No description available.

This thesis is structured into four sections. The first section is a brief statement on the choice of the text chosen for the purpose of translation. Ityala Lamawele is one of the old and classic Xhosa texts and after seeing some translated texts either from Xhosa to English or English to Xhosa such as Uhambo Lomhambi (The Pilgrim's Progress) Ingqumbo Yeminyanya (The Wrath of the Ancestors), Akusekho Konwaba (No Longer at Ease) and having not seen any translation of Ityala Lamawele, I felt an attempt at translating Ityala Lamawele was long overdue. This first section also looks at the theoretical aspects of translation that will inform the translation of ltyala Lamawele. The second section is the actual translation (the process and the product) of selected extracts which deal specifically and exclusively with the case of the twins. Though the translation of the whole text is not a remote possibility or consideration, for the purpose of this thesis, selected extracts will be dealt with. The third section of this thesis is the reflection on and the discussion of the choices I have made. This section looks at the process of translating ltyala Lamawele, the challenges and obstacles that I have come across, the way I have put and expressed issues and why. / Thesis (M.A.) - University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2002.

French literary translators have traditionally translated in an ethnocentric fashion in such a way that the translated work did not seem translated. They tried to write their translations in the same way the author would have, had he been French. Readers of French translations seemed quite satisfied with that approach. Yet there are translators who do not feel comfortable with this ethnocentric approach. They have done a great deal of reflection on their work, and are introducing new ways of translating literature. One of these is Antoine Berman. We have dedicated the first half of our work to his theories and the second half to a possible application of these theories to a novel by Joyce Carol Oates, I Lock my Door upon Myself. This novel was translated in France by Marie-Lise Marliere and its French title is Un amour noir. We will quote examples from the translation where we feel we can apply Berman's theory of "distorting tendencies" and make practical suggestions of alternative French translations. Our conclusion leads us to explore ways to better serve the French readers of Joyce Carol Oates.

No description available.

This thesis contains eight chapters. The first deals with Gide's knowledge of English, the second with his ideas on translation. The remaining six examine his versions of the following: Gitanjali by Rabindranath Tagore, parts of Leaves of Grass by Walt Whitman, The Post Office by Tagore, Typhoon by Joseph Conrad, The Marriage of Heaven and Hell by William Blake and the preface of The Old Wive's Tale by Arnold Bennett. The principal conclusions reached are that his English was alarmingly weak, that he must have depended a good deal on the help of others, that his theory of translation was extremely subjective, and that the translations examined, although original, concise and elegant (indeed more elegant than the English text in the case of the two works by Tagore), are too free as well as being simply erroneous in many places.

Through interviews, observation of refugee hearings, the analysis of negative decisions rendered by the Immigration and Refugee Board (IRB), and the application of communication, and social work theories, as well as discourse analysis, this study explores the effects of intercultural communication on the outcome of the refugee determination hearing. It is argued that a gap exists between the principle of cultural receptiveness at the IRB, and that which occurs in the hearing. This paradox is testimony to the difficulties of applying the international definition of a Convention Refugee to a socially and culturally-constructed refugee determination process. The political, social, and cultural context in which the IRB functions, the Board's institutional culture, which mirrors the social discourse on refugees, and the way individuals ascribe meaning to information in a culturally-defined manner, all have an impact on the outcome of the hearing, and in turn on refugee protection in Canada.

The purposes of this study were (a) to examine two groups of healthy older Dutch English bilingual migrants in a New Zealand setting to investigate whether they were showing signs of L2 attrition with accompanying L1 reversion post-retirement, and (b) to identify possible factors which might play a role in the incidence of any L2 attrition and concomitant L1 reversion. Previous research has focused on similar groups of migrants in the Australian context, while New Zealand based research has focused on language shift and maintenance amongst three generations of migrants. The research design involved an analysis of sociolinguistic life, using questionnaires. These included self-assessments of L1 and L2 proficiency at three key times: on arrival in New Zealand, at time of ultimate attainment and post-retirement. Further, an analysis of assessments of respondents’ L1 and L2 proficiency pre-and post-retirement completed by interviewees’ adult children moderated respondents’ self-reports. The findings revealed a considerable overlap between participants’ self-reports and assessments by their adult children. The study also revealed a relationship between participants’ level of prior education and their ultimate attainment in the L2, with those who had come to New Zealand having learned English at Secondary School English very likely to have achieved a “good” or “very good” level of L2 proficiency. Conversely, those who had not learned the L2 at secondary school prior to arriving in New Zealand, were less likely to have achieved a “very good” level of ultimate attainment as evident both from self-reports and assessments by adult children. The design also included a linguistic analysis of elicited free speech. Data focused on key indicators of age, gender, social class, prior education, occupation and predominant linguistic environment pre- and post-retirement. Free speech was examined for code-switching, response latency and L1 structure in respondents’ spoken L2. Results indicated that a majority of respondents showed minimal if any signs of L2 attrition with concomitant L1 reversion, both as evidenced by their spoken L2 and as indicated by self-reports and assessments by adult children. Any signs of L2 attrition which were found appeared linked to respondents’ level of prior education and L2 proficiency on arrival in New Zealand. Being exposed to a predominantly L1 social environment post-retirement also appeared to result in a lifting of the threshold for L2 lexical items, resulting in a slightly increased response latency in the spoken L2. Three participants said they experienced some problems expressing their healthcare needs to medical professionals, to the extent that they were searching for words. All stated they “got there in the end” but needed more time to paraphrase their health needs. Two subjects avoided the use of the L2 during the interview, even when prompted in English. Three respondents engaged in significant codeswitching from L2 to L1 and vice versa, with two engaging in what Muysken (2000) terms “congruent lexicalisation”. Adult childrens’ reports indicated that the respondents in question had always spoken in this manner, but to a greater extent now, post-retirement. Overall, a number of the healthy older subjects interviewed for the study were showing some signs of increased response latency and lexical retrieval problems when expressing themselves in the L2, but none to the degree that they were no longer able to communicate in that language.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Western Sydney, Macarthur, [Faculty of Education], 1997. / Bibliography: p. 219-226.

Thesis (M.A.-Performance) (Hons.) -- University of Western Sydney, Nepean, 1999. / Bibliography : p. 299-311.

Thesis (Ph.D.) - University of St Andrews, September 2008.