Dai Wangshu 戴望舒 (1905-1950) was a prolific translator, working on both French and Hispanic literature. However, his translation work has often been considered relevant only to the extent that it helped him to develop a self-fashioned modernist style in his own poetic writing. Moreover, no systematic study has been conducted on his interest in Hispanic literature, particularly on his translation of Federico García Lorca’s poetry, a project to which he dedicated over half of his professional career but left unfinished. In addition, investigations on Dai have been generally approached from a narrow theoretical perspective that has risked overlooking the social factors that affected his literary activities. This thesis, therefore, aims to reveal the extent and the way in which translating Lorca into Chinese contributed to the establishment and consolidation of Dai’s position as a social agent in the field of literary production in China. The methodology is constructed in an attempt to reconcile a sociological perspective on translation drawing on Pierre Bourdieu’s theory with a more interpretive understanding of literary writing based on the notion of transculturation inherited from Latin American cultural studies. Examining Dai’s translation of Lorca’s poetry from this integrated perspective allows foregrounding the heterogeneity and multiplicity of Dai’s literary dispositions, at both a macroscopic and a microscopic level, without ignoring the social factors involved in his translation practice. By embedding Lorca’s poetry in the field of literary production in China, Dai privileged a particular set of possibilities over the others, both literary and ideological at the same time. This kind of behaviour in Dai can be interpreted in terms of transculturation and observed in various textual domains, involving formal literary elements, discourses and worldviews. Furthermore, Dai’s project of translating Lorca’s poetry, which expanded over a three-decade period, allows establishing striking connections among literary journals and groups at various temporal and spatial locations, each of them associated with different and often competing views on translation, literature and politics. In sum, Dai’s translation project of Lorca played a pivotal role in establishing and consolidating Dai’s position in the literary scene to the extent that his status as a literary figure was more determined by his translation work than by his own poetic writing. Dai’s translation of Lorca involved not only transculturating a specific text-type, the romance, but also a particular view on the role of literature in society that, unexpectedly, positioned him as an author opportunistically committed to the Communist cause. This investigation contributes new evidence that helps to question some long-standing assumptions both in studies on Dai and in reflections on the role of translation in Chinese literature. In addition, it allows arguing for a study of such a role at large without the need to subsume translation to any other sort of practice.

Based on the definition and assessment methods proposed in Chapter 2, an analysis of accuracy at the phonetic, spelling, lexical, syntactic, semantic, and textual levels is given, together with an examination of the impact of extra-linguistic factors, such as the time and place of translation, initiator's policy, and translators. The last section defines the texts for the present study. / Chapter 1 is a review of the literature on translation quality assessment in China and in the West. / Chapter 2 reviews the study of accuracy in scientific and technical translation, including an introduction to accuracy, research on accuracy, and definition of accuracy, which involves completeness in information transfer, consistency in terminology, grammaticality in the encoding of the target text, and methods of assessing linguistic accuracy. / Chapter 3 proposes a new theoretical framework and presents texts for the study of accuracy. Apart from complete transfer of information, consistency in terminology, and grammaticality in the encoding of the target text, accuracy should also be assessed by the function of the target text and the impact of extra-linguistic factors. / Chapter 4 is a contrastive analysis of the source and target texts on the basis of the above theoretical framework. This analysis includes features of the source and target texts, methods in translating terms in traditional Chinese medicine, methods in assessing semantic accuracy, types of Chinese medicine formulas and their methods of translation, types of errors in the target texts, and the impact of extra-linguistic factors on translation. / Chapter 5 discusses methods of assessing accuracy with the use of computer-aided tools, illustrating them with examples and offering explanations on the terms and statistics. The software used are Wordsmith 3.0 (Scott, 1998) and MonoConc Pro 2.0 (Barlow, 2000). / Chapter 6 examines computer-aided assessment of the translation of The Pharmacopoeia with a more comprehensive error analysis of the target texts. It is shown that compared with human analysis, computer analysis has a higher speed in search, a broader range of texts, a faster production of wordlists, and a faster and better calculation of errors. This is a more comprehensive assessment of translation accuracy. It concludes with an analysis of the possible impact of the extra-linguistic factors on linguistic encoding. / Chapter 7 proposes methods to improve accuracy through the construction of the bilingual term bank, and offers suggestions to improve the translation by the construction of a translation memory with the computer-aided tools provided by Trados. A comparison of the new translations with the old ones shows marked improvements in the former. / Chapter 8 concludes with the major findings in this thesis. Firstly, computer-aided assessment of accuracy in scientific and technical translation is faster and broader than human assessment. Secondly, methods for assessing accuracy with computer-aided tools are important in filling up gaps in human assessment. Lastly, computer-aided accuracy assessment has a great impact on other relevant areas. / In scientific and technical translation, accuracy is most important. However, the operative aspect of accuracy assessment still eludes us. This is a thorny issue in translation studies and practice. / The purpose of the present study is to use computer tools, such as Wordsmith 3.0 (Scott, 1998) and MonoConc Pro 2.0 (Barlow, 2000), to help to assess accuracy in the English translation of Chinese pharmacological writings, a specific area of scientific and technical translation. The texts used for this study have been selected from the bilingual versions of The Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China (Beijing: Chemical Industry Press, 2000; The Pharmacopoeia hereafter). / The theoretical framework adopted in this thesis is the translation quality assessment model proposed by Reiss (1971/2000) and Vermeer (1996). The emphasis is on the definition and assessment of "accuracy" so as to provide an operative method to assess accuracy in translation, which is supplemented by a computer-aided approach to accuracy. This is done in the following ways: (1) The creation of a bilingual term bank of 1,500 entries and a translation corpus based on the source texts, target texts and 8 Chinese-English dictionaries of medicine. (2) The categorization of the formula names and linguistic items in the source texts and the definition of accuracy and its assessment methods based on research findings in scientific and technical translation. (3) The quantitative and qualitative analysis of translation errors based on the above definition and methods. (4) The comparison of new translations, produced with the aid of computer tools, with the old ones to demonstrate the validity and applicability of the new approach to accuracy assessment. / This thesis is divided into 8 chapters. / 錢多秀. / 呈交日期: 2005年12月. / 論文(哲學博士)--香港中文大學, 2006. / 參考文獻(p. 198-211). / Cheng jiao ri qi: 2005 nian 12 yue. / Adviser: Sin-Wai Chan. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 67-11, Section: A, page: 4165. / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. [Ann Arbor, MI] : ProQuest Information and Learning, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, MI : ProQuest Information and Learning Company, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstracts in Chinese and English. / School code: 1307. / Lun wen (zhe xue bo shi)--Xianggang Zhong wen da xue, 2006. / Can kao wen xian (p. 198-211). / Qian Duoxiu.

Grace Chor Yi Wong. / Publication date from spine. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1995. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves [131]-139). / Acknowledgments --- p.i / Abstract --- p.ii / Chapter Chapter 1. --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.0 --- Background --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Scope of Study --- p.2 / Chapter 1.2 --- Translation vs. Adaptation --- p.5 / Chapter 1.3 --- Translating for the Stage --- p.7 / Chapter Chapter 2. --- Translation of Titles --- p.11 / Chapter 2.0 --- Introduction --- p.11 / Chapter 2.1 --- Classification of Titles --- p.12 / Chapter 2.2 --- Translation of Titles of Six Shakespeare's Comedies --- p.17 / Chapter 2.3 --- Conclusion --- p.27 / Chapter Chapter 3. --- Translation of Names of Characters --- p.29 / Chapter 3.0 --- Introduction --- p.29 / Chapter 3.1 --- Various Strategies at Work --- p.31 / Chapter 3.2 --- Names for Stage Performance --- p.37 / Chapter 3.3 --- Translation of Names of Characters in Six Comedies --- p.41 / Chapter 3.4 --- Conclusion --- p.51 / Chapter Chapter 4. --- Translation of Songs --- p.53 / Chapter 4.0 --- Songs as a dramatic Device in Shakespeare's Comedies --- p.53 / Chapter 4.1 --- The Translation of Songs in Five Comedies --- p.56 / Chapter 4.1.1 --- The Two Gentlemen of Verona --- p.57 / Chapter 4.1.2 --- A Midsummer Night's Dream --- p.60 / Chapter 4.1.3 --- As You Like It --- p.68 / Chapter 4.1.4 --- Twelfth Night --- p.78 / Chapter 4.1.5 --- The Tempest --- p.89 / Chapter 4.2 --- Conclusion --- p.97 / Chapter Chapter 5. --- Settings of the Six Comedies --- p.99 / Chapter 5.0 --- Introduction --- p.99 / Chapter 5.1 --- Settings and the Translation of Titles --- p.101 / Chapter 5.2 --- Settings and the Translation of Character Names --- p.104 / Chapter 5.3 --- Settings and the Translation of Songs --- p.105 / Chapter 5.4 --- Conclusion --- p.108 / Chapter Chapter 6. --- Translation of Puns --- p.109 / Chapter 6.0 --- Introduction --- p.109 / Chapter 6.1 --- Translation of Puns in Six Comedies --- p.111 / Chapter 6.2 --- Conclusion --- p.124 / Chapter Chapter 7. --- Conclusion --- p.127 / Bibliography --- p.131

University of Macau / Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities / Department of English

幽默是人類社會的一種普遍現象，是人們言語交際的一部分，在日常生活中無處不在。研究者們對幽默的研究涵蓋了心理學、哲學、社會學、人類學、神學、文化學等不同的領域。幽默被認為是最難研究的課題之一，翻譯幽默更是難上加難。我們至今對言語幽默的文本語言特徵、對言語幽默的譯文的文本語言特徵、對涉及言語幽默的翻譯過程知之不多。在言語幽默的翻譯中，有時候原文的幽默信息在譯文中完全保留，有時候則不能，原因何在，有關這方面的研究至今不多見；以漢語幽默文本的英譯為語料建立單向平行語料庫，探討漢語言語幽默英譯的一般及特殊規律的研究，尚無人做過，這正是本研究的目的所在。 / 本研究以錢鍾書的小說《圍城》及其英譯本為語料，運用言語幽默概論的理論框架，建立原文和譯文對照的雙語單向平行語料庫，采用語料庫檢索的方法，對語料進行描寫與分析，得出了“譯文要傳遞原文幽默信息需要保留或轉換原文的表層及深層參數特徵，特別是深層參數的腳本對立、表層參數的修辭手段及語言中的本源概念的研究結論。 / 主要研究結果有三： / 一是展示了言語幽默翻譯的一般規律，即“譯文需要保留原文中的腳本對立； / 二是展現了漢語言語幽默翻譯的特殊規律，即“要保留原文中的腳本對立，就需要轉換漢語所特有的修辭手段和漢語本源概念； / 三是顯示了漢語言語幽默的文本語言特徵，即，漢語言語幽默具有表層和深層的參數特徵。表層參數的核心是修辭手段，深層參數的核心是腳本對立；表層參數具有“相似性之奇特統一、“語言要素之巧妙轉移和“不和諧邏輯間之和諧三大特徵；深層參數具有“真實的與非真實的語境對立、“正常的與非正常的語境對立、“合理與不合理的語境對立三大特徵，反映了現實與經驗、話語現實與語言經驗、話語邏輯與正常邏輯的矛盾衝突。 / Humour is regarded as a universal human phenomenon, and funny situations, funny stories, even funny thoughts occur everyday to virtually everybody (Raskin 1985: 1). Humour represents a multidisciplinary and fertile research field. So is Translation Studies. Both draw from linguistics, psychology and sociology, among other disciplines, for their descriptions and their theoretical models and constructs (Zabalbeascoa 2005: 185). What is surprising is that the link between translation and humour has not received sufficient attention from scholars in either field (ibid). / This research attempts to explore how Chinese humorous texts are transferred into English and what factors affect humour transference in the target text, with a focus on the universality of the translation process, by tapping on fresh methodologies of modern Translation Studies such as bilingual corpora and the General Theory of Verbal Humor. The bilingual corpus for the research is from Wei Cheng (Fortress Besieged) (1947/1991/2003), a humorous fiction by the Chinese writer Ch’ien Chung-shu (1910-1998) and its English translation by Jeanne Kelly and Nathan K. Mao (1979/2003). Adopting the General Theory of Verbal Humour (GTVH) (Attardo & Raskin 1991; Attardo 1994, 2001) as the theoretical framework, the research makes a quantitative and qualitative analysis on the samplings from the corpus and obtains some encouraging findings as follows: / (a) Transference of humour in the source text to the target text needs transference of the Script Opposition embedded in the deep parameters of the source text, which shows the universality of translating Chinese verbal humour into English; / (b) More specifically, transference of the Script Opposition embedded in the deep parameters requires transference of specific Chinese rhetoric devices and socioculturally-bound Chinese alien sources in the target text; / (c) Chinese verbal humour has three features in the surface parameters and three features in the deep parameters, which shows the textual characteristics of Chinese verbal humour. The surface parameters show the features of similarity among quite different things, transference among quite different linguistic elements and congruity among incongruous logical elements. The deep parameters show the following three features: opposition between real and unreal situations; opposition between normal and abnormal situations, opposition between possible, plausible and fully or partially impossible or much less plausible situations. / The research draws a conclusion that verbal humour may travel from one culture to another via translation if the target text successfully transfers the Script Opposition embedded in the deep parameters of the source text, the Rhetorical Device in the surface parameters and the alien concepts hidden in the Language Parameter. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / 戈玲玲. / Sumitted date: 2011年12月. / Sumitted date: 2011 nian 12 yue. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2012. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 307-319) / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstracts in Chinese and English. / Ge Lingling. / 摘要 --- p.i / 前言 --- p.vi / 目錄 --- p.vii / 圖表目錄 --- p.x / Chapter 第一章 --- 導論 --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- 研究目的 --- p.2 / Chapter 1.2 --- 原文及作者簡介 --- p.7 / Chapter 1.3 --- 《圍城》的外文譯本 --- p.14 / Chapter 1.4 --- 對《圍城》及其英譯本的研究 --- p.16 / Chapter 1.5 --- 論文結構 --- p.20 / Chapter 第二章 --- 幽默評述及研究 --- p.22 / Chapter 2.1 --- 詞典中對幽默的定义 --- p.22 / Chapter 2.2 --- 前人對幽默的評述與研究 --- p.27 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- 西方的評述與研究 --- p.27 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- 中國的評述與研究 --- p.31 / Chapter 2.2.2.1 --- 林語堂、錢鍾書論幽默 --- p.32 / Chapter 2.2.2.2 --- 其他評述與研究 --- p.34 / Chapter 2.3 --- 言語幽默的可譯性 --- p.37 / Chapter 2.4 --- 小結 --- p.42 / Chapter 第三章 --- 理論框架 --- p.44 / Chapter 3.1 --- 語義腳本理論 --- p.44 / Chapter 3.2 --- 言語幽默概論 --- p.48 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- 六個參數 --- p.50 / Chapter 3.2.1.1 --- 四個必要參數 --- p.51 / Chapter 3.2.1.2 --- 兩個可選參數 --- p.59 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- 六個參數的層級排列：言語幽默相似度測量系統 --- p.65 / Chapter 3.3 --- 言語幽默概論運用於幽默翻譯研究：Attardo（2002） --- p.70 / Chapter 3.4 --- 理論框架的延伸 --- p.73 / Chapter 3.4.1 --- 漢語特有的修辞手段 --- p.74 / Chapter 3.4.2 --- 言語幽默語段的表層參數和深層參數 --- p.76 / Chapter 3.4.2.1 --- 表層參數 --- p.78 / Chapter 3.4.2.2 --- 深層參數 --- p.84 / Chapter 3.5 --- 小結 --- p.87 / Chapter 第四章 --- 《圍城》中幽默語段及其英譯本的雙語平行語料庫 --- p.89 / Chapter 4.1 --- 抽樣過程 --- p.90 / Chapter 4.1.1 --- 《圍城》及其英譯本讀者問卷調查 --- p.90 / Chapter 4.1.2 --- 理論參數 --- p.91 / Chapter 4.2 --- 建立語料庫 --- p.92 / Chapter 4.3 --- 標注漢英對應文本 --- p.94 / Chapter 4.3.1 --- 技術性標注 --- p.94 / Chapter 4.3.2 --- 理論參數標注 --- p.95 / Chapter 4.3.3 --- 本源概念及其翻譯策略的標注 --- p.97 / Chapter 4.4 --- 檢索漢英對應文本 --- p.99 / Chapter 4.4.1 --- 檢索編程 --- p.100 / Chapter 4.4.2 --- 檢索功能 --- p.102 / Chapter 4.5 --- 標注的誤差測定 --- p.114 / Chapter 4.6 --- 小結 --- p.117 / Chapter 第五章 --- 原文中言語幽默語段的分析 --- p.118 / Chapter 5.1 --- 原文幽默語段的表層特徵 --- p.118 / Chapter 5.1.1 --- 表層特徵一：相似性之奇特統一 --- p.119 / Chapter 5.1.2 --- 表層特徵二：語言要素之巧妙轉移 --- p.129 / Chapter 5.1.3 --- 表層特徵三：不和諧邏輯間之和諧 --- p.138 / Chapter 5.2 --- 原文幽默語段的深層特徵 --- p.143 / Chapter 5.3 --- 不規範的參數類型 --- p.149 / Chapter 5.4 --- 表層與深層特徵的對應關係 --- p.160 / Chapter 5.5 --- 小結 --- p.169 / Chapter 第六章 --- 英譯本分析 --- p.171 / Chapter 6.1 --- 英譯本的表層特徵 --- p.172 / Chapter 6.1.1 --- 譯文表層特徵一：相似性之奇特統一 --- p.172 / Chapter 6.1.2 --- 譯文表層特徵二：語言要素之巧妙轉移 --- p.182 / Chapter 6.1.3 --- 譯文表層特徵三：不和諧邏輯間之和諧 --- p.186 / Chapter 6.2. --- 英譯本的深層特徵 --- p.186 / Chapter 6.3 --- 不規範的參數類型 --- p.194 / Chapter 6.4 --- 譯文表層與深層特徵的對應關係 --- p.212 / Chapter 6.5 --- 小結 --- p.222 / Chapter 第七章 --- 譯文、原文對比分析 --- p.224 / Chapter 7.1 --- 譯文、原文總體對比 --- p.224 / Chapter 7.2 --- 譯文、原文分類對比 --- p.226 / Chapter 7.2.1 --- 同型轉換 --- p.227 / Chapter 7.2.2 --- 異型轉換 --- p.229 / Chapter 7.3 --- 譯文、原文表層參數與深層參數的異同對比 --- p.231 / Chapter 7.4 --- 譯文、原文表層與深層特徵對比 --- p.234 / Chapter 7.5 --- 譯文、原文參數的層級排列對比 --- p.235 / Chapter 7.5.1 --- 參數層級排列與原文的參數排列對比 --- p.235 / Chapter 7.5.2 --- 參數層級排列與譯文的參數排列對比 --- p.237 / Chapter 7.5.3 --- 譯文、原文中六個參數的層級排列對比 --- p.239 / Chapter 7.6 --- 小結 --- p.241 / Chapter 第八章 --- 《圍城》中言語幽默的英譯策略 --- p.243 / Chapter 8.1 --- 同型轉換時的翻譯策略 --- p.244 / Chapter 8.2 --- 異型轉換時的翻譯策略--譯文仍然是幽默語段 --- p.259 / Chapter 8.3 --- 異型轉換時的翻譯策略--譯文不是幽默語段 --- p.267 / Chapter 8.4 --- 小結暨討論 --- p.282 / Chapter 第九章 --- 結論 --- p.286 / Chapter 9.1 --- 研究結果 --- p.286 / Chapter 9.2 --- 研究局限 --- p.291 / Chapter 9.3 --- 研究前景 --- p.292 / 附錄一 --- p.294 / 參考文獻 --- p.307

Thesis (MPhil (Afrikaans and Dutch))—University of Stellenbosch, 2007. / At present there is an extreme shortage in the publication of Afrikaans children’s books. Although revised publications of popular, classic series, such as the Maasdorp-, Trompie- and Saartjie-series can help fill the void in the market, the contribution made by translations of children’s books should not be underestimated: Afrikaans translations of popular children’s books, such as the Harry Potter- and Narnia-series are well-liked and can even encourage young readers to develop an Afrikaans reading culture. Young readers throughout the world get pleasure from the books written by the renowned German author Cornelia Funke. Funke is viewed as an influential author of children’s books and this is largely due to her popular fantasy-adventure Tintenherz; the extremely original plot of this fantasy-adventure, which forms part of a trilogy, persuades young readers to change their unenthusiastic approach towards reading by showing them that reading can be a pleasant, thrilling experience. This study attempts to prove that an Afrikaans translation of Tintenherz can make an important contribution to fill the void in the Afrikaans children’s literature, as well as encourage young readers to read more. Critics fear that translations of popular children’s books might flood the market with books that might be cheaper, but that are second-rate versions of the original texts since the translations fail to achieve the same literary standards as the original texts. This study attempts to prove that knowledge of theoretical translation strategies, such as George Steiner’s hermeneutic motion, Lawrence Venuti’s approaches of foreignisation and domestication, as well as André Levere’s approach of rewrite as a form of translation do in fact make it possible to produce an Afrikaans translation of Tintenherz which not only meets the requirements of the target-culture and satisfies the wants of the target-readers, but also upholds the literary standard of the original German text.

Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2013. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: South African author Linda Rode‘s book In die Nimmer-Immer Bos (2009a) and Elsa Silke‘s English translation thereof In the Never-Ever Wood (2009b) have won a number of prizes in South Africa, which is evidence both of the quality of the anthology and its translation, as well as of the continued significance of the folktale genre in today‘s fast-paced, modern society. People continue to make sense of the world through telling stories and, although the stories told today might be marked by life in the 21st century, our ancestors‘ stories are still appreciated by many. Although Rode‘s tales are not unlike other folktales, her collection differs in that it is a mosaic of cultures and their folklore spanning the globe, a book that appeals to the whole family, and to young readers and listeners in particular. Through a practical translation into German of selected tales from Silke‘s English version of Rode‘s book, the present thesis investigates ways and means of translating folktales for children. A functional approach was suggested, taking into account the European audience as well as the original intention of the author. As such, the author‘s style was naturalised and an attempt was made to replicate it in the target language, whereas culture-specific items relevant to the setting of the individual tales were retained. Hans J. Vermeer‘s skopos theory, as enhanced by Christiane Nord, as well as Lawrence Venuti‘s concepts of foreignisation and domestication were discussed, amongst other relevant theories. Many of the challenges discussed in the annotations to the practical translation typically occur in the translation of literature for children, and the study thus hopes to make a contribution to research on the translation of literature for children. Interviews conducted for the purpose of the present study furthermore proved the positive impact of good cooperation between the people involved in a translation project on the final translation product. The resulting translation, meant to impart knowledge and pleasure to the audience, furthermore serves as a translation sample that is intended to entice German publishers to commission a translation of Rode‘s anthology for the German book market. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die Suid-Afrikaanse skrywer Linda Rode se boek In die Nimmer-Immer Bos (2009a), sowel as die Engelse vertaling daarvan deur Elsa Silke, getiteld In the Never-Ever Wood (2009b), is in Suid-Afrika met verskeie pryse bekroon. Hierdie erkenning is ‘n bevestiging van die gehalte van die antologie en van die vertaling, sowel as van die voortgesette belangrikheid van volksoorleweringe as genre in die gejaagde, moderne samelewing van vandag. Mense maak steeds sin van die wêreld deur stories te vertel, en hoewel die stories wat vandag vertel word meestal handel oor die lewe in die 21ste eeu, word die stories van ons voorouers steeds deur baie mense waardeer. Hoewel Rode se verhale nie besonder anders as ander volksverhale is nie, verskil haar versameling in dié opsig dat dit ‘n mosaïek van kulture en volksoorleweringe van regoor die wêreld is. Die boek is dus een waarby die hele gesin, maar veral jong lesers en luisteraars, aanklank kan vind. Hierdie tesis ondersoek, deur ‘n praktiese vertaling van enkele verhale uit die Engelse weergawe van Rode se boek in Duits, strategieë vir die vertaling van volksverhale vir kinders. ‘n Funksionalistiese benadering is gevolg, wat die Europese gehoor sowel as die oorspronklike bedoeling van die skrywer in ag neem. In die lig hiervan is die styl van die skrywer genaturaliseer en, waar moontlik, na die doeltaal oorgedra, terwyl kultuurspesifieke items behou is wat relevant is vir die agtergrond waarteen die individuele verhale afspeel. Hans J. Vermeer se skoposteorie, soos aangepas deur Christiane Nord, sowel as Lawrence Venuti se konsepte vervreemding en domestikering is bespreek, saam met ander relevante teorieë. Baie van die uitdagings wat in die annotasies by die praktiese vertaling bespreek word, kom dikwels in die vertaling van kinderliteratuur voor. Hierdie studie hoop dus om ‘n bydrae tot navorsing oor die vertaling van verhale vir kinders te lewer. Onderhoude wat vir die doel van die studie gevoer is, het verder bewys gelewer van die positiewe impak wat goeie samewerking tussen die rolspelers in ‘n vertaalprojek op die finale vertaalproduk kan hê. Die uiteindelike vertaling, wat bedoel is om kennis oor te dra en genot aan die gehoor te verskaf, dien verder as ‘n vertaalvoorbeeld wat Duitse uitgewers hopelik sal aanmoedig om Rode se antologie vir die Duitse boekemark te laat vertaal.

Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2012. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Few people realize exactly how complicated the translation of children’s poetry is. Translators do not only have to adhere to the young readers’ desires and satisfy the adult critics, but are constantly confronted with choices concerning the translation of the ‘play-element’ (structure) and the ‘visual element’ (content) of children’s verses, i.e. the translation of cultural elements, figurative language, pun, nonce words, onomatopoeia, alliteration, rhyme and meter. In addition, their translation strategies are continually subjective to and restricted by the visual text (illustrations) in the source texts, which interrelate with the verbal text (verses). In this descriptive, systematic analysis the Afrikaans and French translations of Mother Goose’s nursery rhymes, Dr. Seuss’s rhyming picture books and Roald Dahl’s verse fragments are compared to one another and the source texts in order to identify the various translation strategies and theoretical translation approaches used by the various Afrikaans and French translators, to make concrete observations about the translation of children’s poetry that can be useful for translators, and to establish if it is indeed possible to create translations of children’s verses that remain true to the ‘spirit’ of the original poetic texts, can function as autonomous texts in the target system, and that can supplement the Afrikaans and French children’s literature systems. __________________________________________________________________________ / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Min mense besef hóé ingewikkeld die vertaling van kinderverse eintlik is. Vertalers moet nie net tegelykertyd aan jong lesers se behoeftes voldoen en volwasse kritici tevrede stel nie, maar word ook deurgaans gekonfronteer met keuses wat betref die vertaling van die spel-element (struktuur) en visuele element (inhoud) van kinderverse, o.a. die vertaling van kultuurgebonde verwysings, beeldspraak, woordspel, neologisme, onomatopee, alliterasie, rym en metrum. Daarbenewens word die vertalers se vertaalstrategieë beïnvloed en beperk omdat die visuele teks (illustrasies) in die brontekste deurgaans met die verbale teks (verse) in gesprek tree. In dié deskriptiewe sisteemondersoek word die Afrikaanse en Franse vertalings van Moeder Gans se kinderrympies, Dr. Seuss se versverhale en Roald Dahl se prosimetriese kinderstories met mekaar en die brontekste vergelyk om die verskillende vertaalstrategieë en teoreties gefundeerde vertaalbenaderings wat deur die onderskeie Afrikaanse en Franse vertalers toegepas is, te identifiseer, konkrete bevindinge oor die vertaling van die kindervers te maak wat vir toekomstige vertalers van praktiese nut kan wees, en te bepaal of dit inderdaad moontlik is om vertalings van kinderverse te skep wat getrou bly aan die ‘gees’ van die oorspronklike gedigtekste, as selfstandige tekste in die doelsisteem kan funksioneer, en die Afrikaanse en Franse kinder- en jeugliteratuursisteme kan aanvul.

University of Macau / Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities / Department of English

No description available.