There is a growing recognition in design professions that lighting is a significant factor in energy consideration. This has generated an interest in daylighting; the bringing of direct and diffuse daylight into buildings to reduce the use of artificial lighting. Many methods exist for quantifying diffuse daylight distribution for use in the design of buildings, but the methods vary widely both in technique and capability. Moreover, no present method deals with direct daylight (sunshine) distribution. Additionally, none have taken advantage of improvements in computer technology that make feasible more complex mathematical computational models for dealing with direct and diffuse daylight together. This dissertation describes the theoretical development and computer implementation of a new mathematical approach to analyzing the distribution of direct and diffuse daylight. This approach examines light transfer from extraterrestrial space to the inside of a room based on the principles of astrometry, solid geometry, and radiation transfer. This study discusses and analyzes certain aspects critical to develop a mathematical model for evaluating daylight performance and compares the results of the proposed model with 48 scale model studies to determine the validity of using this mathematical model to predict the daylight distribution of a room. Subsequent analysis revealed no significant variation between scale model studies and this computer simulation. Consequently, this mathematical model with the attendant computer program, has demonstrated the ability to predict direct and diffuse daylight distribution. Thus, this approach does indeed have the potential for allowing designers to predict the effect of daylight performance in the schematic design stage. A microcomputer program has been developed to calculate the diffuse daylight distribution. The computation procedures of the program use the proposed mathematical model method. The program was developed with a menu-driven format, where the input data can be easily chosen, stored, and changed to determine the effects of different parameters. Results can be obtained through two formats. One data format provides complete material for analyzing the aperture size and location, glass transmission, reflectance factors, and room orientation. The other provides the graphic displays which represent the illuminance in plan, section, and 3-dimensional contour. The program not only offers a design tool for determining the effects of various daylighting options quickly and accurately in the early design stage, but also presents the daylight distribution with less explanation and with more rapid communication with the clients. The program is written in BASICA language and can be used with the IBM microcomputer system. / Ph. D.

Orientador: Paulo Sérgio Scarazzato / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-19T00:36:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dias_MairaVieira_M.pdf: 6936584 bytes, checksum: aa4b3e39381353699850fa0a121da1f1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: Embora a iluminação natural seja um recurso renovável, limpo e gratuito, coadjuvante da eficiência energética do ambiente construído e promotora do bem-estar e saúde de seus usuários, no Brasil ainda é grande o número de projetos que não a utiliza de modo eficiente, ao que parece, por desconhecimento de seus princípios, recursos e formas de avaliação. Por outro lado, no segmento industrial tem-se observado um cuidado crescente com relação à melhoria das condições do ambiente de trabalho, visando maior produtividade, com respeito ao meio ambiente, mas ainda com pouca atenção ao projeto. O objetivo desta pesquisa é analisar qualitativamente o desempenho dos sistemas de iluminação natural empregados em edifícios industriais na Região Metropolitana de Campinas/SP. A distribuição de luminâncias nos setores de produção de edifícios industriais previamente selecionados foi levantada in loco através de fotografias, com a utilização da técnica de geração de Imagens de Grande Alcance Dinâmico - High Dynamic Range (HDR) convertidas em cores falsas. Na seqüência realizaram-se simulações computacionais para um dia específico sob condição de céu claro com o software DIALux (validado), para fins de comparação com as imagens HDR, uma vez que na situação real não foi possível fazer fotografias somente sob condições de iluminação natural. As condições de céu nas simulações foram as mesmas encontradas quando das visitas às indústrias. Modelo físico para uma das indústrias também foi feito e fotografado com a técnica de imagens HDR a fim de melhor compreensão acerca da distribuição da luz e também com o objetivo de testar a validade do procedimento, não presente na literatura temática sobre iluminação natural. A pesquisa concluiu que os principais problemas relacionados à iluminação natural em setores de produção das indústrias analisadas devem-se aos seguintes fatores: ausência de manutenção dos sistemas para captação da luz natural e falta de integração com o sistema de iluminação artificial, que sinaliza claramente que tais edifícios são concebidos como simples galpões para abrigo das atividades industriais, e não como obra de arquitetura / Abstract: Although daylighting is a renewable resource, clean and costless, support to energy efficiency of a built environment and promoter of wellness state and health, it is not yet used in an efficient way in industrial building design, probably because architects and its clients ignore its principles, resources and possibilities. On the other hand, one notes an increasing interest related to the environment conditions improvement, focused on greater productivity shared with respect to the environment, but yet with few attention to the project. The main goal of this research is to qualitatively analyze in qualitative terms the performance daylighting systems used in industrial buildings at Metropolitan area of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil, in order to diagnosticate them and, eventually to suggest possible design strategies for future buildings of such typology, that could encourage a maximum daylight's quality usage. It includes the industrialization phenomena in Brazil and in the city of Campinas, as well as other daylighting principles applied to industrial buildings. The luminance's distribution in the production area of industrial buildings previously selected was taken by photographs taken in loco, with image's creation of High Dynamic Range (HDR) converted in false colors. After that, computer based sequences were simulated in a specific daylighting condition under clear-sky using DIALux software (validated), in comparison with HDR images, since in a real situation it was not possible to take pictures only under pure daylighting. The sky conditions in the simulations were the same ones that were found when visiting industries. A scale model for one of the industries was made and photographed using HDR images technique in order to have a better understanding about light distribution and also to test the procedure validation, that was not in the thematic literature about daylighting. This research concluded that the main problems related with daylighting in manufacturing areas of the industries analyzed are due to the following factors: lack of maintenance of daylighting capture systems and lack of integration with the artificial lighting system, which clearly states that those buildings are created for simple warehouses to place industrial activities, and not as an architectural building / Mestrado / Arquitetura e Construção / Mestre em Engenharia Civil

The thesis is focused on the problems of illumination of interior space, especially in object in Moravský Písek. The thesis is divided into two parts, where the first part deals in general with the basic quantities and terms which are used in illumination systems. Further, it is about general properties of lights and about general terms of illumination of interiors. The second part is only practical character. At the beginning, there is used manual measurement and modelling to evaluate initial state in program Relux. The measurement is not met in terms of standards. Thanks to the municipal council of Moravský Písek a new lighting system is created, which fully respects the valid normative regulations. Installation of control system of lighting is integrated to proposal, which would result in lower consumption, greater user comfort and greater versatility in the possible use of the object. In the end, there is financial evaluation of illuminating system and comparison classical with led technology.

Pode-se afirmar que o resultado da degradação ambiental causada pelo homem, gerado pelo uso irracional dos recursos naturais, põe em risco sua própria espécie. Um dos fatores que contribuem para este programa é a crescente demanda mundial por energia elétrica. No Brasil, segundo dados do Programa Nacional de Conservação de Energia Elétrica (PROCEL), o consumo de energia se destina, aproximadamente, em 20% à iluminação, cujos sistemas, em sua maioria, fazem uso de tecnologias obsoletas e ineficientes. O Ministério de Minas e Energia estima que o país tenha um imenso potencial de eficiência energética a ser explorado. Apresentam-se neste estudo contribuições para uma metodologia que visa adequar o sistema de iluminação de uma edificação pública destinada ao ensino às exigências da Regulamentação de Etiquetagem Voluntária de Nível de Eficiência Energética de Edifícios Comerciais, de Serviços e Públicos, oriunda da Lei de Eficiência Energética Nº. 10.295/01. Para tanto, foram tomadas como amostra algumas salas de aula da Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Campus Curitiba. Foi elaborado um levantamento sobre a situação do sistema de iluminação artificial existente e averiguado o potencial de uso da iluminação natural nos ambientes. A demanda de energia elétrica para iluminação artificial de cada sala de aula foi estimada para a situação atual e após uma adaptação do sistema de iluminação artificial aos requisitos da Regulamentação. Como resultados, foram encontrados um sistema de iluminação artificial deficiente; um grande potencial de uso da iluminação natural e uma promissora economia na demanda de energia se adaptado o sistema de iluminação atual à Regulamentação. Tendo em vista a utilização de tecnologias apropriadas para a conservação e eficiência energética, sugestões para um projeto luminotécnico foram propostas com o intuito de - caso implantado - diminuir os gastos com o uso da energia destinada à iluminação, proporcionar o conforto para os usuários do Campus e contribuir, ainda que de forma modesta, para a preservação de recursos naturais e do meio ambiente. / The several impacts from environmental degradations due to human activities and to the inadequate use of natural resources endanger our species. One of the factors contributing to this outcome is the growing worldwide demand for electric energy. In Brazil, according to the National Program of Conservation of Energy (Programa Nacional de Conservação de Energia Elétrica) - PROCEL, energy comsumption comprises, approximately, of 20% in artificial lighting, whose systems, in most cases, make use of obsolete and inefficient technologies. The Ministry of Mines and Energy (Ministério de Minas e Energia) estimates that the country has a huge potential for energy efficiency to be explored. In this paper, a methodology is presented to adjust the lighting system of a building aimed at public education to the requeriments of the Regulation of Voluntary Labeling of Higher Energy Efficiency for Commercial, Service and Public Buildings (Regulamentação de Etiquetagem Voluntária de Nível de Eficiência de Edifícios Comerciais, de Serviços e Públicos), according to the Law of Energy Efficiency (Lei de Eficiência Energética) Nº 10.295/01. For that purpose, classrooms of the Federal Technological University of Parana (Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná), Curitiba Campus were analyzed. An assessment was done about the situation of the existing artificial lighting system and the potential use of daylighting in rooms was evaluated. The demand of electric energy for artificial lighting in each classroom was estimated according to the current situation and after improvement of the artificial lighting system to the requirements of regulations. As a result, a deficient artificial lighting system was found, a great potential for using daylighting and a promising economy in demand for energy were found, provided that lighting system was adapted to the current regulations. Considering the use of appropriate technologies for conservation and energy efficiency, suggestions for a simplified lighting design were proposed in order to - if implemented - reduce spending with the use of energy for lighting, provide comfort for the campus users and contribute, even in a modest way, for the preservation of natural resources and the environment.

De senaste 10 åren har utvecklingen av LED öppnat stora möjligheter för kreativa lösningar av belysning. Exempelvis kan färgglad och dynamisk fasadbelysning tillverkas. I denna studie undersöks det hur animerat ljus upplevs och hur det skapas en mjuk och sömlös effekt. Detta kan appliceras i flera olika scenarion av programmering av rörligt ljus. Animerat ljus (animering) genereras med LED-belysning och funktionen den har är att växla färg på pixlarna såsom video växlar bild. Studien fokuserar på animerat ljus interiört och exteriört i bilar. Denna studie har genomförts med stöd av Perceived Quality teamet på Volvo Cars AB och fokus har därigenom legat på interiör- och exteriör belysning i bilar. Forskningsmetoden för studien har varit experiment där deltagarna har observerat olika scenarion med animering på en LED-list. Deltagarna fick besvara en enkät och svara på hur de upplever animeringen. Studien visar på att faktorer som hastighet och storlek påverkar hur ljuset uppfattas. Tidigare nämnda faktorer är nödvändiga parametrar för att skapa en sömlös och mjuk animering. / In the last 10 years, the development of LED has opened up great opportunities for creative lighting solutions. This could be used for a colorful and dynamic facade lighting. In this study, it is investigated how animated light is experienced and how to achieve a soft and seamless effect. This can be applied in several different scenarios of programming moving light. Animated light (animation) is generated with LED lighting and to function it has to change the color or intensity of the pixels like a video changes image. The study conducted focused on animated interior and exterior lighting in cars. This study has been done with the support of the Perceived Quality team at Volvo Cars AB and the focus has therefore been on interior and exterior lighting in cars. The research method of the study has been experiments where the participants have observed different scenarios with animation on a LED strip. The participants had to respond on a survey how they experienced the animation. The study shows that factors such as speed and size will affect how light is perceived. Mentioned factors are necessary parameters to create a seamless and smooth animation, which is what the study showed.