No / Pakistan's Directorate of Inter-Service Intelligence [ISI] plays an ambiguous role in the War on Terrorism. An important ally for Western intelligence with whom it has very close links, the ISI also has a long history of involvement in supporting and promoting terrorism in the name of Pakistan's geostrategic interests. This article explores the nature of the ISI and its aims and objectives in the post-9/11 era. It argues that the focus of the ISI's actions are to shore up Pakistan's ruling elite and to destabilize Pakistan's enemies by the promotion of Sunni Islamism at home and of pan-Islamist jihad abroad. The ISI's strategy, however, deeply conflicts with that of the West, a point underlined by the resurgence of Al Qaeda and the Taliban almost six years after the War on Terrorism began. With grave new trends evident in Pakistan, reliance on the ISI is failing and a Western rethink of its intelligence strategy toward Pakistan is now imperative.

Os Parques Eco-Industriais (EIP - Eco-Industrial Park) surgiram como um novo modelo de organização espacial para arranjos industriais. Uma característica importante para um EIP é a adoção do conceito de simbiose industrial (SI), em que as empresas reutilizam resíduos em busca de um sistema fechado, diminuindo impacto ambiental. Há propostas para avaliar o fluxo de resíduos e a simbiose de um EIP por meio de indicadores detalhados em um determinado momento. Porém, trata-se de uma visão estática do parque na qual seria possível que os agentes implementassem mudanças para construir uma situação de sistema fechado ideal. Pesquisas recentes demonstram que essa abordagem enfrenta algumas limitações, uma vez que o processo de simbiose depende das decisões rotineiras e individuais de cada ator, empresários, técnicos e agenciadores, as quais podem alterar a dinâmica do fluxo de material no decorrer do tempo. A fim de contribuir, propõe-se um indicador de simbiose industrial diferente, elaborado segundo a abordagem do parque como um sistema dinâmico. Trata-se de uma ferramenta capaz de monitorar o nível de simbiose de um parque ao longo do tempo. Diferencia-se por permitir que a organização agenciadora possa implementar políticas de incentivo à simbiose industrial, influenciando nas decisões rotineiras dos diversos agentes do parque, em prol da simbiose. Empregaram-se estudos de caso, revisão sistemática da literatura e análise teórico-conceitual. Os primeiros resultados foram dois estudos de casos em parques que se autodenominavam EIPs, identificando oportunidades para a promoção da simbiose. O segundo resultado foi a proposta teórico-conceitual do Indicador de Simbiose Industrial (ISI) que pode ser utilizado como instrumento para o ambiente industrial dinâmico. Por fim, apresenta-se a análise das propriedades do indicador a partir de dados obtidos em um dos casos. Os resultados indicaram que o ISI pode identificar níveis de simbiose distintos para um mesmo parque, conforme sua evolução em direção a uma simbiose perfeita. A avaliação da coerência do ISI permitiu demonstrar sua capacidade em captar a ausência e a presença do processo de simbiose, atendendo as expectativas iniciais da construção do indicador. A avaliação do comportamento do ISI por meio da variação dos seus elementos permitiu analisar o indicador sob diferentes possibilidades, correspondendo positivamente às expectativas da pesquisa. Indica-se também várias questões que precisam ser verificadas para a validação do indicador e os próximos passos para torná-lo uma ferramenta útil para o gerenciamento de parques industriais interessados em aprimorar o seu nível de simbiose industrial. / The Eco-Industrial Parks (EIP - Eco-Industrial Park) emerged as a new model of spatial organization for industrial arrangements. An important feature for an EIP is the adoption of the concept of industrial symbiosis (IS), in which companies reuse waste to reach a closed system, reducing environmental impact. There are proposals to assess the waste stream and the symbiosis of an EIP through detailed indicators at a determined time. However, it is a static view of the park in which would be possible to the managers implement changes to construct a state of ideal closed system. Recent researches show that this approach faces some limitations, once the process symbiosis depends on the routine and individual decisions of the actors, managers, technicians and agents, which can alter the dynamics of the material flow through time. In order to contribute, it is proposed an different indicator of industrial symbiosis, prepared according to the approach of the park as a dynamic system. This is a tool that can monitor the level of symbiosis of a park during a determined time. This is different because allow the agent organization to implement policies to encourage industrial symbiosis influencing the routines decisions of the parks agents in favor of symbiosis. It was made case studies, systematic review of the literature and theoretical and conceptual analysis. The first results were two case studies in parks that called themselves EIPs, identifying opportunities to promote symbiosis. The second result was the proposed theoretical-conceptual Indicator Industrial Symbiosis (ISI) which can be used as a tool for the dynamic industrial environment. Finally, it shows the analysis of the indicator properties considering data obtained in one of the cases. The results indicated that the ISI can identify different levels of symbiosis for the same park as its evolution toward a perfect symbiosis. The assessment of the consistency of the ISI has demonstrated its ability to capture the absence and presence of the symbiosis process, confirming the expectations of the initial construction of the indicator. The performance evaluation of the ISI through the variation of its elements, allowed us to analyze the indicator under different possibilities, corresponding positively to the expectations of the research. Also, it indicates that several issues need to be checked to validate the indicator and the next steps to make it a useful tool for managing industrial parks interested in improving their level of industrial symbiosis.

Os Parques Eco-Industriais (EIP - Eco-Industrial Park) surgiram como um novo modelo de organização espacial para arranjos industriais. Uma característica importante para um EIP é a adoção do conceito de simbiose industrial (SI), em que as empresas reutilizam resíduos em busca de um sistema fechado, diminuindo impacto ambiental. Há propostas para avaliar o fluxo de resíduos e a simbiose de um EIP por meio de indicadores detalhados em um determinado momento. Porém, trata-se de uma visão estática do parque na qual seria possível que os agentes implementassem mudanças para construir uma situação de sistema fechado ideal. Pesquisas recentes demonstram que essa abordagem enfrenta algumas limitações, uma vez que o processo de simbiose depende das decisões rotineiras e individuais de cada ator, empresários, técnicos e agenciadores, as quais podem alterar a dinâmica do fluxo de material no decorrer do tempo. A fim de contribuir, propõe-se um indicador de simbiose industrial diferente, elaborado segundo a abordagem do parque como um sistema dinâmico. Trata-se de uma ferramenta capaz de monitorar o nível de simbiose de um parque ao longo do tempo. Diferencia-se por permitir que a organização agenciadora possa implementar políticas de incentivo à simbiose industrial, influenciando nas decisões rotineiras dos diversos agentes do parque, em prol da simbiose. Empregaram-se estudos de caso, revisão sistemática da literatura e análise teórico-conceitual. Os primeiros resultados foram dois estudos de casos em parques que se autodenominavam EIPs, identificando oportunidades para a promoção da simbiose. O segundo resultado foi a proposta teórico-conceitual do Indicador de Simbiose Industrial (ISI) que pode ser utilizado como instrumento para o ambiente industrial dinâmico. Por fim, apresenta-se a análise das propriedades do indicador a partir de dados obtidos em um dos casos. Os resultados indicaram que o ISI pode identificar níveis de simbiose distintos para um mesmo parque, conforme sua evolução em direção a uma simbiose perfeita. A avaliação da coerência do ISI permitiu demonstrar sua capacidade em captar a ausência e a presença do processo de simbiose, atendendo as expectativas iniciais da construção do indicador. A avaliação do comportamento do ISI por meio da variação dos seus elementos permitiu analisar o indicador sob diferentes possibilidades, correspondendo positivamente às expectativas da pesquisa. Indica-se também várias questões que precisam ser verificadas para a validação do indicador e os próximos passos para torná-lo uma ferramenta útil para o gerenciamento de parques industriais interessados em aprimorar o seu nível de simbiose industrial. / The Eco-Industrial Parks (EIP - Eco-Industrial Park) emerged as a new model of spatial organization for industrial arrangements. An important feature for an EIP is the adoption of the concept of industrial symbiosis (IS), in which companies reuse waste to reach a closed system, reducing environmental impact. There are proposals to assess the waste stream and the symbiosis of an EIP through detailed indicators at a determined time. However, it is a static view of the park in which would be possible to the managers implement changes to construct a state of ideal closed system. Recent researches show that this approach faces some limitations, once the process symbiosis depends on the routine and individual decisions of the actors, managers, technicians and agents, which can alter the dynamics of the material flow through time. In order to contribute, it is proposed an different indicator of industrial symbiosis, prepared according to the approach of the park as a dynamic system. This is a tool that can monitor the level of symbiosis of a park during a determined time. This is different because allow the agent organization to implement policies to encourage industrial symbiosis influencing the routines decisions of the parks agents in favor of symbiosis. It was made case studies, systematic review of the literature and theoretical and conceptual analysis. The first results were two case studies in parks that called themselves EIPs, identifying opportunities to promote symbiosis. The second result was the proposed theoretical-conceptual Indicator Industrial Symbiosis (ISI) which can be used as a tool for the dynamic industrial environment. Finally, it shows the analysis of the indicator properties considering data obtained in one of the cases. The results indicated that the ISI can identify different levels of symbiosis for the same park as its evolution toward a perfect symbiosis. The assessment of the consistency of the ISI has demonstrated its ability to capture the absence and presence of the symbiosis process, confirming the expectations of the initial construction of the indicator. The performance evaluation of the ISI through the variation of its elements, allowed us to analyze the indicator under different possibilities, corresponding positively to the expectations of the research. Also, it indicates that several issues need to be checked to validate the indicator and the next steps to make it a useful tool for managing industrial parks interested in improving their level of industrial symbiosis.

Personer som drabbats av depression återfaller/återinsjuknar ofta en eller flera gånger i livet. Forskning har visat att b la demografiska faktorer, residualsymtom och insomni är prediktorer för återfall. Syftet med studien var därför att undersöka betydelsen av demografiska faktorer, residualsymtom och insomni för nivån av depression 6-12 månader efter avslutad behandling på en psykiatrisk specialistmottagning. Urvalet var alla patienter som diagnosticerats med depression eller recidiverande depression och genomgått KBT-terapi under perioden 2008 – september 2013, och som hade uppföljningsdata vid sex eller tolv-månader, vilket sammanlagt var 111 patienter. Beroendevariabel var resultat på formuläret Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). Resultaten visade att patienter med residualsymtom inte försämrades signifikant mellan eftermätningen och uppföjningsmätningen, ett fynd som inte överensstämmer med forskning på området. Regressionsanalyser visade ingen signifikant påverkan av kön, ålder och utbildningsnivå på senare nivå av depression vid uppföljningsmätning. Däremot visade regressionsanalyser att sömnbesvär, mätt med formuläret Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), vid framför allt eftermätning hade ett samband med senare nivå av depression vid uppföljningsmätningen. Resultaten indikerade att kvarstående sömnbesvär då behandlingen avslutades predicerade senare nivå av depression. Slutsatsen är att ett tillägg av en sömnintervention för de patienter som har insomni då behandlingen avslutas kan minska sannolikheten för återfall i depression. Då många patienter saknade uppföljningsdata kunde inga säkra slutsatser dras.

<p>New high quality mobile telecommunication services are offered everyday and the demand for higher data rates is continuously increasing. To maximize the uplink throughput in HSPA when transmission is propagated through a dispersive channel causing self-interference, equalizers are used. One interesting solution, where the equalizer and decoder exchange information in an iterative way, for improving the equalizer performance is Turbo equalization.</p><p>In this thesis a literature survey has been performed on Turbo equalization methods and a chosen method has been implemented for the uplink HSPA standard to evaluate the performance in heavily dispersive channels. The selected algorithm has been adapted for multiple receiving antennas, oversampled processing and HARQ retransmissions. The results derived from the computer based link simulations show that the implemented algorithm provide a gain of approximately 0.5 dB when performing up to 7 Turbo equalization iterations. Gains up to 1 dB have been obtained by disabling power control, not using retransmission combining and utilizing a single receiver antenna. The algorithm has also been evaluated considering alternative dispersive channels, Log-MAP decoding, different code rates, number of Turbo equalization iterations and number of Turbo decoding iterations.</p><p>The simulation results do not motivate a real implementation of the chosen algorithm considering the increased computational complexity and small gain achieved in a full featured receiver system. Further studies are needed before concluding the HSPA uplink Turbo equalization approach.</p>

The ISI provides librarians with tools such as the Journal Citation Reports (JCR) and the institution specific Local Journal Utilization Report (LJUR) to aid in the management of serials collections. These tools enable librarians to respond quickly to changes in publishing practices and purchasing options. While available literature often criticizes ISI data, few studies provide concrete recommendations for improvement. This study explores two extensions to LJUR: (1) adding citation date and (2) creating institution specific impact factors. In addition, I explore the degree to which self-citations influence the ISI impact factor. Publication and citation calculations are made for three prominent southern universities’ research chemists using a corpus of full text articles drawn from 27 American Chemical Society (ACS) journals and stored in an Oracle database. The ACS research corpus impact factor simulation and ACS research corpus self-citation omission impact factor are also created and compared with current JCR data.

New high quality mobile telecommunication services are offered everyday and the demand for higher data rates is continuously increasing. To maximize the uplink throughput in HSPA when transmission is propagated through a dispersive channel causing self-interference, equalizers are used. One interesting solution, where the equalizer and decoder exchange information in an iterative way, for improving the equalizer performance is Turbo equalization. In this thesis a literature survey has been performed on Turbo equalization methods and a chosen method has been implemented for the uplink HSPA standard to evaluate the performance in heavily dispersive channels. The selected algorithm has been adapted for multiple receiving antennas, oversampled processing and HARQ retransmissions. The results derived from the computer based link simulations show that the implemented algorithm provide a gain of approximately 0.5 dB when performing up to 7 Turbo equalization iterations. Gains up to 1 dB have been obtained by disabling power control, not using retransmission combining and utilizing a single receiver antenna. The algorithm has also been evaluated considering alternative dispersive channels, Log-MAP decoding, different code rates, number of Turbo equalization iterations and number of Turbo decoding iterations. The simulation results do not motivate a real implementation of the chosen algorithm considering the increased computational complexity and small gain achieved in a full featured receiver system. Further studies are needed before concluding the HSPA uplink Turbo equalization approach.

In recent years, relay communication has been proved to achieve the transmis-sion diversity order with space-time block coding (STBC). Most research assumedthat the relay nodes are in perfect synchronization. However, in actual, becausethe transmitting time at each relay is different, the signals from different relays received at destination will interfere with each other. Inter-symbol interference (ISI) iscaused. Besides, the time synchronization error will reduce orthogonality of space-time block coding and result in serious performance degrade. This thesis proposes a time delay compensation method by using Fourier transform and Least Square(LS)estimation method. The destination node can utilize the estimated time delay tosynchronize the received signal. Then, the space-time coding will maintain orthogonality at the receiver. Simulation results show that the proposed method caneffectively improve the performance of cooperative networks when imperfect timesynchronization exists.

In recent years Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) systems have been employed in wireless communication systems to reach the goals of high data rate. A MIMO use multiple antennas at both transmitting and receiving ends. These antennas communicate with each other on the same frequency band and help in linearly increasing the channel capacity. Due to the multi paths wireless channels face the problem of channel fading which cause Inter Symbol Interference (ISI). Each channel path has an independent path delay, independent path loss or path gain and phase shift, cause deformations in a signal and due to this deformation the receiver can detect a wrong or a distorted signal. To remove this fading effect of channel from received signal many Neural Network (NN) based channel equalizers have been proposed in literature. Due to high level non-linearity, NN can be efficient to decode transmitted symbols that are effected by fading channels. The task of channel equalization can also be considered as a classification job. In the data (received symbol sequences) spaces NN can easily make decision regions. Specifically, NN has the universal approximation capability and form decision regions with arbitrarily shaped boundaries. This property supports the NN to be introduced and perform the task of channel equalization and symbol detection. This research project presents the implementation of NN to be use as a channel equalizer for Rayleigh fading channels causing ISI in MIMO systems. Channel equalization has been done using NN as a classification problem. The equalizer is implemented over MIMO system of different forms using Quadrature Amplitude Modulation scheme (4QAM &amp; 16QAM) signals. Levenberg-Marquardt (LM), One Step Secant (OSS), Gradient Descent (GD), Resilient backpropagation (Rprop) and Conjugate Gradient (CG) algorithms are used for the training of NN. The Weights calculated during the training process provides the equalization matrix as an estimate of Channel. The output of the NN provides the estimate of transmitted signals. The equalizer is assessed in terms of Symbol Error Rate (SER) and equalizer efficiency.

This study is an examination and evaluation of the outcomes of a series of courses that I helped build to create a graduate certificate. Specifically, I wanted to evaluate whether or not the online iteration of the Informal Science Institutions Environmental Education Graduate Certificate Program truly provided the long term professional development needed to enhance the skills of the formal and informal educators participating so that they could contribute meaningfully to the improvement of science literacy in their respective communities. My role as an internal evaluator provided an extraordinary opportunity to know the intent of the learning opportunities and why they were constructed in a particular fashion. Through the combination of my skills, personal experiences both within the certificate’s predecessor and as an educator, I was uniquely qualified to explore the outcomes of this program and evaluate its effectiveness in providing a long-term professional development for participants. After conducting a literature review that emphasized a need for greater scientific literacy in communities across America, it was evident that the formal education enterprise needs the support of informal educators working on the ground in myriad different settings in ways that provide science as both content and process, learning science facts and doing real science. Through a bridging of informal science educators with formal teachers, it was thought each could learn the culture of the other, making each more fluent in accessing community resources to help make these educators more collaborative and able to bridge the classroom with the outside world. This bridge promotes ongoing, lifelong learning, which in turn can help the national goal of greater scientific literacy. This study provided insight into the thinking involved in the learners’ growth as they converted theory presented in course materials into practice. Through an iterative process of reviewing the course generated content, I was able to piece through the many layers of this two year long program to examine the growth of these individuals over time. While all participants showed growth completing the certificate program, those who could fully invest themselves in the experiences seemed to have gained the most. These cases indicate the Informal Science Institutions Environmental Education Graduate Certificate Program was effective at enhancing the careers of formal and informal science educators. Additionally, it suggests informal science educators, although busy with their professional obligations and personal lives, can be successful in a formal graduate program designed to meet ISE needs as explicated in Learning Science in Informal Environments: People, Places, and Pursuits (Bell, Lewenstein, Shouse, & Feder, 2009). The emergent model indicating connections among a person’s personal life, professional life, and graduate study may also have implications for other professionals desiring to enroll in graduate school. For example, science teachers in university graduate programs may also benefit from applying this model to their lives.