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1 Die Kurzfassung Diese Diplomarbeit befasst sich mit der Taktik der Überwindung der erlogenen Aussage bei der Vernehmung. Sie konzertiert sich in diesem Kontext auf ein Paar Themen, die unmittelbar vernehmende sind. Besonders handelt es sich um die Vorbereitung und den Verlauf der Vernehmung. Die Diplomarbeit befasst sich auch mit den Personen, die die andere vernehmen, oder die vernehmen wird. Bei den vernehmenden Personen konzentriert sich die Diplomarbeit hauptsächlich auf die Beschuldigte und die Zeugen, bei denen ein hohes Risiko sein kann, dass sie mit einer potenziellen Motivation lügenhaft aussagen können. Das Ziel der Arbeit ist, den Querschnitt durch die bisherigen Erkenntnisse über die erlogene Aussage bei der Vernehmung zu machen. Besonders wenn es sich um die Indikatoren und die nachfolgende Methodik handelt, die eine Anleitung sein können, um eine erlogene Aussage bei den konkreten Typen der Menschen zu überwinden. Am Schluss der Arbeit wird es sich auch mit physischdetektiven Untersuchungen befasst. Ein Teil der Arbeit sind auch die Ergebnisse der gegenwärtigen polizeilichen Praxis.

The subject-matter of my thesis is interrogation tactics, i.e. a process when an interrogator choses a specific method which should help him to reach the goal of the interrogation - true and full testimony. The whole thesis is divided into five chapters that are again divided into sections. The introduction chapter describes the basic terms which are crucial for understanding and appreciation of the thesis. Second chapter gives reader an overview on Czech current effective regulation in Criminal Code compared with German current effective regulation and with regulation which was effective on Czech territory in 1873. In the third chapter I dealt with preparing of an interrogation, i.e. analytical a synthesis part, their mutual cohesion and also with different opinions of authors' regarding the problematic whether to divide the preparing of interrogation into phases or not. There are described particular phases of interrogation, in the fourth part that is an introduction, a monologue and a dialog. Each part is described in particular section. In section called dialog I have tried to describe each interrogation tactic, e.g. psychological influence on somebody who is lying. In the end of this chapter I also describe documentation about the process and about results of an interrogation. The least, fifth,...

The diploma thesis deals with psychological aspects of interrogation. The aim of the thesis is to describe general psychological aspects of interrogation, contained in scientific publications in comparison to practical knowledge, gathered by experienced police detectives. The thesis covers both psychological aspects of interrogated person as well as the interrogator. The thesis is comprised of four parts, each divided into chapters and subchapters. In the first part, the focus of the thesis is on testimony, its creation and above all verifying its credibility, as the primary aim of an interrogation is to achieve a complete and credible testimony. In the thesis, there are mentioned psychological methods how to achieve such a testimony, and at the same time how to avoid psychological errors of the investigator. The core of the thesis is dedicated to the topic of psychology of interrogation. This part is divided into three chapters; first chapter describes perception level of both interrogator and interrogated, the second covers the mutual interaction of both parties, and the third one their mutual communication. The communication level is a major part of psychology of interrogation, as the interrogated person expresses themselves not only by spoken word, but also by nonverbal cues such as facial...

While confessions are a powerful form of evidence, innocent people sometimes confess to crimes they did not commit. Many researchers have studied false confessions through laboratory experiments with university students or by focusing on proven cases of false confession. These approaches have led many researchers to form a conceptual framework that law enforcement interrogative methods are a key cause of false confessions. A gap exists in the literature as few researchers have queried law enforcement about false confessions or consulted with officers who specialize in interrogation. For this study, a qualitative case study approach was used to explore the experiences of 13 federal law enforcement polygraph examiners who specialize in interrogation. Telephone interviews were conducted regarding their approach to criminal interrogation, their experiences with false confessions, and the circumstances when false confessions were elicited. NVivo software was used to organize the data. Common themes in interview responses were identified and reduced to a simplified format that could be understood in the context of the research questions. The themes identified that participants conduct themselves professionally, they treat criminal subjects respectfully, they avoid unethical interrogative practices, and false confessions result from individual subject characteristics and police misconduct. No participants reported eliciting a false confession. These findings suggest that false confession researchers may have a biased view of how law enforcement officers interrogate due to their overreliance on laboratory experimentation and their focus on false confession cases. This study promotes positive social change by increasing truthful confessions, decreasing false confessions, and providing a more accurate view of what occurs during real world criminal interrogations.

The Specifics of Interrogation of Children Abstract The diploma thesis focuses on the specifisc of interrogation of children. According to the thesis, children are persons under the age of eighteen. It is imaginary divided into three parts, because this topic can be viewed from the perspective of criminal law, criminalistics and psychology. It is divided into seven chapters. The thesis is based on specialized literature, professional newspaper articles, Czech courts case law, current legislation, internet resources and materials, which were provided on the request by the relevant institutions. The goal of this thesis is to provide available scientific knowledges on this topic and their synthesis in a logical unit. The legal regulation of the interrogation of children is subjected to critical analysis. It is highlighted in questionable issues and there are possible ways for solving them. In the thesis are first defined the basic concepts (an interrogation, a statement, a child). Their knowledge is necessary for understanding the following text. There are introduced various perspectives of interrogation. After that there are general characteristics of the development periods of the child and a brief description of psychological processes applying in phases of statement. Following with summary of these...

87 Interrogation tactics ABSTRACT This thesis deals with interrogation tactics. The topic is still relevant as it is one of the most important and used criminal evidence. The aim of this work was to summarize available knowledge from Czech and foreign literature about conducting the interrogation, with a focus on the mistakes caused by interrogators. In addition to describing these mistakes, the work also recommends how to avoid them. Practical examples were obtained from available case-law and interrogation protocols. The analytical-descriptive and comparative method of research was used. The work is divided into five parts, introduction and conclusion. These parts are divided into individual chapters and subchapters. The first part is focused on the interrogation from the perspective of criminalistics, criminal law and forensic psychology. It defines the meaning and the purpose of interrogation and statement, different types and legal regulation. It also deals with psychological aspects of interrogation tactics. The second part discusses the preparation of the interrogation, an important aspect that should not be underestimated. The preparation is divided into analytical and synthetic phases. The third part of the thesis describes the construction of the interrogation and its three stages - the initial...

Master of Science / Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering / William L. Dunn / This report investigates the feasibility of a standoff interrogation method to identify nitrogen-rich explosive samples shielded by other materials (“clutter”) using neutron beams from Cf-252 and deuterium-tritium (D-T) generator sources. Neutrons from the beams interact with materials in the target to produce inelastic-scatter gamma rays, and, after slowing down to thermal energies, prompt-capture gamma rays. By detection of these gamma rays, a response vector is formed that is used to calculate a figure-of-merit, whose value is dependent upon the contents of the target. Various target configurations, which include an inert-material shield and a sample that may or may not be explosive, were simulated using the MCNP5 code. Both shielding and collimation of 14.1-MeV neutron beams were simulated to produce effective neutron beams for target interrogation purposes and to minimize dose levels. Templates corresponding to particular target scenarios were generated, and their effectiveness at nitrogen-rich explosive identification was explored. Furthermore, methods were proposed yielding more effective templates including grouping target responses by density and composition. The results indicate that neutron-based interrogation has potential to detect shielded nitrogen-rich explosives. The research found that using a tiered filter approach, in which a sample must satisfy several template requirements, achieved the best results for identifying the explosive cyclonite (RDX). A study in which a 14.1-MeV neutron beam irradiated a target containing a shielded sample, which could either be explosive (RDX) or inert, yielded no false negatives and only 2 false positives over a large parameter space of clutter-sample combination.

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This diploma thesis deals with specificity in interrogation of children during the legal proceedings. This topic is not interesting just from the legal and criminalistic point of view, but also from the view of investigative practice. The aim of this work is to map in detail situation that deals with repeated examination of children under the age of fifteen in position of victim or witness. I mainly focused on child victim of sexual abuse, because child is the most vulnerable and it is essential to conduct the examination as sensitively as possible. However, the person who conducts the examination needs to get necessary information, because during these criminal acts child is often the only one who can provide testimony. The first chapter deals with legislation of children as witnesses. In the first part of the chapter I define the term child according to various legal sources. Secondly I deal with the legal point of view dealing with the topic of interrogation of child as a witness which is according to the Criminal Procedure Code. I evaluate it, suggest and justify possible modifications. The second chapter deals with issues related to the topic of interrogation of children mainly from the criminalistic and psychological point of view. I also describe development of children's psyche and its differences...