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The wealth of urban regions : on the location of creative individuals and firms /Mellander, Charlotta, January 2008 (has links)
Diss. Jönköping : Internationella handelshögskolan, 2008.
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Fatores condicionantes do desenvolvimento de relacionamentos intercooperativos no cooperativismo agropecuário / Conditioning factors of intercooperative relationship development in the agricultural cooperativismLago, Adriano January 2009 (has links)
Nas últimas décadas, termos como alianças estratégicas, parcerias, sociedades, conglomerados, consórcios, joint venture, redes e outros, ganham expressividade, até mesmo entre empresas tradicionalmente concorrentes. Essas são expressões de relacionamentos interorganizacionais entre empresas não cooperativas. Por outro lado, o cooperativismo, guardião do princípio da cooperação entre cooperativas, denominado intercooperação, apresenta dificuldades para expressar ações desta natureza. É neste sentido que a presente pesquisa buscou identificar e analisar as razões e os fatores condicionantes do desenvolvimento de relacionamentos intercooperativos no cooperativismo agropecuário. Os objetivos específicos foram os seguintes: a) Descrever o relacionamento do cooperativismo agropecuário com a sociedade; b) Analisar a importância da intercooperação para o cooperativismo agropecuário; c) Identificar quais são as principais razões para desenvolver relacionamentos de intercooperação no cooperativismo agropecuário; d) Verificar quais são e qual a importância dos fatores condicionantes do desenvolvimento de relacionamentos intercooperativos no cooperativismo agropecuário; e) Verificar a influências de diferentes expressões de intercooperação na singularidade das cooperativas agropecuárias; f) Compreender por que as cooperativas agropecuárias não cooperam entre si com mais intensidade; g) Verificar o que poderia ser feito para desenvolver relacionamentos intercooperativos no cooperativismo agropecuário; h) Identificar se existem especificidades nos relacionamentos intercooperativos em relação aos relacionamentos interorganizacionais não-cooperativos. A construção teórica observou as diferentes óticas da cooperação: cooperação sob a ótica biológico-comportamental; sob a ótica social e humana e sob a ótica econômica, buscando revelar um ser humano cooperativo. Estas diferentes óticas de cooperação é que possibilitam e estimulam a emergência de relacionamentos interorganizacionais. Relacionamentos estes com suas formas, razões e aspectos facilitadores do seu desenvolvimento. Contudo, o modelo cooperativo agropecuário, apesar de estar ancorado na cooperação entre indivíduos, possui dificuldades para expressar tais relacionamentos entre as diferentes organizações cooperativas. Diante deste raciocínio teórico é que a pesquisa foi estruturada. Os procedimentos metodológicos levaram em conta a complexidade e a multiplicidade de dimensões associadas à intercooperação. Por isso, a pesquisa foi ancorada nos enfoques qualitativo e quantitativo de forma complementar. As fontes de evidências empíricas foram oito experts do cooperativismo do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul e 54 dirigentes (presidentes, vice-presidentes e gestores) de 30 cooperativas associadas à Cooperativa Central Gaúcha Ltda. - CCGL. Os resultados revelaram a existência de cinco razões e catorze fatores condicionantes do desenvolvimento de relacionamentos intercooperativos no cooperativismo agropecuário. As razões são: busca de eficiência; legitimidade; estabilidade; assimetria e reciprocidade. Já os fatores condicionantes são: gestão profissional; liderança; controle; clareza da doutrina; comprometimento; transparência; eliminar vaidades; projeto; comunicação; compensação; confiança; interdependência; invasão de área e problemas financeiros das cooperativas. Estas razões e os fatores estruturaram o processo de desenvolvimento de relacionamentos intercooperativos no cooperativismo agropecuário (figura 10). Esta visão esquemática revela que, para o desenvolvimento de relacionamentos intercooperativos são necessários alguns antecedentes, que são as razões e alguns fatores condicionantes, que caracterizam o processo propriamente dito, alcançando os resultados esperados. O cooperativismo agropecuário por sua vez, apresenta limitações em expressar os fatores condicionantes. Estas dificuldades estão relacionadas, fundamentalmente, com o modelo de autogestão cooperativo e com as decisões dos dirigentes das cooperativas singulares. / In the last decades, terms as strategic alliances, partnerships, societies, conglomerates, consortiums, joint venture, nets and others gain expressiveness, even among traditionally competing enterprises. These are expressions of interorganizational relationships among non cooperative enterprises. On the other side, the cooperativism, guardian of the cooperation principle among cooperatives, named intercooperation, presents difficulties to express actions of this nature. In this way, the present research aimed to identify and to analyse the reasons and the conditioning factors of intercooperative relationship development in the agricultural cooperativism. The specific objectives were: a) To describe the relationship of the agricultural cooperativism with the society; b) To analyse the importance of the intercooperation for the agricultural cooperativism; c) To identify which are the main reasons to develop relationships of intercooperation in the agricultural cooperativism; d) To check which are and what is the importance of the conditioning factors of intercooperative relationship development in the agricultural cooperativism; e) To check influences of different expressions of intercooperation in the agricultural cooperativism peculiarity; f) To understand why the agricultural cooperativism do not cooperate among each other with more intensity; g) To check what might be done to develop intercooperative relationships in the agricultural cooperativism h) To identify if there are specificities in the intercooperative relationships in relation to the interorganizational non-cooperative relationships. The theoretical construction observed the different focuses of the cooperation: cooperation under the biological and behavioral focus; under the social and human focus and under the economical focus, trying to disclose a cooperative human being. These different focuses of cooperation make possible and stimulate the emergence of interorganizational relationships; relationships with forms, reasons and aspects that make easy its development. Nevertheless, the agricultural cooperative model, in spite of being anchored in the cooperation among individuals, it has difficulties to express such relationships among different cooperative organizations. The research was structured following this theoretical reasoning. The methodological proceedings considered the complexity and the multiplicity of dimensions associated to the intercooperation. Therefore, the research was anchored in the qualitative and quantitative approaches of complementary form. The empirical evidences resources were eight experts of the cooperativism from Rio Grande do Sul State and 54 leaders (presidents, vice presidents and managers) of 30 cooperatives associated to the Central Cooperative from Rio Grande do Sul - CCGL. The results disclosed the existence of five reasons and fourteen conditioning factors of intercooperative relationship development in the agricultural cooperativism. The reasons are: searching for efficiency; legitimacy; stability; asymmetry and reciprocity. The conditioning factors are: professional management; leadership; control; clarity of the doctrine; compromising; transparency; to remove vanities; project; communication; compensation; confidence; interdependence; invasion of area and financial problems of the cooperatives. These reasons and the factors structured the process of intercooperative relationship development in the agricultural cooperativism (figure 10). This schematic vision shows that, for the intercooperative relationship development are necessary some precedent events, which are the reasons, and some conditioning factors which characterize the process reaching the expected results. The agricultural cooperativism presents limitations in expressing the conditioning factors. These difficulties are connected, fundamentally, with the cooperative model of self-management and with the decisions of the singular cooperatives leaders.
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Relação entre tecnologia da informação (ti) e o desenvolvimento de redes de cooperação interorganizacionaisBento Filho, Diógenes de Araújo January 2007 (has links)
p. 1 - 162 / Submitted by Santiago Fabio (fabio.ssantiago@hotmail.com) on 2013-01-24T17:50:44Z
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Previous issue date: 2007 / O objetivo do trabalho foi analisar a relação entre Tecnologia da Informação (TI) e
Redes de Cooperação Interorganizacionais, tendo como cenário a experiência do
Programa de Redes de Cooperação do Rio Grande do Sul, desenvolvido pela
Secretaria do Desenvolvimento e dos Assuntos Internacionais (SEDAI). Através de
um estudo de caso exploratório qualiquantitativo, a pesquisa contemplou entrevistas
estruturadas realizadas com gestores de cinco redes de cooperação, abrangendo
informações quanto à utilização da TI nas fases de formação e operação destas
estruturas, bem como a sua relação com as práticas coletivas. Seu resultado indicou
uma relação de causalidade entre os temas estudados, na qual a Tecnologia da
Informação ao mesmo tempo em que impulsiona a prática da cooperação, é,
também, impulsionada pelo desenvolvimento de práticas coletivas, além de
influenciar positivamente nos momentos de formação e operação das redes. Além
do resultado apresentado, foram sinalizadas proposições de ações e de pesquisas
sobre o tema em pauta. / Salvador
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Fatores condicionantes do desenvolvimento de relacionamentos intercooperativos no cooperativismo agropecuário / Conditioning factors of intercooperative relationship development in the agricultural cooperativismLago, Adriano January 2009 (has links)
Nas últimas décadas, termos como alianças estratégicas, parcerias, sociedades, conglomerados, consórcios, joint venture, redes e outros, ganham expressividade, até mesmo entre empresas tradicionalmente concorrentes. Essas são expressões de relacionamentos interorganizacionais entre empresas não cooperativas. Por outro lado, o cooperativismo, guardião do princípio da cooperação entre cooperativas, denominado intercooperação, apresenta dificuldades para expressar ações desta natureza. É neste sentido que a presente pesquisa buscou identificar e analisar as razões e os fatores condicionantes do desenvolvimento de relacionamentos intercooperativos no cooperativismo agropecuário. Os objetivos específicos foram os seguintes: a) Descrever o relacionamento do cooperativismo agropecuário com a sociedade; b) Analisar a importância da intercooperação para o cooperativismo agropecuário; c) Identificar quais são as principais razões para desenvolver relacionamentos de intercooperação no cooperativismo agropecuário; d) Verificar quais são e qual a importância dos fatores condicionantes do desenvolvimento de relacionamentos intercooperativos no cooperativismo agropecuário; e) Verificar a influências de diferentes expressões de intercooperação na singularidade das cooperativas agropecuárias; f) Compreender por que as cooperativas agropecuárias não cooperam entre si com mais intensidade; g) Verificar o que poderia ser feito para desenvolver relacionamentos intercooperativos no cooperativismo agropecuário; h) Identificar se existem especificidades nos relacionamentos intercooperativos em relação aos relacionamentos interorganizacionais não-cooperativos. A construção teórica observou as diferentes óticas da cooperação: cooperação sob a ótica biológico-comportamental; sob a ótica social e humana e sob a ótica econômica, buscando revelar um ser humano cooperativo. Estas diferentes óticas de cooperação é que possibilitam e estimulam a emergência de relacionamentos interorganizacionais. Relacionamentos estes com suas formas, razões e aspectos facilitadores do seu desenvolvimento. Contudo, o modelo cooperativo agropecuário, apesar de estar ancorado na cooperação entre indivíduos, possui dificuldades para expressar tais relacionamentos entre as diferentes organizações cooperativas. Diante deste raciocínio teórico é que a pesquisa foi estruturada. Os procedimentos metodológicos levaram em conta a complexidade e a multiplicidade de dimensões associadas à intercooperação. Por isso, a pesquisa foi ancorada nos enfoques qualitativo e quantitativo de forma complementar. As fontes de evidências empíricas foram oito experts do cooperativismo do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul e 54 dirigentes (presidentes, vice-presidentes e gestores) de 30 cooperativas associadas à Cooperativa Central Gaúcha Ltda. - CCGL. Os resultados revelaram a existência de cinco razões e catorze fatores condicionantes do desenvolvimento de relacionamentos intercooperativos no cooperativismo agropecuário. As razões são: busca de eficiência; legitimidade; estabilidade; assimetria e reciprocidade. Já os fatores condicionantes são: gestão profissional; liderança; controle; clareza da doutrina; comprometimento; transparência; eliminar vaidades; projeto; comunicação; compensação; confiança; interdependência; invasão de área e problemas financeiros das cooperativas. Estas razões e os fatores estruturaram o processo de desenvolvimento de relacionamentos intercooperativos no cooperativismo agropecuário (figura 10). Esta visão esquemática revela que, para o desenvolvimento de relacionamentos intercooperativos são necessários alguns antecedentes, que são as razões e alguns fatores condicionantes, que caracterizam o processo propriamente dito, alcançando os resultados esperados. O cooperativismo agropecuário por sua vez, apresenta limitações em expressar os fatores condicionantes. Estas dificuldades estão relacionadas, fundamentalmente, com o modelo de autogestão cooperativo e com as decisões dos dirigentes das cooperativas singulares. / In the last decades, terms as strategic alliances, partnerships, societies, conglomerates, consortiums, joint venture, nets and others gain expressiveness, even among traditionally competing enterprises. These are expressions of interorganizational relationships among non cooperative enterprises. On the other side, the cooperativism, guardian of the cooperation principle among cooperatives, named intercooperation, presents difficulties to express actions of this nature. In this way, the present research aimed to identify and to analyse the reasons and the conditioning factors of intercooperative relationship development in the agricultural cooperativism. The specific objectives were: a) To describe the relationship of the agricultural cooperativism with the society; b) To analyse the importance of the intercooperation for the agricultural cooperativism; c) To identify which are the main reasons to develop relationships of intercooperation in the agricultural cooperativism; d) To check which are and what is the importance of the conditioning factors of intercooperative relationship development in the agricultural cooperativism; e) To check influences of different expressions of intercooperation in the agricultural cooperativism peculiarity; f) To understand why the agricultural cooperativism do not cooperate among each other with more intensity; g) To check what might be done to develop intercooperative relationships in the agricultural cooperativism h) To identify if there are specificities in the intercooperative relationships in relation to the interorganizational non-cooperative relationships. The theoretical construction observed the different focuses of the cooperation: cooperation under the biological and behavioral focus; under the social and human focus and under the economical focus, trying to disclose a cooperative human being. These different focuses of cooperation make possible and stimulate the emergence of interorganizational relationships; relationships with forms, reasons and aspects that make easy its development. Nevertheless, the agricultural cooperative model, in spite of being anchored in the cooperation among individuals, it has difficulties to express such relationships among different cooperative organizations. The research was structured following this theoretical reasoning. The methodological proceedings considered the complexity and the multiplicity of dimensions associated to the intercooperation. Therefore, the research was anchored in the qualitative and quantitative approaches of complementary form. The empirical evidences resources were eight experts of the cooperativism from Rio Grande do Sul State and 54 leaders (presidents, vice presidents and managers) of 30 cooperatives associated to the Central Cooperative from Rio Grande do Sul - CCGL. The results disclosed the existence of five reasons and fourteen conditioning factors of intercooperative relationship development in the agricultural cooperativism. The reasons are: searching for efficiency; legitimacy; stability; asymmetry and reciprocity. The conditioning factors are: professional management; leadership; control; clarity of the doctrine; compromising; transparency; to remove vanities; project; communication; compensation; confidence; interdependence; invasion of area and financial problems of the cooperatives. These reasons and the factors structured the process of intercooperative relationship development in the agricultural cooperativism (figure 10). This schematic vision shows that, for the intercooperative relationship development are necessary some precedent events, which are the reasons, and some conditioning factors which characterize the process reaching the expected results. The agricultural cooperativism presents limitations in expressing the conditioning factors. These difficulties are connected, fundamentally, with the cooperative model of self-management and with the decisions of the singular cooperatives leaders.
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Fatores condicionantes do desenvolvimento de relacionamentos intercooperativos no cooperativismo agropecuário / Conditioning factors of intercooperative relationship development in the agricultural cooperativismLago, Adriano January 2009 (has links)
Nas últimas décadas, termos como alianças estratégicas, parcerias, sociedades, conglomerados, consórcios, joint venture, redes e outros, ganham expressividade, até mesmo entre empresas tradicionalmente concorrentes. Essas são expressões de relacionamentos interorganizacionais entre empresas não cooperativas. Por outro lado, o cooperativismo, guardião do princípio da cooperação entre cooperativas, denominado intercooperação, apresenta dificuldades para expressar ações desta natureza. É neste sentido que a presente pesquisa buscou identificar e analisar as razões e os fatores condicionantes do desenvolvimento de relacionamentos intercooperativos no cooperativismo agropecuário. Os objetivos específicos foram os seguintes: a) Descrever o relacionamento do cooperativismo agropecuário com a sociedade; b) Analisar a importância da intercooperação para o cooperativismo agropecuário; c) Identificar quais são as principais razões para desenvolver relacionamentos de intercooperação no cooperativismo agropecuário; d) Verificar quais são e qual a importância dos fatores condicionantes do desenvolvimento de relacionamentos intercooperativos no cooperativismo agropecuário; e) Verificar a influências de diferentes expressões de intercooperação na singularidade das cooperativas agropecuárias; f) Compreender por que as cooperativas agropecuárias não cooperam entre si com mais intensidade; g) Verificar o que poderia ser feito para desenvolver relacionamentos intercooperativos no cooperativismo agropecuário; h) Identificar se existem especificidades nos relacionamentos intercooperativos em relação aos relacionamentos interorganizacionais não-cooperativos. A construção teórica observou as diferentes óticas da cooperação: cooperação sob a ótica biológico-comportamental; sob a ótica social e humana e sob a ótica econômica, buscando revelar um ser humano cooperativo. Estas diferentes óticas de cooperação é que possibilitam e estimulam a emergência de relacionamentos interorganizacionais. Relacionamentos estes com suas formas, razões e aspectos facilitadores do seu desenvolvimento. Contudo, o modelo cooperativo agropecuário, apesar de estar ancorado na cooperação entre indivíduos, possui dificuldades para expressar tais relacionamentos entre as diferentes organizações cooperativas. Diante deste raciocínio teórico é que a pesquisa foi estruturada. Os procedimentos metodológicos levaram em conta a complexidade e a multiplicidade de dimensões associadas à intercooperação. Por isso, a pesquisa foi ancorada nos enfoques qualitativo e quantitativo de forma complementar. As fontes de evidências empíricas foram oito experts do cooperativismo do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul e 54 dirigentes (presidentes, vice-presidentes e gestores) de 30 cooperativas associadas à Cooperativa Central Gaúcha Ltda. - CCGL. Os resultados revelaram a existência de cinco razões e catorze fatores condicionantes do desenvolvimento de relacionamentos intercooperativos no cooperativismo agropecuário. As razões são: busca de eficiência; legitimidade; estabilidade; assimetria e reciprocidade. Já os fatores condicionantes são: gestão profissional; liderança; controle; clareza da doutrina; comprometimento; transparência; eliminar vaidades; projeto; comunicação; compensação; confiança; interdependência; invasão de área e problemas financeiros das cooperativas. Estas razões e os fatores estruturaram o processo de desenvolvimento de relacionamentos intercooperativos no cooperativismo agropecuário (figura 10). Esta visão esquemática revela que, para o desenvolvimento de relacionamentos intercooperativos são necessários alguns antecedentes, que são as razões e alguns fatores condicionantes, que caracterizam o processo propriamente dito, alcançando os resultados esperados. O cooperativismo agropecuário por sua vez, apresenta limitações em expressar os fatores condicionantes. Estas dificuldades estão relacionadas, fundamentalmente, com o modelo de autogestão cooperativo e com as decisões dos dirigentes das cooperativas singulares. / In the last decades, terms as strategic alliances, partnerships, societies, conglomerates, consortiums, joint venture, nets and others gain expressiveness, even among traditionally competing enterprises. These are expressions of interorganizational relationships among non cooperative enterprises. On the other side, the cooperativism, guardian of the cooperation principle among cooperatives, named intercooperation, presents difficulties to express actions of this nature. In this way, the present research aimed to identify and to analyse the reasons and the conditioning factors of intercooperative relationship development in the agricultural cooperativism. The specific objectives were: a) To describe the relationship of the agricultural cooperativism with the society; b) To analyse the importance of the intercooperation for the agricultural cooperativism; c) To identify which are the main reasons to develop relationships of intercooperation in the agricultural cooperativism; d) To check which are and what is the importance of the conditioning factors of intercooperative relationship development in the agricultural cooperativism; e) To check influences of different expressions of intercooperation in the agricultural cooperativism peculiarity; f) To understand why the agricultural cooperativism do not cooperate among each other with more intensity; g) To check what might be done to develop intercooperative relationships in the agricultural cooperativism h) To identify if there are specificities in the intercooperative relationships in relation to the interorganizational non-cooperative relationships. The theoretical construction observed the different focuses of the cooperation: cooperation under the biological and behavioral focus; under the social and human focus and under the economical focus, trying to disclose a cooperative human being. These different focuses of cooperation make possible and stimulate the emergence of interorganizational relationships; relationships with forms, reasons and aspects that make easy its development. Nevertheless, the agricultural cooperative model, in spite of being anchored in the cooperation among individuals, it has difficulties to express such relationships among different cooperative organizations. The research was structured following this theoretical reasoning. The methodological proceedings considered the complexity and the multiplicity of dimensions associated to the intercooperation. Therefore, the research was anchored in the qualitative and quantitative approaches of complementary form. The empirical evidences resources were eight experts of the cooperativism from Rio Grande do Sul State and 54 leaders (presidents, vice presidents and managers) of 30 cooperatives associated to the Central Cooperative from Rio Grande do Sul - CCGL. The results disclosed the existence of five reasons and fourteen conditioning factors of intercooperative relationship development in the agricultural cooperativism. The reasons are: searching for efficiency; legitimacy; stability; asymmetry and reciprocity. The conditioning factors are: professional management; leadership; control; clarity of the doctrine; compromising; transparency; to remove vanities; project; communication; compensation; confidence; interdependence; invasion of area and financial problems of the cooperatives. These reasons and the factors structured the process of intercooperative relationship development in the agricultural cooperativism (figure 10). This schematic vision shows that, for the intercooperative relationship development are necessary some precedent events, which are the reasons, and some conditioning factors which characterize the process reaching the expected results. The agricultural cooperativism presents limitations in expressing the conditioning factors. These difficulties are connected, fundamentally, with the cooperative model of self-management and with the decisions of the singular cooperatives leaders.
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Collegiality as an aspect of managerial communication in the development and training of principalsFreese, Howard Norman 06 December 2011 (has links)
D.Ed.
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Ke ya rona (it is ours): a review of the levels of community engagement towards the sustainable development of community arts centers in South Africa focusing on shared ownership.Monnakgotla, Palesa January 2018 (has links)
A research report submitted to the Faculty of Humanities, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Cultural Policy and Management, 2018 / This research report assesses the extent of community engagement practiced at Sibikwa Arts Centre in Benoni and Funda Community College in Soweto. This is done to ascertain the effectiveness of community engagement in terms of shared ownership of the community and the community art centre managers; it also determines its contribution to the sustainable development of the community and the arts. This is necessary because South African community art centres are recognized as dysfunctional as they have been utilized for purposes other than the arts and are noted as experiencing managerial problems, leadership problems, as well as that of insufficient funding. Therefore, the factors of community engagement that are examined in this research are the method/s used, the objective of the method/s, the effectiveness of the method/s according to Arnstein’s ladder of citizen participation and the effectiveness in terms of community and sustainable art development.
The report concentrates on measuring the centres engagement with their surrounding communities, and how this has directly contributed to the operations of the centres. Based on the case studies and drawing parallels from international case studies, the report proposes a developed model of community engagement that could be implemented broadly in South African art centres in an effort towards the progressive functioning of community art centres. / XL2019
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Toward a model of interorganizational fields : a case study of a social service federationCherry, Ralph 01 January 1978 (has links)
The concept of interorganizational field refers to the pattern of relationships or the context within which organizations negotiate or compete to accomplish their goals. This paper examines the proposition that the type of interorganizational field shapes and· influences interactions between organizations. To explore the nature of any contextual effects, a hypothesis is extracted to represent each of four subareas of the literature: the transaction or exchange, the resource dependency, the communication, and the division of labor subareas. Non-verification of the hypotheses indicates the extent and the manner in which interorganizational fields can affect relations between organizations.
A case study of these hypotheses is presented for one type of interorganizational field, a federation of social service agencies. The federation includes eight organizations which delivered services and an administrative component to facilitate interagency coordination. The data, which were gathered from project documents, monthly records, and a series of interviews of representatives from each of these organizations, permit analysis of the federation's two-year tenure. Analysis of these data leave three of the four hypotheses not verified, with only the hypothesis on communication between organizations being upheld. These findings suggest that the ''norms of rationality” alleged to govern organizational decision-making are actually assessed according to characteristics of the interorganizational context. More generally, the conclusion is that the interorganizational field level of analysis merits further examination as a causal context. By specifying the nature of this context, it ultimately is possible to theorize whether the effects of variables across fields are linear or curvilinear, and whether interaction effects exist.
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Community impacts on organizational interactionKeast, Frederick Dalton 01 January 1980 (has links)
This dissertation addresses the following research question. Do the criteria by which organizations assess the benefits of entering into interagency agreements vary by city? Employing data obtained from 183 human service agencies in six western cities, organizational emphases on two classes of goals as they relate to the decision to interact with other agencies are assessed as functions of six organizational variables and city. The organizational variables include organizational goal, reliance on federal sources for funding, and a range of environmental uncertainty measures. The two classes of organizational goals studied are: first, those which directly accrue to the agency itself, and second, those which accrue directly to entities outside the organization. Findings suggest that while emphases on intraorganizational goals are invariant between cities, those pertaining to extra-organizational entities may well vary between locales. These findings bear theoretical implications for the future study of organizations, and practical implications for entities seeking to develop programs or regulations for application across broadly defined jurisdictions.
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The Effects Of Risk And Trust On The Achievement Of Sustainable Competitive Advantage From B2b E-commerce Trading RelationshipsHampton, Clark J 01 January 2011 (has links)
This dissertation consists of three interrelated studies focusing on the use of business-to-business (B2B) electronic commerce (e-commerce) to facilitate supply chain transactions. B2B e-commerce enabled supply chains produce substantial savings for organizations by reducing the amount of time and money necessary to negotiate contracts, processes orders, and pay suppliers. However, doubt exists as to whether reduced transaction costs are a sustainable competitive advantage for organizations. The advent of widespread and cost effective B2B e-commerce enabled supply chains coupled with increasingly complex, dynamic, and global competitive markets are encouraging organizations to form long-term relationships with their trading partners to achieve sustainable competitive advantage from improved supply chain performance. Competition is no longer restricted to large firms and end-product producers, but now encompasses the extended organizational supply chain. Using three separate, but related theories, these studies investigate 1) the factors affecting satisfaction with B2B ecommerce trading relationships, 2) the antecedents and effects of risk and trust on assurance desirability in B2B e-commerce partnerships, and 3) the impact of enterprise risk management procedures on the achievement of sustainable competitive advantage from B2B e-commerce enabled transnational alliances. Critical to achieving sustainable competitive advantage from B2B e-commerce capabilities is the existence of long-term mutually satisfying buyer—supplier iii relationships. The first study examines the antecedents of relationship satisfaction between B2B e-commerce trading partners. Using the relational view of the firm, a theoretical model is developed to investigate the direct and countervailing effects of trust and risk on relationship satisfaction. In addition, the indirect effects of justice and commitment on relationship satisfaction are also investigated. A field survey is used to collect data from 205 industry professionals concerning B2B e-commerce trading partnerships. Structural equation modeling is used to evaluate the hypothesized model relationships. The results support all hypotheses and indicate good model fit with strong explanatory power. This study contributes to the accounting information systems and strategic management literature by investigating the interactive but independent roles of risk and trust within B2B e-commerce trading relationships. The second study examines the integrative effects of power, risk, and trust, along with their antecedents, on the desirability of assurance over a trading partner’s ecommerce processes. Using the resource advantage theory of competition as a foundation, a research model is developed to examine the relationships among the various trading partners and organizational factors that drive demand for a high information governance structure such as assurance. A field survey is used to collect data from 205 industry professionals to enable the evaluation of the complex relationships in the overall research model using structural equation modeling. The results support all hypotheses and provide good model fit, strong explanatory power, and strong support for the theory. This study expands the literature on management control systems within interorganizational relationships by addressing three contemporary concerns in the literature: (1) the minimal consideration of the impact of information technology in these iv relationships, (2) the minimal consideration of the impact of variances in the relative power of the trading partners, and (3) the need to consider the dual influence of risk and trust. Globalization places greater emphasis on the development of transnational alliances. The greatest benefits from alliances are derived from high-level information sharing, but risk escalates with information sharing. The purpose of the third study is to examine the influence of enterprise risk management (ERM) on risk and trust associated with transnational alliances and the resulting impact on interorganizational information sharing. Survey data is gathered from 200 senior-level managers monitoring transnational alliances. Structural equation modeling is used to test the hypothesized relationships. The results provide strong support for the hypothesized relationships and the overall research model, showing that high ERM leads to decreased risk, increased trust, and improved information sharing.
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