This thesis deals with the identification of useful data in lawful interception. First part summarizes the standards related to computer networks and lawful intercepts. Next part of the project focuses mainly on the HTTP application protocol, which is described in version 1.1. The work also specifies the classes into which the data traffic can be divided according to the importance to law enforcement agency. It introduces several methods of distribution of data streams into the proposed classes. Finally, the implementation of this methods has been tested for usability in network lines used today.

Lawful interception and the way it is performed have played a significant role in the effectiveness of this type of communication monitoring. Although the secrecy of interception and the related equipment are supposed to provide correct information to a law enforcement agency, there are some countermeasures that can be taken by the subject that can seriously undermine the collection of correct and accurate data. This thesis project attempts to identify the problems that exist for interception of telephony (be it fixed, mobile, or via the Internet). Moreover, there are some suggestions for improvements how lawful interception should be performed in order to avoid possible attacks that could decrease the credibility of the intercepted data. Numerous publications (in print or distributed on the Internet) have described weaknesses in the current state of the art lawful interception when using equipment that can be purchased in the market. This thesis presents improvements in how LI can be conducted in order to avoid these vulnerabilities. Additionally, there is a description of the key escrow systems and the possibility of avoiding one of their most significant vulnerabilities. The main problem of the lawful interception is the rapid changes in telecommunications and the complicated architecture of the telecommunication networks, as both make monitoring vulnerable to specific countermeasures. An analysis of how lawful interception can take place and current countermeasures for lawful interception of Internet telephony are vital in order to identify the problems in carrying out such intercepts today and to make suggestions for improvements. This topic is especially relevant given the current Swedish “FRA lagen” regarding interception of electronic communication going into, out of, and through Sweden. Not only is it important to understand how lawful interception can be performed or prevented, but it is also important to understand how information obtained from lawful interception could be purposely misleading or falsified.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(地球環境学) / 甲第22678号 / 地環博第199号 / 新制||地環||39(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院地球環境学舎地球環境学専攻 / (主査)教授 勝見 武, 教授 三村 衛, 准教授 高井 敦史 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Global Environmental Studies / Kyoto University / DFAM

Cette thèse démontre l'importance des informations réseau inter-couche pour les applications réseaux. Cette dissertation présente une nouvelle architecture de contrôle d'accès dans laquelle le contrôleur est mutualisé dans le Cloud. Cette architecture permet d'adresser un marché clé pour des clients ne pouvant acheter du matériel spécialisé. Plusieurs verrous techniques ont du être résolus pour pouvoir implémenter cette architecture, en effet les informations du réseau privé ne sont plus disponible au niveau du contrôleur ce qui l'empêche de correctement contrôler l'activité des utilisateurs. Une première implémentation est présentée dans le chapitre 2, elle utilise des équipements spécialisés capable d'interagir avec le contrôleur centralisé. Cette implémentation comportant des faiblesses, nous nous sommes intéressés à une approche par réseaux logiciels. Une solution innovante pour partager des informations inter-couche à l'extérieur d'un réseau SDN est présentée dans le chapitre 3. Elle permet d'intercepter et de modifier des flux de données utilisateurs à la volée afin de transmettre des informations à l'intérieur de la couche applicative. Cette solution a été implémentée dans le contrôleur OpenDaylight et montre des résultats très encourageants. Couplée au contrôleur centralisé, cette solution permet de fournir une solution complète de contrôle d'accès réseau qui est simple à déployer et configurer et extensible aisément. / This thesis presents the importance of cross-layer network information for network applications in the context of network access control. The dissertation exposes a novel architecture in which a network access controller is mutualized in the Cloud. This architecture allows to address a key market segment for clients unwilling to buy expensive hardware to control their network. Multiple challenges come into play when hosting the controller remotely. Indeed cross-layer information are no longer available which prevents the controller from correctly controlling users activity. A first implementation to share cross-layer information is presented in chapter 2. It leverages specialized session border controllers to send these data in the application protocol, here HTTP. Then chapter 3 presents an innovative solution for the cross-layering problem which allows to intrumentalize network flows with SDN protocols. The solution focuses on a web portal redirection but is extendable to any kind of protocols. The implementation permits to intercept and modify flows in order to input cross-layer data within another network protocol. This solution was implemented in the OpenDaylight OpenFlow controller and shows great results. The mutualized approach coupled with the SDN cross-layer framework allow to build flexible networks with almost no configuration of on-site equipments. The central network controller reduces the overal cost of the solution by being mutualized among multiple clients. Moreover, having the ability to intrumentalize network traffic in software allows to implement any kind of custom behavior on the runtime.

Rainfall interception is one mechanism by which tree canopies can reduce surface runoff in urban areas. The objectives of this research were to: 1) quantify rainfall interception by urban tree canopies, and 2) determine the influence of vegetation and microenvironmental factors on rainfall interception rates. In the city of Denton, Texas, 30 mature post oak (Quercus stellata) and blackjack oak (Quercus marilandica) trees were selected for study. Trees were assigned to one of three categories: clusters of trees on greenspace (CG), isolated trees on greenspace (IG), and isolated trees surrounded by pavement (IP). Throughfall (the volume of water that travels through the canopy and reaches the soil surface) collectors were placed beneath these trees and rainfall collectors were placed in nearby open areas. Throughfall and rainfall were collected daily from 19 March to 4 July. Interception was calculated as the difference between throughfall and gross rainfall. Over the study period, there were 27 days with measurable rainfall; daily rainfall ranged from 1-51 mm. Over the sampling period, rainfall interception for individual trees ranged from -10% to 49%, indicating high spatial variability in interception. Percent interception was highest for the CG treatment (22.7 ± 3.8 SE), intermediate for IG (27.4 ± 2.3 SE), and lowest for IP (9.1 ± 4.9 SE). Factors like wind exposure, wind-driven rain and overall tree health may help explain this variability. This research will contribute to our knowledge of hydrological fluxes in urban areas and the role of urban green infrastructure in stormwater runoff mitigation.

京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(農学) / 甲第24662号 / 農博第2545号 / 新制||農||1098(附属図書館) / 学位論文||R5||N5443(農学部図書室) / 京都大学大学院農学研究科森林科学専攻 / (主査)教授 小杉 緑子, 教授 北山 兼弘, 教授 北島 薫 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Agricultural Science / Kyoto University / DGAM

La pratique du «sans labour» (NT) se développe dans le cadre de l’agriculture de conservation des sols. Cette pratique modifie nombre de propriétés du sol comme, par exemple, la répartition du phosphore (P) dans le profil du sol. L’objectif de cette thèse est d’analyser les impacts après plusieurs décennies du NT sur le cycle biogéochimique du P et d’intégrer ces effets dans un modèle de fonctionnement. Nous avons utilisé un essai au champ de longue durée sous maïs-soja (L’Acadie, Québec, Canada) implanté sur un sol argilo-limoneux. Le dispositif était un split-plot à 4 blocs avec mouldboard plough (MP) et sans labour (NT), subdivisés par 3 doses de fertilisation en P minéral [0 (0P), 17.5 (0.5P), 35 (1P) kg P ha-1] apportées sur le maïs et localisées à 5 cm de profondeur et à 5 cm du rang de maïs.La concentration des ions phosphates du sol (Cp) test était relativement uniforme dans la couche labourée (0-20 cm) (0.08 mg P L-1), puis baissait légèrement dans 20-30 cm (0.05 mg P L-1) et davantage au-delà (0.01 mg P L-1). Sous les traitements [NT, 0.5P] et [NT, 1P] traitements, le Cp était plus élevé dans la couche 0-10 cm (0.28 et 0.19 mg P L-1) que dans la couche labourée mais baissait rapidement avec la profondeur. Cette stratification verticale sous NT était également observée pour les teneurs en P-Olsen, P-M3 et autres nutriments comme C, N et K. Après 23 et 24 années d’essai, il y avait tendanciellement moins de racines du maïs sous NT (-14%) que sous MP, probablement à cause de la présence plus importante d’adventices sous NT. Pour le soja, il y avait beaucoup plus de racines dans la couche 0-10 cm sous NT (44% de longueur total) que sous MP (21%) et inversement dans la couche 10-20 cm. Ces différences de distribution des racines sous NT et MP correspondent à la stratification de N, P, et K.Cet ensemble de données sur la distribution des racines et du phosphore a été utilisé pour i) évaluer un modèle 1D décrivant la dynamique du P sur plusieurs décennies dans la couche labourée du sol, ii) proposer un mode d’estimation de la distribution du prélèvement dans le profil de sol, et iii) développer un modèle spatialisé 2D décrivant la dynamique du P pour le traitement sans labour. Ce modèle permet de simuler l’évolution de la disponibilité en P du sol sur le long terme quels que soient les modes de préparation du sol et le régime de fertilisation P. Même si le modèle surestime parfois la disponibilité en P à proximité de la zone fertilisée, il permet de prédire la stratification du P du sol en NT et ses conséquences sur le prélèvement de P en relation avec les propriétés du sol et le développement du système racinaire. Il pourra contribuer à améliorer le raisonnement de la fertilisation phosphatée dans le contexte du sans-labour. / The no-till (NT) is gaining great attention for soil preparation. This practice modifies number of soil properties such as the distribution of phosphorus (P) in the soil profile. This work aims to analyze the impacts on the biogeochemical P cycle after decades of NT and incorporate those effects in an operational model. We used a long-term field experiment under corn-soybean rotation established on a clay loam soil (L’Acadie, Quebec, Canada). The design was a split-plot plan with 4 blocks under moldboard plough (MP) and NT, subdivided by 3 doses of P [0 (0P), 17.5 (0.5P), 35 (1P) kg P ha-1] applied in corn phase and localized to 5-cm deep and 5-cm from the corn row.The phosphate ion concentration in MP was relatively constant (0.08 mg P L-1) in the tilled layer (0-20 cm), slightly lower in 20-30 cm (0.05 mg P L-1) and much lower below (0.01 mg P L-1). In [NT, 0.5P] and [NT, 1P] plots, Cp was higher (0.28 et 0.19 mg P L-1) in the 0-10 cm layer compared to the tilled layer in MP, but decreased sharply with depth. This vertical stratification in NT was also observed for P-Olsen, P-M3 and other nutrients as C, N, and K. After 23- and 24-year of experimentation, maize roots tended to be fewer (-14%) under NT than MP, probably because of increased weed infestation under NT. For soybean, more roots accumulated in the 0-10 cm layer under NT (44% of total length) than MP (21%) and vice versa for the 10-20 cm layer. Those differences in root distribution under NT and MP corresponded to the stratification of N, P, and K.This set of data on the distribution of roots and phosphorus was used i) to develop a 1D model describing P dynamics over several decades in MP, ii) to test a method to assess the spatial P uptake distribution according local root length density and soil P availability, and iii) to develop a spatial 2D model describing P dynamic in NT. This model simulates the soil P availability dynamic on long term according soil properties and crop root distribution within soil profile for different soil preparation regime and different P fertilization rate. Although the model overestimates the P availability near the localized P fertilizer, it is able to predict the soil P stratification in NT treatment and its consequences on crop P uptake. This new model will be a useful tool to improve P fertilization management in context of no-till practices.

Interception and Recording of the Telecommunication Operation Diploma thesis, Hana Valentová, 2013 Abstract This thesis describes legislation of two criminal procedure institutes: the interception and recording of telecommunication operation and the data identification of telecommunication traffic. These institutes are covered in the Code of Criminal Procedure. Purpose of this thesis is to analyze this legislation considering protection of human rights and suggest possible improvements of this legislation, which would prevent inappropriate interventions to human rights, particularly personal privacy. The thesis is composed of introduction, conclusion and five chapters. Introduction explains basic issues of this topic. Primarily it concerns relation between these institutes and human rights and general requirements on such legislation given by The Charter of Fundamental Rights and Freedoms. Subsequently, it describes structure and basic aims of this thesis and secondary sources. Chapter One explains history of development of these institutes. It consists of two subchapters. The first subchapter is concerned with the section 88 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, which governs the interception and recording of telecommunication operation. The second subchapter contains relating institute of the data...

Os sistemas de integração lavoura-pecuária-floresta estão sendo difundidos por todo o território nacional como medida de atenuação dos impactos causados pelo monocultivo e como estratégia de recuperação de pastagens degradadas. Inúmeras vantagens do sistema são apontadas, no entanto, a inclusão de espécies arbóreas modifica a qualidade e a quantidade da luz disponível para o pasto, provocando alteração no seu padrão de crescimento (vertical e horizontal) e produção de forragem. Partindo da hipótese que em um sistema silvipastoril o dossel arbóreo irá determinar a quantidade e a qualidade de luz disponível para o sub-bosque e, assim, influenciar a dinâmica de crescimento e ocupação da área pelo capim-piatã manejado sob pastejo rotativo utilizando metas de interceptação luminosa (IL) prépastejo, o objetivo deste trabalho foi quantificar e descrever as respostas morfogênicas, o padrão de perfilhamento e os processos de ocupação horizontal de Brachiaria brizantha cv BRS Piatã [(Hochst. ex A. Rich.) Stapf. syn. Urochloa brizantha cv. BRS Piatã (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) R.D. Webster] em sistema ILPF de dezembro de 2013 a julho de 2014. O estudo foi desenvolvido por meio de três experimentos realizados de forma concomitante para avaliar três regimes de luz: (1) capim-piatã cultivado em área livre de árvores (pleno sol; PS); (2) sombreamento gerado por meio de fileiras duplas de Eucalipto nas bordaduras dos piquetes (S1); e (3) sombreamento gerado por meio de quatro renques de fileiras triplas de Eucalipto dispostos dentro dos piquetes de forma alternada com porções de pasto (S2). Os regimes de luz S1 e S2 foram divididos em duas faixas de sombra (central e lateral) para descrição da variação da luz dentro dos piquetes. O período experimental foi dividido em três períodos de avaliação em função do índice pluviométrico registrado. Para estudar a influência das árvores sobre a medição de IL, o regime S2 foi manejado utilizando-se dois métodos de tomada da leitura de referência da luz incidente: leitura dentro (sob a copa das árvores) e fora (ausência de árvores) da área experimental. O aumento na densidade de árvores provocou redução na radiação fotossinteticamente ativa (RFA) de 37 e 12% nas faixas lateral e central em S1 (181 árvores.ha-1) e de 53 e 49% para as faixas lateral e central em S2 (718 árvores. ha-1). O sombreamento influenciou praticamente todas as variáveis-resposta avaliadas, resultando em redução do perímetro médios das touceiras (50%), aumento da frequência de touceiras pequenas (perímetro < 30 cm), diminuição da frequência de touceiras grandes (perímetro > 61 cm), diminuição da densidade populacional (35%) e estabilidade da população de perfilhos (6%), aumento das taxas de alongamento de folhas (16%) e de colmos (594%) e em área foliar específica (40%). O método da leitura de referência para avaliação de IL resultou em maior comprimento de folhas (14%) e de colmos (37%) quando as leituras foram feitas dentro comparativamente a fora da área experimental. Pastos sombreados alteram seu padrão de crescimento e ocupação da área como medida para evitar o sombreamento e maximizar a captação de luz, modificações essas importantes para planejar e definir metas de manejo do pastejo em áreas de ILPF. / Crop-livestock-forest systems are becoming increasingly popular in Brazil as a means of attenuating the impact of monoculture and to aid in the recovery of degraded grassland areas. Several advantages of this technique have been highlighted, but the inclusion of trees impacts the quantity and the quality of the light available for forage plants growing beneath them, resulting in changes in forage growth (horizontal and vertical) and in herbage production. Based on the hypothesis that in a silvipastoral system the tree canopy determines the quantity and the quality of the light available for forage plants growing below, and that this affects forage growth dynamics and horizontal spreading in rotationally grazed Piatã brachiariagrass managed using pre-grazing light interception targets during regrowth, the objective of this study was to evaluate the morphogenetic responses, tillering, and horizontal growth of Brachiaria brizantha cv. Piatã [(Hochst. ex A. Rich.) Stapf. syn. Urochloa brizantha cv. BRS Piatã (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) R.D. Webster] in a crop-livestock- forest integration area from December 2013 to July 2014. The study comprised three simultaneous experiments to evaluate three light regimes: (1) Piatã brachiariagrass cultivated in the absence of trees (full natural light; PS); (2) shade produced by a double row of Eucaliptus trees on the edges of the paddocks (S1); and (3) shade produced by four triple rows of Eucaliptus with pasture in between them (S2). The S1 and S2 light regimes were divided into two shade strips (central and lateral) in order to describe the variation in light availability within the paddocks and its implications to plant growth. The experimental period was divided in three evaluation periods according to rainfall. In order to evaluate the influence of the trees on the measurement of sward canopy light interception and its implications on grass growth, paddocks under the S2 light regime were managed using two methods for taking the reference readings of the incident light: reading inside (under the tree canopy) and outside (full natural light) the experimental area. The increase in tree density resulted in a 37 and 12% reduction in photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) for the lateral and central shade strips of S1 (181 trees.ha-1) and 53 and 49% for the lateral and central shade strips of S2 (718 trees.ha-1). Higher shading resulted in reduction in average tussock perimeter (50%), increased presence of small tussocks (perimeter < 30 cm), decreased presence of large tussocks (perimeter > 61 cm), decreased tiller population (35%) and stability index (6%), increased leaf (16%) and stem (594%) elongation rates and increased specific leaf area (40%). Differences among light regimes across evaluation periods were small. Leaves were 14% longer and stems were 37% longer when readings were taken inside compared to those taken outside the experimental area. Under the trees, swards change their growth and spreading patterns as a means of minimizing the effects of shading and maximizing light capture. These changes have important implications for planning and defining targets of grazing management in crop-livestock-forest integration areas.

Submitted by Mariana Dornelles Vargas (marianadv) on 2015-05-29T13:47:03Z No. of bitstreams: 1 forca_invasiva.pdf: 1280052 bytes, checksum: 5e295bbe2f790b318f4861ecc276db12 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-29T13:47:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 forca_invasiva.pdf: 1280052 bytes, checksum: 5e295bbe2f790b318f4861ecc276db12 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Nenhuma / O Direito contemporâneo no Brasil, inegavelmente, passa por uma crise no campo processual penal, dada à celeridade das mudanças na sociedade oriundas das novas tecnologias e à política reinante de combater qualquer forma de delito, em especial, as organizações criminosas, a corrupção, os delitos endêmicos sob a bandeira do interesse público. Para tão hercúlea tarefa, nas últimas duas décadas, dezenas de leis foram promulgadas para o enfrentamento dos delitos, bem como adequar o aparato estatal e a máquina do Judiciário. Este estudo ousa analisar o resultado de uma das ferramentas utilizadas para este enfrentamento, v.g., a Lei de Interceptação Telefônica - Lei nº 9.296/1996 -, tendo por referência, os julgados nos Tribunais superiores, cujas ações penais tiveram a utilização da citada lei. Diversas operações policiais de grande vulto ocorreram nestes anos com a prisão de milhares de pessoas e a identidade do Direito Penal e Processual Penal sofreram alterações devido a estas novas leis; ou seja, os Profissionais do Direito tiveram que se adequar à nova visão, não de forma gradual, mas sim rapidamente com o impacto causado. Verificou-se, a duras penas, que nem o Estado, nem os profissionais, nem mesmo o Direito Processual Penal estavam preparados para tanto ante a aplicação da lei infraconstitucional e das premissas constitucionais. Problemas de toda ordem surgiram: perdeu-se a fé no garantismo da lei, Direitos Fundamentais foram aviltados em nome do interesse público, golpeando, por vezes, o Devido Processo Legal. Writs Constitucionais como o Habeas Corpus foram impetrados para fazer valer os Direitos Fundamentais dos envolvidos, resultando em solturas dos presos, anulações de interceptações telefônicas e até de sentenças. Ad exemplum operações como a Nicotina em Foz do Iguaçu; Cevada em Foz do Iguaçu e Rio de Janeiro; Pôr do Sol no Rio Grande do Sul; Têmis em São Paulo; e outras como Pacenas em Mato Grosso; Castelo de Areia em São Paulo e Rio de Janeiro; Sathiagara em São Paulo; Toque de Midas em Mato Grosso. Este estudo faz análise do resultado dos julgados nos Tribunais pátrios, referentes às operações: Norte Câmbio, Nicotina, Pôr do Sol, Castelo de Areia e Sathiagara, com o objetivo de demonstrar os problemas apresentados com a utilização da Lei de interceptação telefônica versus Devido Processo Legal. Considerações sobre Interesse Público, Direitos e Garantias Constitucionais, Devido Processo Legal embasam o estudo, além da análise da Lei nº 9.296/1996. Julgados em sede de Habeas Corpus que versam sobre questões de Direitos Constitucionais em paralelo com a Lei nº 9.296/1996. / The Contemporary Right in Brazil, undeniably, goes through a crisis in the procedural, given the rapidity of changes in society arising from new technologies and the reigning political of combat any form of crime, especially organized crime, corruption, crime endemic under the banner of public interest. For such a Herculean task, the last two decades, dozens of laws have been enacted to confront the crimes and bring the state apparatus and the machinery of justice. This study dares to analyze the result of one of the tools used for this clash, the Telephone Interception Act - Law No. 9.296/1996 - with reference to the trial in the superior courts, whose criminal actions were the use of said statute. Several high-major police operations occurred in recent years with the arrest of thousands of people and identity of the Criminal Law has changed due to these new laws, that is, operators of the law had to fit the new vision, not gradually, but rather quickly with the impact. It was found, the hard way that neither the state nor the professionals, not even the Criminal Procedure Law were prepared to do so against law enforcement and the infra-constitutional premises. All sorts of problems arose: lost faith in the guarantee of law, fundamental rights have been vilified in the public interest, striking, sometimes the Due Process of Law. Constitutional Writs and Habeas Corpus have been filed to enforce the fundamental rights of those involved, resulting in releases of prisoners, cancellation of telephone intercepts and even sentences. Ad exemplum operations such as nicotine in Foz do Iguacu, Barley in Foz do Iguaçu and Rio de Janeiro; Sundown in Rio Grande do Sul; Themis in São Paulo; Pacenas in Mato Grosso; Sand Castle in São Paulo; Sathiagara in São Paulo; Midas Touch in Mato Grosso.This study is based on analysis of the results of operations of the patriots courts: North Exchange, Nicotine, Sundown, Sand Castle, Sathiagara in order to demonstrate these problems presented with the use of Law interception versus Due Process of Law. Considerations of Public Interest, Rights and Constitutional Guarantees Due Process of Law, underlying the study, as well as analysis of Law No. 9.296/1996. Tried in place of Habeas Corpus that deal with questions of Rights and Constitutional in parallel with the Law No. 9.296/1996.