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1	Integração de fatos formulativos e interacionais na construção do texto: um estudo a partir da topicalidade Pinheiro, Clemilton Lopes [UNESP] 28 August 2003 (has links) (PDF) Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:32:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2003-08-28Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:21:25Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 pinheiro_cl_dr_assis.pdf: 1025395 bytes, checksum: 8944eb4aa48e5f3da2c3e048f9aa97c6 (MD5) / Neste trabalho, investigo a integração de fatos formulativos e interacionais, na construção do texto, a partir da análise da sua organização tópica. A análise da organização tópica leva em consideração a identificação e delimitação de segmentos tópicos e dos procedimentos pelos quais esses segmentos se distribuem na linearidade do texto e se recobrem hierarquicamente. A maneira como os segmentos tópicos, nível intertópico, e os enunciados que compõem esses segmentos, nível intratópico, se vinculam lingüisticamente na materialidade do texto constitui a estratégia textual-interativa que denomino de articulação tópica. Tomo, então, a articulação tópica como uma estratégia de formulação textual que apresenta demandas pragmáticas, e detecto os mecanismos pelos quais ela se atualiza em diferentes usos da língua, analisando-os como fatos textuais-interativos. Os postulados da Pragmática, da Lingüística Textual de orientação mais recente e da perspectiva textual-interativa formam o tripé teórico que orienta o trabalho. Os dados foram coletados em um corpus constituído de textos selecionados entre gêneros textuais prototípicos de fala e de escrita e intermediários: carta pessoal, artigo de opinião, artigo científico, conversação espontânea, aula, palestra, entrevista falada e escrita e reportagem, de televisão e de revista. Os resultados mostraram que, como mecanismos de articulação tópica, são empregados marcadores discursivos, formas referenciais, formulações metadiscursivas, perguntas e paráfrases, que realizam, tanto no plano da constituição interna dos segmentos tópicos mínimos, intratópico, como no plano da articulação desses segmentos entre si, intertópico, movimentos que sinalizam a construção textual, relacionados a diversos aspectos do processo interacional. / In this work, I investigate the integration of facts formulativos and interactive, in the operation of the text, starting from the analysis of its topical organization. The analysis of the topical organization takes in consideration the identification and delimitation of topical segments and of the procedures for the which those segments are distributed in the sequencing of the text and is recovered hierarchically. The way as the topical segments, level intertopical, and the statements that compose those segments, level intratopical, is linguistically linked in the text surface constitutes the textual-interactive strategy that denominate of topical articulation. I take, then, the topical articulation as a strategy of textual formulation that it presents pragmatic demands, and I detect the mechanisms for the which she is used in different instances of the language, analyzing them as textual-interactive facts. The postulates of the Pragmatic, of the Textual Linguistics of more recent orientation and of the textual-interactive perspective they form the theoretical tripod that guides the work. The data were collected within a corpus constituted of texts selected among spoken, written and intermediate prototypical textual genres: personal letter, opinion article, scientific article, spontaneous conversation, class, lecture, written and spoken interviews and of magazines and televisions report. The results showed that, as mechanisms of topical articulation, discursive markers, referential forms, formulations metadiscursivas, questions and paraphrases are used. This mechanisms accomplish, so much in the plan of the internal constitution of the minimum topical segments, intratopical, as in the plan of the articulation of those segments to each other, intertopical, movements that signal the textual construction, related to several aspects of the process interactive. Linguística Textual-interactive strategy Interaction Text Topical organization
2	Integração de fatos formulativos e interacionais na construção do texto : um estudo a partir da topicalidade / Pinheiro, Clemilton Lopes. January 2003 (has links) Possui anexo em volume separado / Orientador: Clélia Cândida Abreu Spinardi Jubran / Banca: José Gaston Hilgert / Banca: Ingedore Grunfeld Villaça Koch / Banca: Maria Helena de Moura Neves / Banca: Odilon Helou Fleury Curado / Resumo: Neste trabalho, investigo a integração de fatos formulativos e interacionais, na construção do texto, a partir da análise da sua organização tópica. A análise da organização tópica leva em consideração a identificação e delimitação de segmentos tópicos e dos procedimentos pelos quais esses segmentos se distribuem na linearidade do texto e se recobrem hierarquicamente. A maneira como os segmentos tópicos, nível intertópico, e os enunciados que compõem esses segmentos, nível intratópico, se vinculam lingüisticamente na materialidade do texto constitui a estratégia textual-interativa que denomino de articulação tópica. Tomo, então, a articulação tópica como uma estratégia de formulação textual que apresenta demandas pragmáticas, e detecto os mecanismos pelos quais ela se atualiza em diferentes usos da língua, analisando-os como fatos textuais-interativos. Os postulados da Pragmática, da Lingüística Textual de orientação mais recente e da perspectiva textual-interativa formam o tripé teórico que orienta o trabalho. Os dados foram coletados em um corpus constituído de textos selecionados entre gêneros textuais prototípicos de fala e de escrita e intermediários: carta pessoal, artigo de opinião, artigo científico, conversação espontânea, aula, palestra, entrevista falada e escrita e reportagem, de televisão e de revista. Os resultados mostraram que, como mecanismos de articulação tópica, são empregados marcadores discursivos, formas referenciais, formulações metadiscursivas, perguntas e paráfrases, que realizam, tanto no plano da constituição interna dos segmentos tópicos mínimos, intratópico, como no plano da articulação desses segmentos entre si, intertópico, movimentos que sinalizam a construção textual, relacionados a diversos aspectos do processo interacional. / Abstract: In this work, I investigate the integration of facts formulativos and interactive, in the operation of the text, starting from the analysis of its topical organization. The analysis of the topical organization takes in consideration the identification and delimitation of topical segments and of the procedures for the which those segments are distributed in the sequencing of the text and is recovered hierarchically. The way as the topical segments, level intertopical, and the statements that compose those segments, level intratopical, is linguistically linked in the text surface constitutes the textual-interactive strategy that denominate of topical articulation. I take, then, the topical articulation as a strategy of textual formulation that it presents pragmatic demands, and I detect the mechanisms for the which she is used in different instances of the language, analyzing them as textual-interactive facts. The postulates of the Pragmatic, of the Textual Linguistics of more recent orientation and of the textual-interactive perspective they form the theoretical tripod that guides the work. The data were collected within a corpus constituted of texts selected among spoken, written and intermediate prototypical textual genres: personal letter, opinion article, scientific article, spontaneous conversation, class, lecture, written and spoken interviews and of magazines and televisions report. The results showed that, as mechanisms of topical articulation, discursive markers, referential forms, formulations metadiscursivas, questions and paraphrases are used. This mechanisms accomplish, so much in the plan of the internal constitution of the minimum topical segments, intratopical, as in the plan of the articulation of those segments to each other, intertopical, movements that signal the textual construction, related to several aspects of the process interactive. / Doutor Linguística. Textual-interactive strategy. eng Interaction. eng Text. eng Topical organization. eng
3	成人共讀策略對兒童繪本閱讀理解歷程影響之眼動研究 / Effects of adult interactive strategies on young children’s reading comprehension: an eye movement study 張雅嵐 Unknown Date (has links) 繪本共讀對學前及低年級兒童而言，因可同時增加兒童閱讀的經驗以及閱讀能力，故十分受到重視。過去文獻亦指出成人與兒童進行繪本共讀，確實能促進兒童的讀寫萌發能力，惟成人運用何種策略的助益較大，尚未有結論。閱讀最重要的目的在理解，然過往繪本共讀研究的焦點主要集中於繪本共讀對聲韻覺識等解碼能力的效果，較少觸及繪本共讀對兒童理解能力的影響，更少討論推論理解等較高層次的理解歷程，是否會影響兒童在繪本共讀時的表現。本研究旨在探究成人不同的共讀策略以及不同閱讀理解層次的內容，是否會對兒童繪本閱讀歷程產生影響？實驗一操弄提問式與評述式兩種共讀策略，並以眼動儀(Eye Tracker)觀察記錄大班與小一兒童在共讀繪本時的眼動表現。結果顯示提問式策略對大班兒童注視目標圖區的引導功能較評述式策略強，但評述式策略則較提問式策略更能引導兒童凝視目標字區。大班兒童在不同策略時的眼動與語音對應性，在不同區域的差異相反，顯示圖畫與文字兩種區域，在繪本閱讀的歷程中，可能扮演不同的角色、提供不同的訊息。實驗二進一步將成人與兒童的互動內容分為文義與推論理解兩不同閱讀理解層次，討論不同的共讀策略及閱讀理解層次對小一兒童的繪本共讀是否有所影響。結果同樣發現提問式策略可引導兒童注視目標圖區，而評述式策略則有助兒童凝視目標字區。在不同閱讀理解層次的影響上，則發現推論理解層次時，評述組兒童注視目標圖區時間高於文義理解；而文義理解層次的內容，對引導提問與評述兩組兒童注視目標字區的幫助則高於推論理解層次。惟語音對應凝視時間的指標，反映出評述組兒童目標字區推論理解的對應凝視比例高於文義理解，與凝視時間比例之策略差異相反。評述組兒童在推論理解層次的內容時，凝視目標圖區的時間比例顯著高於文義理解，在文字區域文義理解高於推論理解的差異亦達顯著，顯示不同層次的閱讀理解內涵，確實會影響兒童看圖看文的眼動表現，故推知圖畫與文字兩區域，其資訊本質並不相同。而推論理解在目標字區的語音對應凝視比例高於文義理解的結果，則代表推論理解較文義理解更能引導兒童在繪本共讀時的注意力，並有機會使兒童可整合圖畫與文字兩類資訊。文獻指出單純聆聽成人唸誦繪本內容，不針對內容加以明確的引導與互動，並不會對兒童的讀寫萌發能力有顯著的幫助。本研究進一步發現成人運用提問與評述等不同策略，及不同閱讀理解層次的互動內容，可分別引導兒童注視繪本畫面上不同的區域，使兒童在閱讀歷程中獲取推論或文義理解所需之不同訊息。因此，進行繪本共讀的活動時，成人或教育工作者應選擇適合的互動策略、設計不同理解層次的互動內容，並依據不同的互動與教學目的交替使用，以使繪本共讀對兒童的閱讀理解歷程發揮最大的功效。 / Since benefits of shared book reading (SBR) to young children’s emergent literacy have been manifested, numerous studies have emphasized the advantage of SBR to children’s decoding ability (e.g. phonological awareness).Even though the most important purpose of reading is comprehension, research which focus on the effects of SBR to comprehension ability is still scarce, and especially so for studies which discuss the relationship between SBR and higher level comprehension ability (e.g. inferential comprehension). The influence of adult’s interactive strategies on children’s reading comprehension is also indistinct too. The present study investigated the effects of adults’ interactive strategies and comprehension levels of interactive content on children’s comprehension process during SBR, which was reflected by the eye movement data. Experiment 1 compared reading behaviors of preschool and first-grade children under question versus comment strategies. Experiment 2 explored the effects of comprehension level of adult’s interactive content and interactive strategies on first-graders. Results of experiment 1 and 2 revealed that the question strategy drew preschoolers’ attention to target picture area (critical for story comprehension), while the comment strategy guided it to word area. Moreover, children paid more attention to target picture area in the inferential condition than the literal one and the data on target word showed the opposite pattern. Results confirm that adults’ explicit references during SBR can attract children’s attention to different areas on shared book, and thus enhance respective aspects of the comprehension process. Therefore, using interactive strategies and interactive content with high comprehension level contribute more to children’s literacy and comprehension development than simply reading to them. 兒童繪本閱讀繪本共讀策略閱讀理解層次眼動 shared book reading interactive strategy comprehension level eye movements
4	An investigation into the integration of qualitative and quantitative techniques for addressing systemic complexity in the context of organisational strategic decision-making McLucas, Alan Charles, Civil Engineering, Australian Defence Force Academy, UNSW January 2001 (has links) System dynamics modelling has been used for around 40 years to address complex, systemic, dynamic problems, those often described as wicked. But, system dynamics modelling is not an exact science and arguments about the most suitable techniques to use in which circumstances, continues. The nature of these wicked problems is investigated through a series of case studies where poor situational awareness among stakeholders was identified. This was found to be an underlying cause for management failure, suggesting need for better ways of recognising and managing wicked problem situations. Human cognition is considered both as a limitation and enabler to decision-making in wicked problem environments. Naturalistic and deliberate decision-making are reviewed. The thesis identifies the need for integration of qualitative and quantitative techniques. Case study results and a review of the literature led to identification of a set of principles of method to be applied in an integrated framework, the aim being to develop an improved way of addressing wicked problems. These principles were applied to a series of cases in an action research setting. However, organisational and political barriers were encountered. This limited the exploitation and investigation of cases to varying degrees. In response to a need identified in the literature review and the case studies, a tool is designed to facilitate analysis of multi-factorial, non-linear causality. This unique tool and its use to assist in problem conceptualisation, and as an aid to testing alternate strategies, are demonstrated. Further investigation is needed in relation to the veracity of combining causal influences using this tool and system dynamics, broadly. System dynamics modelling was found to have utility needed to support analysis of wicked problems. However, failure in a particular modelling project occurred when it was found necessary to rely on human judgement in estimating values to be input into the models. This was found to be problematic and unacceptably risky for sponsors of the modelling effort. Finally, this work has also identified that further study is required into: the use of human judgement in decision-making and the validity of system dynamics models that rely on the quantification of human judgement. accidents adaptive toolbox Black Hawk business process re-engineering bounded rationality BPR CATWOE causality causal loop diagram cognition complexity complex strategic problems cognitive mapping combat training centre concept mapping decision-making decision support systems defence preparedness double loop learning dynamic behaviour dynamic complexity feedback feedback loop feedback structure helicopter crash heuristic influence diagram IISD learning Katie Bender knowledge managerial cognition defence materiel naturalistic decision making project management qualitative modelling quantitative modelling recognition-primed decision making risk risk management root definition Royal Canberra Hospital situation awareness soft systems methodology strategy strategy development system dynamics front-end tool system dynamics modelling systems theory systems thinking systemic problems wicked problems
5	An investigation into the integration of qualitative and quantitative techniques for addressing systemic complexity in the context of organisational strategic decision-making McLucas, Alan Charles, Civil Engineering, Australian Defence Force Academy, UNSW January 2001 (has links) System dynamics modelling has been used for around 40 years to address complex, systemic, dynamic problems, those often described as wicked. But, system dynamics modelling is not an exact science and arguments about the most suitable techniques to use in which circumstances, continues. The nature of these wicked problems is investigated through a series of case studies where poor situational awareness among stakeholders was identified. This was found to be an underlying cause for management failure, suggesting need for better ways of recognising and managing wicked problem situations. Human cognition is considered both as a limitation and enabler to decision-making in wicked problem environments. Naturalistic and deliberate decision-making are reviewed. The thesis identifies the need for integration of qualitative and quantitative techniques. Case study results and a review of the literature led to identification of a set of principles of method to be applied in an integrated framework, the aim being to develop an improved way of addressing wicked problems. These principles were applied to a series of cases in an action research setting. However, organisational and political barriers were encountered. This limited the exploitation and investigation of cases to varying degrees. In response to a need identified in the literature review and the case studies, a tool is designed to facilitate analysis of multi-factorial, non-linear causality. This unique tool and its use to assist in problem conceptualisation, and as an aid to testing alternate strategies, are demonstrated. Further investigation is needed in relation to the veracity of combining causal influences using this tool and system dynamics, broadly. System dynamics modelling was found to have utility needed to support analysis of wicked problems. However, failure in a particular modelling project occurred when it was found necessary to rely on human judgement in estimating values to be input into the models. This was found to be problematic and unacceptably risky for sponsors of the modelling effort. Finally, this work has also identified that further study is required into: the use of human judgement in decision-making and the validity of system dynamics models that rely on the quantification of human judgement. accidents adaptive toolbox Black Hawk business process re-engineering bounded rationality BPR CATWOE causality causal loop diagram cognition complexity complex strategic problems cognitive mapping combat training centre concept mapping decision-making decision support systems defence preparedness double loop learning dynamic behaviour dynamic complexity feedback feedback loop feedback structure helicopter crash heuristic influence diagram IISD learning Katie Bender knowledge managerial cognition defence materiel naturalistic decision making project management qualitative modelling quantitative modelling recognition-primed decision making risk risk management root definition Royal Canberra Hospital situation awareness soft systems methodology strategy strategy development system dynamics front-end tool system dynamics modelling systems theory systems thinking systemic problems wicked problems

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