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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
121

Intergroup attitudes and competition over limited resources

Major, Kasia 29 September 2006 (has links)
According to realistic conflict theory (RCT), people develop negative attitudes towards others as a result of competition with those others over limited resources. I hypothesized that participants would change their opinions of others in a greater negative direction if those others were competitive in resource use than if those others are cooperative. Additionally, I hypothesized that the participants' own resource use would influence how they changed their opinions of the others. Participants were asked to complete a ten-item trait-rating questionnaire before and after competing in a simulated fishing environment against a simulated group that fished either a little (cooperative opponent) or a lot (competitive opponent). As predicted, when fishing against competitive opponents, participants changed their ratings in a more negative direction than when fishing against cooperative opponents. In addition, participants' own fishing behaviour influenced some of their rating shifts. I discuss an alternative explanation of the results as based on group identity processes (Tajfel & Turner, 1979), and suggest that the effects of such processes should be directly compared with competition over resources in the same study. Limitations of the study are discussed along with potential solutions.
122

En bättre värld genom faith? : En studie om hur organisationen DIAN Interfidei arbetar för att skapa fredliga relationer i Indonesien / A better world through faith? : A study about how the organization DIAN Interfidei    works to pursue peaceful relations in Indonesia

Wåhlstedt, Emma January 2014 (has links)
En bättre värld genom faith? En studie om hur organisationen DIAN Interfidei arbetar för att skapa fredliga relationer i Indonesien [A better world through faith? A study about how the organization DIAN Interfidei works to pursue peaceful relations in Indonesia]. The aim of this study has been to analyze how an Indonesian NGO called DIAN Interfidei works with peacebuilding through faith in order to bring harmony between the various ethnic and religious groups of people that inhabits the nation. Through interviews and the study of Interfideis own source-material could their methods and problems be explored, and later on related to contemporary research in the field of conflict-resolution and peace-making. The conclusions that could be drawn from this study is that Interfidei primarily targets two specific groups (teachers of religion in schools and future religious leaders) in their programmes, because these groups in turn have the potential to affect several people in their own work. So although Interfidei cannot influence the whole of Indonesia because of their limited resources, the results suggests that they still have the potential of making an important difference, step by step, person by person
123

Social identity theory and intergroup attributions

Finchilescu, Gillian January 1991 (has links)
The central proposition of this thesis is that intergroup attributions and explanations, like any other intergroup behaviour, are affected by the perceived relations between the groups. Social Identity Theory (SIT) was adopted as the theoretical framework within which to investigate intergroup relations. According to this theory, intergroup behaviour is affected by the relative status the groups bear to each other, together with the perceived legitimacy and stability of this status hierarchy. The thesis proposes two amendments to the theory. It is argued that perceived legitimacy and perceived stability have different effects on intergroup behaviour and hence can not be subsumed under the general category of "insecure comparisons". It is also suggested that intragroup variability exists in these perceptions. A study was conducted which confirmed these propositions, and predictions emerging from SIT concerning the effect of these perceptions on intergroup behaviour and attitudes received considerable support. In examining the effect of the intergroup perception factors on bias in intergroup attributions, the thesis focuses on two types of groups: race and gender. Three types of attribution were considered in different studies: explanations of intergroup inequality, attributions of blame for rape or robbery and attributions for individual group members' actions and outcomes. The results indicate that the relative status of the groups, together with the perceptions of the legitimacy of this status hierarchy influence the first two - the explanations for inequality and the attributions of blame made to the victim and perpetrator of crimes. In general, it appears that the 'prise de conscience' of the illegitimacy of the intergroup situation is the motivating force in rejecting the domination of the high status group over the low status group, by members of both the high and low status groups. However, the third type of attributions, the intergroup explanations made for individual group members' actions and outcomes were not in general affected by these factors. It was suggested that either the intergroup aspect of these vignettes lacked the salience to elicit an intergroup response, or that the actors in the vignettes were treated as atypical of the groups.
124

Perceived Threats, the Black Sheep Effect, and Sexual Prejudice Against Gay Men

Daboin, Irene 12 August 2014 (has links)
Recently theorists have argued that in-group members might respond more harshly to deviant members of their own group in comparison to deviant members of the out-group. Previous research has provided extensive support for this “black sheep effect”; however, no prior studies have examined how it affects individuals’ attitudes towards sexual minorities, or those perceived as deviating from the heterosexual norm. Numerous factors have been found to be linked to negative attitudes towards sexual minorities, including religious fundamentalism and the traditional male role norm of anti-femininity, and several studies have suggested that intergroup threat theory may serve as a possible explanation for sexual prejudice. The present study examines the association between several known correlates of sexual prejudice and intergroup threat theory, and examines the possible mediating effect of sexual prejudice on the association between anti-femininity, religious fundamentalism, and the “black sheep effect”.
125

The Double-edged Nature of Antigay Prejudice Confrontation: Confronting Antigay Prejudice is Effective but Comes at a Cost

Cadieux, Jonathan 21 November 2012 (has links)
Although confronting prejudice can be effective in reducing bias, it is potentially costly to confronters. Research on confronting racism or sexism has shown confronters from the targeted group are viewed more negatively than confronters who are not. It is unknown whether confronting antigay bias produces similar reactions, particularly since group membership is concealable. In my research, participants read two male profiles followed by a scripted conversation which included an antigay comment. Profiles varied in their depiction of the confronting individual’s sexual orientation, and conversations either included a confrontation or not. I found that confronting antigay bias is double-edged. On the positive side, confrontation increased awareness that prejudice occurred, and this awareness mediated the relation between confrontation viewing and participants’ own intention to confront. On the negative, individuals may be deterred from confronting antigay prejudice because confronters were perceived as more gay (a stigmatized identity), regardless of actual orientation.
126

The Double-edged Nature of Antigay Prejudice Confrontation: Confronting Antigay Prejudice is Effective but Comes at a Cost

Cadieux, Jonathan 21 November 2012 (has links)
Although confronting prejudice can be effective in reducing bias, it is potentially costly to confronters. Research on confronting racism or sexism has shown confronters from the targeted group are viewed more negatively than confronters who are not. It is unknown whether confronting antigay bias produces similar reactions, particularly since group membership is concealable. In my research, participants read two male profiles followed by a scripted conversation which included an antigay comment. Profiles varied in their depiction of the confronting individual’s sexual orientation, and conversations either included a confrontation or not. I found that confronting antigay bias is double-edged. On the positive side, confrontation increased awareness that prejudice occurred, and this awareness mediated the relation between confrontation viewing and participants’ own intention to confront. On the negative, individuals may be deterred from confronting antigay prejudice because confronters were perceived as more gay (a stigmatized identity), regardless of actual orientation.
127

The Power of Social Connections: Feelings of Connectedness Result in Sharing Goals, Emotions, and Intergroup Empathy

Cwir, David January 2011 (has links)
The purpose of the following research was to test the prediction that a sense of social connectedness to a stranger would result in the tendency to share psychological states with him/her. An overview of the literature on state sharing and the psychological merging between other and self is described in Chapter 1. The first test of my prediction is provided in Chapter 2 where I demonstrate that participants who are led to feel socially connected to a confederate--by sharing idiosyncratic preferences in common with her--resulted in the propensity to take on her goals. In Chapter 3, participants who felt connected to a confederate who was asked to complete a stressful speech task experienced more stress themselves. This effect occurred in part through a sense of felt “oneness” with the confederate. Chapter 4 extended these findings by showing that socially connected participants tended to experience secondary appraisal emotions in line with the confederate’s appraisal of the stressful speech task and this occurred through a sense of felt oneness with the confederate. In Chapter 5, participants who felt connected to an outgroup member tended to experience greater empathy for another outgroup member who experienced discrimination. The implications for social interaction in general and for intergroup relations in particular are discussed in Chapter 6.
128

The Spirit and the 'other' : social identity, ethnicity and intergroup reconciliation in Luke-Acts /

Kuecker, Aaron J. January 2008 (has links)
Thesis (Ph.D.) - University of St Andrews, August 2008.
129

Self-monitors' coping strategies in response to an identity threat : self-presentation versus self-protection /

Carroll, Kelly, January 1900 (has links)
Thesis (M.A.)--Carleton University, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 46-52). Also available in electronic format on the Internet.
130

Feeling threatened: affective influence on intergroup threat perception /

Bookalam, David January 1900 (has links)
Thesis (M.A.) - Carleton University, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 55-64). Also available in electronic format on the Internet.

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