Submitted by Maike Costa (maiksebas@gmail.com) on 2016-08-09T13:46:00Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivo totral.pdf: 872708 bytes, checksum: 820c8c5c7d98ab7b6b36024f30b2d91e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-09T13:46:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivo totral.pdf: 872708 bytes, checksum: 820c8c5c7d98ab7b6b36024f30b2d91e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-15 / The present work has as study object the federalization of crimes against human rights and judicial implementation of international human rights treaties to which the Federative Republic of Brazil is a signatory. To this end, it has as main objective to analyze the competence shift incident as a preventive institute of international accountability, focusing on the effective state response against impunity and the achievement of social justice of the decision rendered by the Judiciary. Analyzed the incident Competence Shift a protective human rights instrument from the case Manoel Mattos and the effects of judicial precedents and jurisprudence of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights in order to contribute to the importance of preventing international accountability which governs the Brazilian State. The duty to investigate and prosecute criminals agents in cases of serious violations of human rights arises from the conduct of obligation assumed by the State in the International Covenants on Human Rights. The State willful failure to not punish those responsible, constitutes a real affront to human rights, subject to international condemnation. To evade the International Responsibility for the inertia of the Brazilian states, the EC No. 45/2004 authorized the federalization of crimes against human rights in the cases of Article 109, Paragraph 5 of CF / 88, thus allowing the Superior Court Justice shift the responsibility of the police investigations or ongoing claims in state court to federal court, by application of the Attorney General. Within the Competence Shift incidents judged by the Supreme Court, there was considerable speed in the progress of cases, however, the little amount of proposed incidents is not yet able, by itself, to reflect on the effectiveness of this procedural instrument. It used inductive method of approach therefore departed from the case Manoel Mattos, seeking to discuss the federalization as a preventive mechanism of international accountability. The prime research technique was the literature, with the analysis of laws, judicial decisions of international nature, especially the jurisprudence of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights and specialized doctrine. / O presente trabalho tem como objeto de estudo a federalização dos crimes contra os direitos humanos como garantia judicial ao cumprimento dos tratados internacionais de direitos humanos ao qual a República Federativa do Brasil é signatária. Para tanto, tem-se como objetivo geral analisar o incidente de deslocamento de competência como instituto preventivo de responsabilização internacional, tendo como foco a resposta estatal efetiva contra a impunidade e a realização da justiça social da decisão exarada pelo Poder Judiciário. Analisou-se o Incidente de Deslocamento de Competência como instrumento protetor dos direitos humanos a partir do caso Manoel Mattos, bem como os efeitos dos precedentes judiciais e a Jurisprudência da Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos a fim de contribuir com a importância da prevenção da responsabilização internacional a que está sujeito o Estado brasileiro. O dever de investigar e de processar os agentes criminosos nas hipóteses de grave violações dos direitos humanos decorre da obrigação de conduta assumida pelo Estado nas Convenções Internacionais de Direitos Humanos. A omissão dolosa Estatal em não punir os responsáveis, constitui-se em verdadeira afronta aos direitos do homem, passível de reprovação internacional. Para eximir-se da Responsabilidade Internacional pela inércia dos Estados da Federação, a EC nº 45/2004 autorizou a federalização dos crimes contra os Direitos Humanos, nas hipóteses do artigo 109, §5º da CF/88, permitindo, assim, ao Superior Tribunal de Justiça deslocar a competência dos inquéritos policiais ou de processos em andamento na Justiça Estadual para a Justiça Federal, por petição do Procurador Geral da República. Dentro os Incidentes de Deslocamento de Competência julgados pelo STJ, observou-se considerável celeridade no andamento dos processos, todavia, a pouca quantidade de incidentes propostos ainda não é capaz, por si só, de refletir sobre a eficácia do presente instrumento processual. Utilizou-se do método de abordagem indutivo, pois, partiu-se do caso Manoel Mattos, buscando-se problematizar a federalização como mecanismo preventivo de responsabilização internacional. A técnica de pesquisa privilegiada foi a bibliográfica, com a análise de leis, decisões judiciais de cunho internacional, principalmente a jurisprudência da Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos e doutrina especializada.

In the last few years, an ever growing number of States have recognized same-sex marriage. For that reason, it is important to ask what would happen if two same-sex individuals that have legally contracted marriage in another countrywould sue for its recognition in Peru. The authors of this article study the courses ofaction available to legal operators facing this situation, in the context of the public policy exception and International Human Rights Law.For that purpose, they analize European and Inter-American case-law on the matter and offer a way forward on how to solve conflicts between foreign law, domestic law, and human rights. / Durante los últimos años, cada vez más ordenamientos jurídicos han regulado el matrimonio entre personas del mismo sexo. Es importante por ello preguntarse qué sucedería si dos personas del mismo sexo que hayan contraído matrimonio legalmente en otro país exigieran que el mismo fuera reconocido en Perú.Los autores de este artículo indagan sobre las posibilidades de acción de los operadores jurídicos ante esta situación, en el marco del orden público internacional y el Derecho Internacional de los Derechos Humanos. Para ello, analizan jurisprudencia tanto europea como interamericana sobre el tema, además de ensayar una solución sobre cómo resolver conflictos entre los ordenamientos extranjeros, la normativa nacional y los derechos humanos.

Trata-se do estudo da casuística internacional sobre as violações cometidas pelos Estados Unidos da América contra o artigo 36 da Convenção de Viena sobre Relações Consulares de 1963. A Corte Internacional de Justiça e a Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos interpretam, regulamentam e aprimoram o direito de informação sobre assistência consular para preso estrangeiro, que deixa de ser visto como um direito puramente inter-Estatal por ambos os tribunais. Abordamse questões de Direito Internacional Público, como a força vinculante das decisões da Corte Internacional de Justiça, e sua íntima relação com o direito interno do Estado parte do tratado, inclusive com relação aos Estados terceiros ao litígio internacional, como o Brasil. Em sendo um componente do pacote das garantias do devido processo legal, o prejuízo causado ao réu estrangeiro pela falta de informação sobre o direito de assistência consular pode ensejar o reconhecimento de nulidade processual penal absoluta. / This is the study of international cases relating the violations committed by the United States of America against the article 36 of the Vienna Convention on Consular Relations of 1963. The International Court of Justice and the Inter-American Court of Human Rights have the opportunity to interpret, regulate and enhance the right to information on consular assistance to foreign detainee, who is no longer seen as a purely inter-State law by both Courts. The study addresses issues of Public International Law, as the binding force of decisions of the International Court of Justice, and its close relationship with the Domestic Law of the State party to the treaty, including with respect to third states to the international dispute. Considered a human right, part of the package of guarantees of due process, the demonstrated prejudice caused to the foreign defendant for lack of information about his right to consular assistance may cause the recognition of absolute nullity of criminal procedure.

Doctor Legum - LLD / This thesis considers two jurisdictions, namely Malawi and South Africa, and attributes the problem to the lack of appropriate national implementation of the applicable human rights law by these states. Consequently, the study is based on the underlying assumption that one of the main ways of addressing this problem is for African states to undertake measures that comply with international standards for ensuring the appropriate national implementation of the applicable international human rights law.

"In the past 40 years these various procedures and outputs of the United Nations Human Rights Treaty System (UNHRTS) have gradually become sophisticated, developed and strengthened. It has made contributions to the promotion and protection of human rights. Despite its achievements, however, it also faces serious challenges and weaknesses, which induces some insider commentators to evaluate it as 'a system in crisis' and to criticise the whole system as one that urgently needs 'a complete overhaul'. From time to time, several proposals were made to improve the situation. However, the underlying problems persisted. Thus further and radical calls for re-organisation of the monitoring mechanism of the UNHRTS into a Unified and Standing Treaty Monitoring Body (USTMB) was made very recently. A further call for consolidation was made more explicit subsequently. In March 2006 the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights (UNHCHR) has issued a Concept Paper proposing to consolidate the current treaty monitoring bodies (TMBs) into a USTMB in an attempt to address the persistent problems the UNHTRS monitoring mechanism has been facing. A proposal regarded as too radical by many insiders of the UNHRTS. In view of the serious weaknesses of the UNHRTS monitoring mechanism, the initiated reform is a positive step. However, in seeking to introduce reform, and particularly within the UNHRTS, great caution is important not to throw the baby with water in the reform process. There is real concern about squandering, in the name of reform, the progress achieved over the last decades. In order to introduce an effective reform, it is important to be aware of [what] has worked and what has not, and make strategic choices based on these insights. In view of the proposed USTMB as a solution to the weakness of the system, balancing the reform initiative so that it will inherit the positive legacies while redressing the weakness is, therefore, a major contemporary concern." -- Introduction. / Thesis (LLM (Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa)) -- University of Pretoria, 2006. / Prepared under the supervision of Mr. E.Y. Benneh at the Faculty of Law, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana / http://www.chr.up.ac.za/academic_pro/llm1/dissertations.html / Centre for Human Rights / LLM

Lorsqu’il a fallu moderniser les instruments du droit international humanitaire le conflit armé non international n’était qu’un épiphénomène et son avènement a toujours été considéré comme un élément perturbateur d’une scène internationale profondément étatisé. Néanmoins l’importance croissante de ce type de conflit a permis de mettre en exergue le rôle sans cesse croissant d’un nouveau type d’acteurs à savoir les groupes armés non étatiques. Désormais, ils sont les acteurs majeurs de conflits largement majoritaires. Pour cette raison, nous pensons qu’il est temps de changer d’approche et de revoir les solutions proposées dans les instruments internationaux applicables. Pour toutes ces raisons et pour adapter le droit aux réalités des conflits actuels, une approche dépouillée de toute charge idéologique et péjorative doit primer par rapport à celle actuelle. De même, il est fondamentalement nécessaire de faire assumer à ces groupes les conséquences de leurs agissements en engageant leur responsabilité internationale. / When the instruments of international humanitarian law had to be modernized, the non-international armed conflict was an epiphenomenon and its advent has always been considered a disruptive element of a deeply internationalized international scene. Nevertheless, the growing importance of this type of conflict has highlighted the ever-increasing role of a new type of actors, namely non-State armed groups. From now on, they are the major actors of conflicts largely majority. For this reason, we believe that it is time to change the approach and review the solutions proposed in the applicable international instruments. For all these reasons and to adapt the law to the realities of current conflicts, an approach stripped of any ideological and pejorative burden must take precedence over the current one. Similarly, it is fundamentally necessary to make these groups bear the consequences of their actions by committing their international responsibility.

Dipoma thesis Specifics of human rights organizations in Czech Republic, Austria and Slovakia focuses on human rights organizations in three neighbouring countries. Organisations are assessed along three basic dimensions, structure, activities and relationship to their environment. The goal of the paper is to describe and compare these organisations in their national context and to determine whether there are any significant specifics in this aspect between the countries. To achieve the goal, comparative analysis was used based on analysis of secondary documents and interviews with representatives of organisations. Findings and outcomes summary are placed in the last part of the paper.

Объектом исследования в настоящей работе являются международно признанные права человека как элемент государственного управления. Цель исследования – сформировать научное представление о международных стандартах прав человека как об элементе государственного управления, обозначить основные проблемы механизма их обеспечения в государственном управлении и пути повышения эффективности данного механизма. В процессе исследования были выявлены проблемы реализации международных стандартов прав человека в сфере образования, здравоохранения, физической культуры и спорта. В заключение содержатся выводы, характеризующие итоги исследования. По итогам исследования в адрес органов государственной власти разработаны рекомендации по обеспечению международно признанных прав человека. / The object of research in this paper is internationally recognized human rights as an element of public administration. The purpose of the research is to form a scientific understanding of international human rights standards as an element of public administration, to identify the main problems of the mechanism for ensuring them in public administration and ways to improve the effectiveness of this mechanism. In the course of the research, the problems of implementing international human rights standards in the field of education, health, physical culture and sports were identified. The conclusion contains conclusions that characterize the results of the study. Based on the results of the study, recommendations were made to state authorities to ensure internationally recognized human rights.

Human rights universality has been questioned due to the lack of accountability in both international human rights law and States’ domestic laws when companies violate human rights. In response, the European Commission has proposed a Directive on Corporate Sustainability Due Diligence (CS3D), which imposes obligations on companies to identify, prevent, mitigate, and account for human rights impacts. The aim of this study is to examine whether the credibility of human rights universality, as defined by Jack Donnelly, is strengthened by the implications of the CS3D. The study also analyzes the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), which the CS3D refers to when defining human rights impacts, and explores the legal implications of this on Swedish domestic law and international human rights law. This study uses a legal dogmatic and legal analysis method to interpret the implications of the CS3D. Throughout the study, a fictional Swedish company and its subsidiary in China are used as examples to illustrate the legal and international implications of the CS3D. The results of this study suggest that the implications of the CS3D contribute to strengthening the credibility of human rights universality, as it addresses the legal gap of accountability in both international human rights law and domestic laws of EU Member States. However, the CS3D could also be perceived as coercive on third States and their natural and legal persons, which may potentially undermine the credibility of human rights universality in the future.

The purpose of this research paper is to examine how international humanitarian law (IHL) and international human rights law (IHRL) are applied to the Guantánamo Bay detention center. This paper was completed through the research of international treaties, court cases, and secondary sources that thoroughly discussed issues pertaining to Guantánamo and international law. This paper first examines the differences between the two laws by looking at the particular roles each is meant to play in the subject of international law, as well as how the two have been applied thus far to the situation at Guantánamo. Second, the paper discusses the topic of whether or not IHL and IHRL should be mutually exclusive, or can be interpreted alongside each other. In addition, a discussion of the opposing viewpoints on this topic will be presented including the United States argument of lex specialis, and the opposing arguments of the international community. Chapter three will cover the topic of extraterritorial application and how it affects the international treaties and court cases that deal with issues pertinent to Guantánamo. The fourth chapter discusses the effects that Guantánamo has on the reputation of the United States internationally, and how it affects human rights around the world. Chapter five discusses possible recommendations in order to achieve the long-term goal of ending the Guantanamo Bay controversy, and protecting and promoting human rights everywhere.