EDI står för elektroniskt utbyte av data från dator till dator och sker mellan kända affärspartners. När EDI införs i en relation mellan två organisationer anses relationen bli mer komplex än tidigare. Syftet med detta arbete är därför att undersöka hur EDI påverkar interorganisatoriska relationer. Undersökningen utförs genom att studera affärsrelationerna mellan en offentlig förvaltning och tre av dess leverantörer. I dessa relationer studeras speciellt hur förhandlingsstyrkan, flexibiliteten och tillförlitligheten har påverkats av att EDI har börjat användas för den offentliga förvaltningens inköpsprocess. De slutsatser som dras är att de undersökta faktorerna förändras i takt med att EDI blir alltmer integrerat i affärsrelationerna. Initialt byggs vissa omställningskostnader upp, som ökar leverantörernas förhandlingsstyrka. När EDI-kommunikationen fungerar kan kunden komma att öka sin förhandlingsstyrka på grund av bättre informationsdelning och något större inköpsvolymer hos leverantören. Flexibiliteten har ännu inte förändrats nämnvärt, medan tillförlitligheten i leveranserna har ökat till följd av EDI.

Magister Commercii - MCom / Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) plays an important role in improving organizational competitiveness. Information technology has been instrumental in integrating functional areas within and outside firms. This research used empirical evidence to evaluate the state of EDI in the in the willingness of SME's to connect electronically to a large distribution centre in South Africa. Furthermore, it investigated the EDI adoption rate from the viewpoint of a small business. Many such businesses feel coerced by larger trade partners to adopt EDI or lose the customer. / South Africa

South Africa is faced with a situation where-by the general public has a negative perception of public transport. It is a fact that generally the lower income employees use public transport to get to work and back, whether it is buses, taxis, or trains. In the past, the combination of users and misinformed planning philosophies led to interchanges/ranks that were un-user friendly, and uninviting. However, the South African government has embarked upon a campaign to make public transport the heartbeat of the South African economy, and to improve the general public perception. Along with the hosting of the 2010 Soccer World Cup, the country finds itself under pressure to implement a safe, efficient, and user-friendly public transport system. This dissertation investigates means and principles of designing functional interchanges that incorporate civic activity and participation. Beyond Function seeks to recapture the social dimension of transport interchanges since; these are the converging or meeting spaces and gateways into the cities, there exists a need to be celebrated. The philosophical orientation is towards commuter convenient facilities, thus heightening the spirit of travel. / Dissertation (MArch (Prof))--University of Pretoria, 2007. / Architecture / unrestricted

Contemporarily, one of the major business demands is to extensively understand the impact of technology on the major business strategies and practices. Technologicalship marketing, a concept investigated in this study, emanates from a symbiosis of technology and relationship marketing. Per se, a prevalent area of debate pertains to whether technology promotes or constrains relationships. Outstandingly, this study pursued the technologicalship marketing concept, a new and vital 21st century suggestion in literature (Zineldin, 2000:16). Secondly, against the scarcity of empirical studies in mass marketing environments, the study at hand focused on retail banking client relationships. Lastly, the proposed meta-construct hypothetical model is an essential relationship marketing instrument. The proposed model consists of four major relationship marketing construct categories, namely, personal contact, customer retention, customer switching and relational exchange. At the hand of these constructs, the research primarily aimed to determine the impact of technology on client relationships in e-banking with the focus of closing the gap prevalent in literature on whether technology constraints or supports relationship marketing. The study focused on retail banking client relationships of the four major commercial banks in East London, Eastern Cape, South Africa. A survey was conducted of a sample of 200 clients selected using the convenience sampling method. The study hypothesised that technology is resulting in more transactional than relationship marketing in retail banking by constraining social constructions, customer retention and relational exchange, whilst, promoting customer switching mobility. Through the GLM regression analysis method, findings of the study established that technology was to a larger extent supporting relationship marketing. However, it is envisaged that technology is resulting in the disappearance of human contact which is a critical aspect of relationships. Conclusively, the researcher recommended that the only plausible strategy is to endeavour to integrate the human aspect at self-service podiums e.g. mounting of staff at ATM points, which most banks have been doing.

We consider two game-theoretic settings to determine the optimal values of an issuer's interchange fee rate, an acquirer's merchant discount rate, and a merchant's retail prices for multiple products in a credit card network. In the first setting, we investigate a two-stage game problem in which the issuer and the acquirer first negotiate the interchange fee rate, and the acquirer and the retailer then determine their merchant discount rate and retail prices, respectively. In the second setting, motivated by the recent U.S. bill "H.R. 2695," we develop a three-player cooperative game in which the issuer, the acquirer, and the merchant form a grand coalition and bargain over the interchange fee rate and the merchant discount rate. Following the cooperative game, the retailer makes its retail pricing decisions. We derive both the Shapley value- and the nucleolus-characterized unique rates for the grand coalition. Comparing the two game settings, we show that the participation of the merchant in the negotiation process can result in the reduction of both rates. Moreover, the stability of the grand coalition in the cooperative game setting may require that the merchant should delegate the credit card business only to the issuer and the acquirer with sufficiently low operation costs. We also find that the large, highly-specialized merchants and banks are more likely to join the cooperative negotiation whereas the small firms may prefer the two-stage game setting. Our numerical experiments demonstrate that the acquirer's and the issuer's unit operation costs more significantly impact both rates in the cooperative game setting than in the two-stage game setting.

This master thesis deals with alteration of intersection of roads I/43 and II/150 near Boskovice, with focus on safety. Aim of the thesis was to decrease accident frequency in this location, while keeping the traffic fluent. First step was the evaluation of recorded speed and intensity on this crossroad and comparing it to the causes of accidents. Second step was to design solutions for this crossroad, and for one of these solutions was developed a design documentation.

Diplomová práce se zabývá zdokumentováním procesů implemetace a podpory komunikační metody EDI a navržením zlepšení těchto procesů v prostředí softwarové firmy, která tuto službu nabízí jako svůj product.

This thesis processes a study of grade separated junction „Kuřim“ on expressway R43. The aim of this thesis is to find the solution of connection road II/385 and planned R43 expressway. The interchange is located between the cities Kuřim and Čebín. Construction of northern bypass of Kuřim and usage of this bypass as a connection between R43 and Brno city, before whole R43 is build, is the assumption of this thesis. Thats why solution of the junction forsees the construction and operation in two phases.

This master’s thesis deals with drawing Winter change to replace an existing capacity-inconvenient crossroad. This crossroad is located near by city Kuřim and it has free branchs – II/386 connecting on theroad I/43.Thisinterchangesolvesconnectionfromthaplanned bypass of the city Kuřim. This by-pass road will connect to road R43. An precondition preservativ of the existing road I/43 in the current position to get drawing of the innterchasecheaper. Intersection is designed to enable branching in all directions crossing.

The aim of this Master's thesis is design of possible modifications of crossroad I/55 and II/432, primarily with focus on capacity and safety. The first part of this thesis is dealing with measurement and evaluation of current traffic intensities, and capacity calculations of suggested design modifications. The second part of the thesis consists of detailed project of one design modification (diamond interchange) for documentation for construction permit.