a result of their interactions outside of the classroom. Intentional out-of-class educational experiences offer educators a powerful window into not only understanding the college student experience, but gaining insight into what students are learning that has meaning for them. This research study employed a qualitative approach to examine how students make meaning of their intentional out-of-class educational experiences at a small, Catholic, liberal arts college. Four recent graduates of the college were interviewed on two separate occasions to garner a broad picture of what they learned beyond their classrooms. All four participants were members of the college's honor society whose membership criteria included not only excellence in the classroom, but excellence in the out-of-class arena as well. The students represented athletic teams, honor societies, service societies and clubs in their out-of-class educational experiences. While the participants discussed an array of outcomes as a result of their out-of-class educational experiences, each participant identified specific events that lead them to make new or revised meaning from their internal and external understandings of their world. Labeled as turning points, this research study found that there was a powerful interaction when combining out-of-class educational experiences with the opportunity to cognitively reflect on what each student was experiencing both in understanding how they viewed themselves, as well as the world around them. Consequently, student affairs practitioners, at least in this campus setting, can routinely discover cognitive gains of students implementing opportunities for college students to reflect on out-of-class educational experiences. / Dissertation/Thesis / Ed.D. Higher and Postsecondary Education 2011

Magister Educationis - MEd / In this study I explored grade 9 learners’ perceptions after the implementation of “intentional teaching”. The research question is: “What are the perceptions of grade 9 learners of the teaching they experience in mathematics?” Conceptually the study is situated in “learners’ perceptions” of teaching with “intentional teaching” as the context. The design used was a survey where learners had to complete a questionnaire, adapted from the Students Evaluating Accomplished Teaching-Mathematics (SEAT-M) instrument. Learners from two grade 9 classes, taught by me, participated. Rasch analysis was used to analyse the data. It was found that learners ranked “the teacher’s ability to encourage them to place a high value on mathematics” the highest. “The teacher’s ability to challenge learners to think through and solve problems, either by themselves or together as a group” was ranked the lowest. It is recommended that all role-players and teachers develop skills of authentic pedagogical dialogue to promote dynamic learning in mathematics classrooms. http://

The purpose of this research is to analyze intentional cranial modification at the site of Túcume located in Peru. Intentional cranial modification is the permanent alteration of the infant cranium through the use of apparatuses that will alter the shape of the skull resulting in lifelong implications. This analysis serves to answer three research questions through testing the hypotheses in regards to the variation among individuals, the sex-based differences in the population, and how cranial modification patterns differentiate normal burials from sacrificed individuals at Túcume. The data include a total of 480 individuals with 375 crania observable. It was found that 26% of individuals with crania were modified. A sex-based pattern was identified since 47% of females were modified while only 18% of males were modified. There were 99 sacrificed individuals with only 6% of them being also modified. The data indicates that there was not a statistically significant difference in the modifications between the sacrificed and non-sacrificed individuals. There is also not enough evidence to indicate that the sacrificed individuals were from other locations. The individuals that were sacrificed were most likely from Túcume. In regards to classification type, it was found that fronto-occipital vault modification was the most prevalent at 56% regardless of sex or age. Fronto-occipital and lambdoidal modifications were more frequently performed on females while occipital was more frequent among males. From the data, this indicates that this was not a common practice at Túcume. There was enough variation in the types of modification that suggests it was not a universal practice. The practice of head shaping in past societies is an important aspect because it holds social implications. It is clear that this thesis provides important insight into Túcume’s past and contains important information in regards to sex-based patterns of head shaping as a marker of group identity.

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