The aim is to study representation of order and otherness in the late 1930's Swedish press. That is, who are envisioned as "us" and who are the "Others"? The theoretical frame is based on Foucault’s concepts of pastoral power, the reason of state and biopolitics. The Good Shepherd is an excellent metaphor for the Nordic-style welfare state and the Foucauldian approach fits well with the social Darwinist and race biological metaphors of the time. Furthermore, news, myths and law articulate public morality and belong to disciplining, naturalizing and normalizing discourses. The symbolic boundaries between “We” and “Them” are outlined and modes of thinking, acceptable ways of behavior, and possible solutions for existing problems are provided. The material examined consists of four Stockholm-based newspapers Dagens Nyheter, Stockholms-Tidningen, Svenska Dagbladet and Social-Demokraten. The years studied are 1935 and 1938. The quantitative content analysis is based on a selection of four months from each year. The articles are coded according to a theme and the characteristics of the actors. Gripsrud’s version of Propp’s actant model is used to examine the narrative structure of the stories. Linguistic tools, such as ideational and interpersonal functions, are used to analyze the individual texts. The groups depicted as deviant include religious sects, ethnic minorities, foreigners, criminals and political activists on the extreme right and extreme left. A number of articles discuss various social problems in more general terms. Quantitatively more than eighty percent of the material consists of crime news. Approximately five percent of the articles are about ethnic minorities and foreigners. Religious sects and political extremists constitute about one percent each and roughly ten percent of the material is about social problems.

Cette étude en histoire du droit présente les spécificités de la régulation de la prostitution pendant l'entre-deux guerres. Elle s'appuye sur l'analyse des sources juridiques et judiciaires extraites de nombreux fonds d'Archives, et s'enrichit d'une approche interdisciplinaire. La thèse étudie les débats nationaux et internationaux, les lois et projets de lois, polarisés autour de l'abolitionnisme et du réglementarisme, tout en notant au sein de ces deux discours une nette tendance au prohibitionnisme. Elle présente également une approche concrète de la mise en œuvre de cette régulation, avec l'exemple du Nord et du Pas-de-Calais, départements dont la situation géographique et les bouleversements subis pendant la première guerre mondiale constituent un étalon de mesure de cette période. L'étude observe les glissements du contrôle policier vers le contrôle médical, où le policier devient l'auxiliaire du médecin. Parallèlement, le glissement de compétence se fait de l'autorité règlementaire locale vers l'autorité règlementaire centrale. Le prisme du genre permet d'étudier la cristallisation de la place de chacun des sexes au sein du commerce prostitutionnel forcé par l'autorité publique que ce soit au niveau juridique ou judiciaire. Au sein de cette période où le réglementarisme tente une ultime tentative de survie, alors qu'il était tenu pour moribond à la fin du XIXe siècle, l'enjeu du contrôle dépasse largement le cadre de la prostitution pour viser la sexualité en général, avec comme levier la peur celle du péril vénérien et celle de la traite de la traite des femmes. / This research in legal history presents the specificities of the prostitution regulation during the inter-war period. It is based on the analysis of legal and judicial sources from various archives and adopts an interdisciplinary approach. This thesis studies national and international debates, laws and draft laws about both abolitionism and regulationism, noting that these two theories tend towards prohibition. It also sets out a concrete presentation of the implementation of this regulation, with the example of the departments of North and Pas de Calais, whose geographical situation and upheavals during the first world war are characteristic of this period. The research points out the shift from police control to medical control, a policeman becoming doctor's assistant. Simultaneously, the competence was transferred from the local regulation authority to the national one. The gender point of view leads to the study of the determination of the position of each sex in the prostitution business, constrained by the public authority.During this period, when the final attempts at the regulation system, which was meant to disappear in the nineteenth century, take place; the importance of this control goes far beyond prostitution. It deals with sexuality in general, relying on fear : the fear of the venereal disease and the fear of trafficking in women.

The thesis discusses the impact of nostrification action on particular companies mining and metallurgical industries in inter-war Czechoslovakia. The aim of the analysis is to test the hypothesis of nostrification as "clientelist changing of the guard" on the particular case of the three largest mining and metallurgical enterprises in First Republic of Czechoslovakia. First is discussed the state of the mining and metallurgical industry as a whole. Then there is brief discuss about nostrification. Finally, there are particular companies analyzed. Final opinion to the defined hypothesis is discussed, through the answer on a defined set of questions

No / This is an extended study of the achievement of cultural auonomty in Estonia (1925) and of attempts by national minoriites in Europe to promote minority rights internationally, not least by lobbying the League of Nations. / British Academy

This thesis is a narrative and analytical history of the Hungarian air service. It follows its development from the Allied intervention of 1919 through the end of the Second World War. Denied an air force by the Treaty of Trianon, Hungarian airmen determined to thwart the inspection system and preserve national air power. The prohibition against military aviation persisted after the Commission was withdrawn, and through Hungarian diplomatic efforts, a relationship was established with Italy that included substantial assistance to the clandestine Hungarian air service. This low-grade arms build-up continued through the 1930s, during which there was a robust discussion about air power theory and the nature of future aerial warfare in Magyar Katonai Szemle [Hungarian Military Review]. After the rise of Hitler, Germany offered arms credits and support for Hungary’s obsession with regaining the territory lost in the post-war settlement. The air service grew mainly through imported aeroplanes, the purchase of which ceased to be secret after the Little Entente recognised Hungary’s equality of arms. The Hungarian air force became independent in 1939, and enjoyed public acclaim after decisive air-to-air victories over Slovak pilots during the occupation of Upper Hungary. The General Staff never accepted its autonomy, however, and succeeded in reclaiming control of the air force in 1941. After Hungary joined the Axis invasion of the Soviet Union, the air force provided air defence and interdiction in support of the Rapid Corps. Its mounting losses were made good by German aeroplanes, some of which were produced in Hungarian factories. As the Allied bombing campaign against Hungary intensified in 1944, most of its aircraft were devoted to homeland defence. The force ceased to exist as a true national service after the German-led coup in October 1944, but continued a fighting withdrawal to the west until captured by American forces.

Master of Arts / Department of History / Michael A. Ramsay / Immediately after World War I, the Commandant of the United States Marine Corps implemented an officer education program. Called the Marine Corps Schools (MCS), the Commandant, Major General John A. Lejeune, gave the schools the mission of educating officers throughout their career. MCS struggled during its first decade of existence due to operational tempo and a poor curriculum. The direction of MCS changed greatly with the assignment of James Carson Breckinridge as the commanding officer in 1928. The purpose of this thesis is to examine the role Breckinridge, an unconventional and intellectual officer, played in reviving the MCS and turning it into the authority on Small Wars and Amphibious Operations. It will show that Breckinridge, drawing on observations made of college education systems, focused the Marine Corps Schools on the task of teaching officers to analyze problems and find solutions and not rely on memorized book answers.

L’objectif de ma thèse est de réaliser une étude de relations internationales, qui comporte aussi une dimension d’histoire sociale à travers le recrutement de ces élites de la société civile – les consuls honoraires – qui assurent le relais entre cette dernière et la grande diplomatie de carrière. Je me propose de rechercher l’activité consulaire roumaine dans les quatre grandes puissances ouest européennes – choisies, pour équilibrer, parmi deux Etats révisionnistes, donc désireux de transformer les équilibres mis en place lors des traités concluant la Première Guerre mondiale, et deux Etats satisfaits par ces traités – à tous les niveaux : économique, politique, administratif et culturel. La problématique de ma thèse articule donc diplomatie consulaire et grande diplomatie et consiste à évaluer leur convergence politique en faveur des grands vainqueurs français et britannique ou, à l’inverse, le contrepoids que cette diplomatie « mineure » pourrait exercer au bénéfice des frustrés allemand et italien. Cette dernière option est d’autant plus intéressante qu’Allemagne et Italie étaient les principaux partenaires commerciaux de la Roumanie avant 1914. / The aim of my thesis is to realise an international relations study, which also includes a dimension of social history through the recruitment of these elites of civil society - the honorary consuls - who ensure the relay between the latter and the great career diplomacy. I propose to research the Romanian consular activity in the four great Western European powers - chosen, to balance, among two revisionist states, so eager to transform the balances put in place during the treaties concluding the First World War, and two states satisfied by these treaties - at all levels: economic, political, administrative and cultural. The rationale of my thesis articulates therefore consular diplomacy and great diplomacy and consists of evaluating their political convergence in favor of the great winners French and British or, conversely, the counterweight that this "minor" diplomacy could exert for the benefit of the frustrated German and Italian. The latter option is all the more interesting because Germany and Italy were Romania's main trading partners before 1914.

Thesis (M.A.)--Miami University, Dept. of History, 2008. / Title from first page of PDF document. Includes bibliographical references (p. [26-29]).

L'entre-deux-guerres commence à la fin de la Première Guerre mondiale et s'inscrit dans une volonté de changement, de paix durable et d'un nouvel ordre international. Cependant, la réalité du retour à la paix est compliquée par l'ampleur du conflit. L'espace public est transformé: monuments aux morts, destructions, veuves et orphelins. Il y a aussi une réflexion sur la durabilité de la civilisation occidentale : ses limites, ses modèles et ses dangers. Ce mémoire étudie la vision d’un artiste, Hermann-Paul, afin de connaitre les représentations d’un contemporain de l’entre-deux-guerres sur la France et les modèles de la civilisation occidentale. L’étude se concentre sur son travail dans la presse, plus particulièrement sur l’hebdomadaire Je suis partout qui offre le double avantage de pouvoir suivre l’artiste chaque semaine sur une décennie de décembre 1930 à février 1940. Plusieurs questions guident cette recherche. Quelle est la France d’Hermann-Paul? Pourquoi semble-t-elle en crise et quels en sont les modèles et les contre modèles? Les pacifistes sont des acteurs majeurs de la période qui défendent l’idée d’une paix durable. Par leur volonté de changement, ils participent aussi à cette angoisse civilisationnelle. Comment le caricaturiste les intègre-t-il dans sa vision française? Le mémoire se concentre également sur l’instrumentalisation du genre, et sousensemble qu’est la virilité. Il y a une carence d’études francophones dans ce domaine. Ce travail a donc pour objectif de participer à l’exploration du domaine de la virilité en histoire avec le cas d’Hermann-Paul. La caricature est une opportunité puisque ce format instrumentalise les codes du dessin et de la virilité afin de construire, justifier et en détourner les représentations. / The inter-war period began at the end of the First World War and was part of a desire for change, lasting peace and a new international order. However, the reality of a return to peace is complicated by the scale of the conflict. The public space is transformed: monuments to the dead, destruction, widows and orphans. There is also a reflection on the sustainability of Western civilization: its limits, its models and its dangers. This paper examines the vision of an artist, Hermann-Paul, in order to know contemporary representations of inter-war France and the models of Western civilization. The study focuses here on Hermann-Paul’s work in the press, particularly in the weekly magazine Je suis partout, which offers the advantage of being able to follow the artist every week over a decade from December 1930 to February 1940. Several questions guide this research. What is Hermann-Paul's France? Why does it seem to be in crisis and what are the models and counter-models? Peace activists, who defend the idea of a lasting peace, are major actors of the period. Through their desire for change, they also participate in this civilizational anguish. How does the caricaturist integrate them into his French vision? The paper also focuses on the instrumentalization of gender, and subset that is masculinity. There is still a lack of Francophone studies in this area. The objective of this study is to participate in the historical analysis of the field of virility, with the case of Hermann-Paul. The caricature is an opportunity since this format instrumentalizes the codes of drawing and virility in order to construct, justify and divert representations.

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