A pesquisa analisa as maneiras e práticas através das quais as pessoas corriqueiramente, movidas por impulsos, fatores e necessidades as mais diversas, se apropriam, repensam e transformam os objetos no seu uso cotidiano. Tais práticas constituem uma fonte privilegiada de aprendizagem dentro do processo de design, ainda que frequentemente menosprezadas em seu potencial. Aplicadas um tanto despretensiosamente, passando muitas vezes despercebidas, trazem questões importantes para uma reflexão sobre os pressupostos e ações concretas no âmbito do design, e podem e devem ser consideradas da concepção à produção e reuso de objetos. A partir de uma perspectiva histórica o trabalho recupera certas noções presentes na ideia inicial da constituição do design (forma, função, styling, valor agregado) que põem em debate questões como autoria, consumo, descatabilidade, bsolescência e as relações possíveis entre objetos e usuários. Para tanto, trazemos a discussão conceitos como o non-intentional design (NID), low-cost design, design espontâneo e não-design, buscando compreender os diálogos e interações entre as ações de não-designers e designers para então problematizar ideias de autoria e criação observadas e tensionadas em seu sentido a partir dessas noções. Uma verificação atenta dos usos e apropriações de objetos cotidianos - intervenções criativas, movidas por questões socioeconômicas ou não são práticas rotineiras, feitas na maioria das vezes sem uma pretensão consciente de questionar a noção de autoria - pode contribuir para recondicionar a avaliação das próprias qualidades dos objetos. / The present research analyzes the ways and practices through which people who are routinely moved by the most diverse of impulses, factors and needs appropriate, rethink and transform the objects in their everyday lives. Such practices are a prime source of learning within the design process, yet are often undervalued in terms of potential. Applied somewhat unassumingly, often going unnoticed, these practices raise important questions about assumptions and concrete actions in the field of design, and should always be considered from object conception to production and reuse. From a historical perspective, the present work restores certain notions present in the initial establishment of design (form, function, styling, added value) notions that call into debate issues such as authorship, consumption, disposability, obsolescence and possible relationships between objects and users . To do so, we bring to the discussion concepts such as \"non-intentional design\" (NID), \"low-cost design\", \"spontaneous design\" and \"non-design\" as part of an attempt to understand the dialogues and interactions between non-designers and designers to the discuss ideas of authorship and creation observed and challenged by these notions. A careful examination of the uses and appropriations of everyday objects - creative interventions driven by socioeconomic issues or not which are routine practices performed mostly without a conscious intention to challenge the notion of authorship may contribute to the reconditioning of the evaluation process of the very characteristics of objects.

Sense of agency (SoA) is defined as the subjective experience of being in control of our own actions. This attribution of control underpins all human action and is a vital aspect of the experience of being human. This systematic review sought to address whether intentional binding (IB), a proxy of SoA, can be found during observation of other-generated actions. This was done by investigating the current state of research in the field. Past studies are inconclusive in regards to what factors play into the formation of SoA and the motivation behind this review was to provide a conclusion regarding IB from observed actions. The studies featured in this review found that the IB effect was present in different procedures and contexts which highlights the flexible nature of SoA. Most importantly, this systematic review concluded that IB can and does occur during the observation of other-generated actions. Furthermore, this review found that social influence has an effect on SoA in both human- and robot-observations. We also found that the IB effect manifests in the absence of voluntary actions but to a lesser degree. However, the magnitude of the IB effect varied across studies where one found IB to be greater during action observation than self-generated actions, whilst another study found a weaker IB effect for action observation. Finally, this review provides a discussion on theories that best explain this phenomena, the neural evidence behind action observation, and what implications the findings could have for SoA as a whole

In self-report data, participants who provide incorrect responses are known as intentional inaccurate responders. This dissertation provides statistical analyses for address intentional inaccurate responses in the data. Previous work with adolescent self-report, labeled survey participants who intentionally provide inaccurate answers as mischievous responders. This phenomenon also occurs in clinical research. For example, pregnant women who smoke may report that they are nonsmokers. Our advantage is that we do not solely have self-report answers and can verify responses with lab values. Currently, there is no clear method for handling these intentional inaccurate respondents when it comes to making statistical inferences. We propose a using an EM algorithm to account for the intentional behavior while maintaining all responses in the data. The performance of this model is evaluated using simulated data and real data. The strengths and weaknesses of the EM algorithm approach will be demonstrated.

The central concern of this thesis is to discuss interpretations of learning in educational research. A point of departure is taken in core epistemological and ontological assumptions informing three major approaches to learning: behaviourism, cognitive constructivism and socioculturalism. It is argued that all three perspectives provide important insights into research on learning, but each alone runs the risk of reducing learning and interpretations of learning to single aspects. Specific attention is therefore given to Intentional Analysis, as it has been developed to account for sociocultural aspects that influence learning and individual cognition. It is argued that interpretations of learning processes face challenges, different kinds of holism, underdetermination and the complexity of intentionality, that need to be accounted for in order to make valid interpretations. Interpretation is therefore also discussed in light of philosopher Donald Davidson’s theories of knowledge and interpretation. It is suggested that his theories may provide aspects of an ontological and epistemological stance that can form the basis for interpretations of learning in educational research. A first brief sketch, referred to as ‘epistemic holism’, is thus drawn. The thesis also exemplifies how such a stance can inform empirical research. It provides a first formulation of research strategies – a so-called ‘interpretative holism’. The thesis discusses what such a stance may imply with regard to the nature and location of knowledge and the status of the learning situation. Ascribing meaning to observed behaviour, as it is described in this thesis, implies that an action is always an action under a specific description. Different descriptions may not be contradictory, but if we do not know the learner’s language use, we cannot know whether there is a difference in language or in beliefs. It is argued that the principle of charity and reference to saliency, that is, what appears as the figure for the learner, may help us decide. However, saliency does not only appear as a phenomenon in relation to physical objects and events, but also in the symbolic world, thus requires that the analysis extend beyond the mere transcription of an interview or the description of an observation. Hence, a conclusion to be drawn from this thesis is that the very question of what counts as data in the interpretation of complex learning processes is up for discussion. / <p>At the time of the doctoral defense, the following paper was unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 4: Manuscript.</p>

The problem in this study was to determine whether students enrolled in beginning typewriting who typed between fifteen and fifty-five words a minute would learn economic facts incidentally and intentionally through the typing of timed writings on the topic of economics.

Magister Educationis - MEd / This research has employed an intentional teaching model to investigate the algebraic reasoning of grade 9 learners from a low socio-economic background. It has also sought to study how learners engage with algebra to make generalizations and to scrutinize any misconceptions deriving from the experience. They looked for patterns, paid attention to aspects of the patterns that are important and then generalized from familiar to unfamiliar situations. Algebraic reasoning underpins all mathematical thinking including arithmetic because it allows us to explore the structure of mathematics. This study is based on the Curriculum and Assessment Policy Statement which states that learners are expected to investigate patterns to establish the relationships between variables, as well as represent and analyse the change of patterns. The study also had a huge emphasis on algebra. According to Mphuthi & Machaba (2016): “Algebraic expressions form part of the senior phase CAPS curriculum in South Africa. A substantial amount of time is allocated to this section on evaluating expressions and simplifications of algebraic expressions in grade 7-9.” The study is premised on a qualitative research paradigm and a design-based research methodology for data collection. A set of tasks based on algebraic patterns and generalizations was given to an opportunistic sample of 20 grade 9 learners in a school in Delft, a low socio-economic suburb about 30 kilometres from Cape Town in the Western Cape Province of South Africa. Three weeks after completing the tasks, learners were interviewed to identify their reasoning and how they felt about the tasks. The results of the study show that the majority of the learners struggled with tasks especially when asked what the rules they could derive from the patterns. Learners did not seem to understand what they were doing because they were unable to articulate the given tasks in words and did not have knowledge of concepts like the perimeter.

[pt] O presente trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar um estudo comparativo das atitudes e comportamentos de grupos distintos de consumidores vis-à-vis ao que se denomina Marketing Verde ou Consumo Consciente. Ou seja, busca-se identificar o perfil atitudinal e comportamental de grupos de consumidores em relação a produtos com apelos ecológicos. Os produtos pesquisados foram: creme hidratante com extratos naturais, destinado ao público feminino e pneus reciclados ou remodelados, destinados ao público masculino. O trabalho está dividido em cinco capítulos: o primeiro concentra-se na contextualização do tema e nas tendências; o segundo apresenta uma revisão bibliográfica acerca do Marketing Verde; o terceiro aborda o comportamento do consumidor; o quarto descreve a pesquisa realizada, suas etapas e os resultados obtidos e o quinto apresenta as conclusões e sugestões para pesquisas futuras. Nesses dois experimentos realizados os resultados apontam um maior valor atribuído à característica ecológica do creme hidratante, por parte do público feminino, e uma forte rejeição à característica ecológica contida nos pneus, por parte do público masculino. Na conclusão é feita uma reflexão acerca dos resultados que conduzem à proposta inicial relativa ao comportamento de diferentes grupos de consumidores frente a esses produtos com apelos ecológicos. / [en] This dissertation presents a comparative study of the attitudes and behavior of different groups of consumers with regard to so-called Green Marketing, or Conscious Consumption. It seeks to identify the attitude and behavior profiles of distinct groups of consumers in relation to products which have an ecological appeal. The products researched were a women’s moisturizing cream containing natural extracts, and recycled or remold tires aimed at the male market. The thesis consists of five chapters: the first identifies the wider context and current trends; the second reviews the bibliography available on Green Marketing; the third looks at consumer behavior; the fourth describes the different stages of the research process and the results obtained and the fifth identifies conclusions and suggestions for future research. In both experiments the results indicate a higher value assigned to the ecological character of moisturizing cream by the female public, and a strong rejection of the ecological characteristics contained in the tire by the male audience. The conclusion presents an assessment of the results obtained against the initial hypotheses regarding the behavior of different groups of consumers in relation to products with ecological appeal.

Thesis advisor: Jacqueline V. Lerner / This dissertation considered character development in adolescence from a relational developmental systems (RDS) perspective through the estimation of trajectories of five character attributes and the associations of these trajectories with the contextual factors of intentional self-regulation (ISR) and prosocial socialization from role models whom adolescents reported knowing personally. Character attributes considered were honesty, humility, diligence, future mindedness, and purpose. Data were taken from the Connecting Adolescents' Beliefs and Behaviors longitudinal study of character development in adolescents from the Northeastern United States. Results demonstrated that multiple trajectories can be estimated for each character attribute, supporting the RDS principles of plasticity and individual differences. Associations were also found among all character attributes considered at every time point. Contextual factors had more nuanced relationships with character attribute trajectories than was expected, with high levels of ISR associated with high start points for all character attributes and for overall character attribute patterns, but not necessarily with sustained high levels of character attributes. Prosocial socialization did not demonstrate a stable association with high levels or increasing levels of any character attribute examined. This pattern of findings suggests that additional contextual aspects should be considered as important aspects of character development. Limitations and future directions are discussed. / Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2019. / Submitted to: Boston College. Lynch School of Education. / Discipline: Counseling, Developmental and Educational Psychology.

A dissertação pretende permitir ao leitor simular a forma de pensar de Daniel Dennett, e perpassa toda sua filosofia, com ênfase em seu tratamento de o que são padrões, o algoritmo evolutivo, intuition pumps, consciência, e seu uso dos conceitos de illata, abstracta, semântica e sintaxe para compreender a natureza, a biologia e a mente humana. O trabalho reapresenta, sob nova luz, grande parte das ideias mais importantes de Dennett, e procura fazer a engenharia reversa de o que o levou a pensar de determinadas maneiras, guiando o leitor através de caminhos similares, procurando fomentar um aprendizado ativo de uma forma de pensar, acima e além de uma exposição dos resultados obtidos ao longo de décadas desse pensamento no próprio Dennett / This dissertation intends to provide the reader with an inner simulation of Daniel Dennetts form of reasoning, spreading over his whole philosophy, emphasizing his treatment of patterns, the evolutionary algorithm, consciousness, and his use of illata, abstracta, semantic, and synthax, to carve nature at its joints, especially biology and the human mind. It recasts, in a new light, great part of his most important ideas, and reverse engineers what made him think in particular ways, walking the reader through similar pathways, fostering an active learning of a thinking style, above and beyond a mere exposition of the results obtained by this thinking style over the years

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2017-02-16T12:25:57Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Alexandre Castro Sousa.pdf: 936004 bytes, checksum: 48bb01514aeac09d36fcb959f9f84f4e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-16T12:25:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Alexandre Castro Sousa.pdf: 936004 bytes, checksum: 48bb01514aeac09d36fcb959f9f84f4e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-09 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / The main goal of the present study is to analyze the possibility of invalidation of a seller's sale agreement due to the seller's omission regarding the neighborhood in which the property is located and to what extent a harmful interference prior to the sale of the property would force the seller to inform the buyer about a particular situation in the neighborhood. The main question is whether the buyer would have the right to know the circumstances surrounding the neighborhood of the property to be purchased. In this way, we will try to give the reader enough information to answer such questions, always using the principle of straightforward good faith as the main guideline, which will govern, above all, the criteria given by the doctrine to identify whether or not they should inform the other contractor so that it is possible to characterize the intentional silence and, consequently, to consider the cancellation of the legal transaction by omission / O objetivo do presente estudo é analisar a possibilidade de invalidação de contrato de compra e venda por omissão do vendedor quanto à vizinhança do imóvel vendido, isto é, saber em que medida uma interferência prejudicial anterior à venda do imóvel seria capaz de obrigar o vendedor a informar o comprador sobre determinada situação ocorrida na vizinhança. A questão principal a respondida é se teria o comprador o direito de saber das circunstâncias que envolvem a vizinhança do imóvel a ser comprado. Procurar-se-á, deste modo, dar ao leitor elementos suficientes para responder a tal questionamento, utilizando sempre como diretriz principal o princípio da boa-fé objetiva, que regerá, acima de tudo, os critérios dados pela doutrina para se identificar o dever ou não de informar o outro contratante para, assim, ser possível caracterizar o silêncio intencional e, consequentemente, cogitar a anulação do negócio jurídico por dolo omissivo