This article deals with the translation into Italian of the Swahili novel Utengano by Said Ahmad Mohamed, which was published in March 2005 under the title `Seperazione`by an Italian Publishing House, Rubbettino Editiore. Translation is a very important form of intercultural communication, which can provide contact with new readers, expected and unexpected ones. In the following pages I will decribe the main features of my translation of the novel Utengano, highlighting the main differences between the first version, that I produced as an appendix to the M.A. thesis, and the manuscript that I submitted to the publishing house.

This article deals with the translation into Italian of the Swahili novel Utengano by Said Ahmad Mohamed, which was published in March 2005 under the title `Seperazione`by an Italian Publishing House, Rubbettino Editiore. Translation is a very important form of intercultural communication, which can provide contact with new readers, expected and unexpected ones. In the following pages I will decribe the main features of my translation of the novel Utengano, highlighting the main differences between the first version, that I produced as an appendix to the M.A. thesis, and the manuscript that I submitted to the publishing house.

This research presents a synchronic and a diachronic investigation of six Italian translations of Alice's Adventures in Wonderland (Alice) across a century (1872-1988). This work draws on Antoine Berman's method for the analysis of literary translations and integrates it with interdisciplinary theoretical approaches focused on the investigation of children's literature in translation. The premises of children's literature studies, translation studies, and retranslation studies underpin the analytical framework that supports the textual analysis. The examination focuses in particular on the translation strategies used to convey in Italian the culture-specific references that contribute to fashion the identity of Alice and her Wonderland. The research operates on two different levels. Firstly, it presents a synchronic investigation concerned with a close reading and analysis of each translation in linguistic and textual terms. The elements examined in the detailed survey offer the opportunity to retrace the translators' unique understanding of Alice and discuss how it was conveyed to the Italian readers. Secondly, it proposes a diachronic investigation comparing, from a chronological perspective, the translation solutions previously identified and examines how the concepts of the image of the child and dual readership have evolved in the Italian translations. The purpose of the study is to investigate the translation strategies to convey Alice in Italian, observe the patterns that emerge from the analysis of the texts and advance explanatory hypotheses that would account for the changes in the translators' understanding of Carroll's novel over time. The close reading the research centres on aims to provide a meticulous collection of the translation solutions found in the texts; these are not confined to particular passages of the book but are found throughout it, thus offering support for future analysis on the translations of Alice. Finally, this research also aims to contribute to the analysis of children's literature in translation by providing an analytical framework able to support the investigation of different aspects of books for children in translation in other languages other than Italian.

[pt] O presente trabalho de pesquisa concentra-se na área de estudos da linguagem, constando de dois troncos principais: um primeiro de análise teórica, em que se abordam questões de filosofia da linguagem e filosofia estética; e um outro de linguística aplicada, com a tradução comentada para o italiano de trechos do livro Ó (2008), de Nuno Ramos. Consta também um apêndice com a tradução integral do livro. Particularmente na primeira parte da tese serão abordadas questões relativas à análise e identificação dos procedimentos estéticos da escrita de Nuno Ramos, tentando entender suas relações com as práticas de artes plásticas e relativas contaminações, abordando a obra na perspectiva da literatura nos seus campos expandidos. Os procedimentos e técnicas usados na escrita e sua relação com as artes plásticas serão investigados de forma a entender a operação estética subjacente, investigando de que forma, a partir das características da obra, instaurar-se-ia uma relação de reciprocidade com o leitor ao qual caberia um papel ativo na produção de sentido. Os procedimentos estéticos usados pelo autor serão relacionados à sua poética de multi-artista, especialmente, na relação entre as palavras e as coisas, que se traduz no embate entre linguagem e matéria. A segunda parte, de linguística aplicada, envolve a prática tradutória stricto sensu a partir das análises desenvolvidas na seção anterior. Com base na leitura e análise da obra, e acrescentando uma parte teórico-metodológica específica sobre tradução, são definidas as linhas norteadoras das escolhas tradutórias, identificando técnicas, práticas e soluções de tradução que possam restituir no texto italiano a mesma operação estética do texto fonte. Particularmente importante será a realização, através de uma tradução que reescreva os procedimentos estéticos do texto português, conseguir recriar a relação de reciprocidade entre obra e o leitor, de forma a ativar o empasses de percepção, base para o desenvolvimento de espaços de pensamento ético-político. Uma vez identificadas as linhas tradutórias, elas serão desenvolvidas e exemplificadas através de trechos de tradução comentada. / [en] This research - in the area of language studies - consists of two main sections: the first of theoretical analysis, in which we deal with issues related to the philosophy of language and aesthetic; another of applied linguistics, in which will be presented the commented translation in Italian of selected extracts from the book Ó (2008) by Nuno Ramos. The complete translation of the book is presented as appendix to this thesis. In the first part will be investigated issues related to the analysis and identification of the aesthetic procedures of Nuno Ramos writing, also trying to understand their relationships with plastic arts practices and possible contaminations; the work will be also investigated from the perspective of literature and its extension in different expressive fields. The procedures and techniques used in writing and its relationship with the plastic arts will be examined in order to understand and identify what type of aesthetic operation underlies, analyzing how, starting from the salient features of the work, a relationship of reciprocity could be established between the work and the reader who would have an active role in the production of meaning. The aesthetic procedures implemented by the author will be related to his poetics as multiartist, especially in the relationship between words and things, which leads into a clash between language and matter. The second part, of applied linguistics, concerns the translation practice stricto sensu, realized starting from the analyzes developed in the previous section. Based on the reading and interpretation of the work - also implementing a specific theoreticalmethodological part on translation -, will be defined the guidelines for the translation choices, highlighting techniques, practices and translation solutions that can reproduce the same aesthetic operation of the source text in the Italian text . It will be particularly important to recreate, through a translation that rewrites the aesthetic procedures of the Portuguese text, a relationship of reciprocity between the work and the reader, in order to activate the same impasse of perception - a fundamental element to open spaces for an ethical-political thinking. Once the guidelines are defined, they will be developed and exemplified through extracts of commented translation. / [it] Il presente lavoro di ricerca - afferente all area di studi del linguaggio - si compone di due tronchi principali: il primo di analisi teorica, in ci si affrontando questioni relative alla filosofia del linguaggio e alla filosofia estetica; un altro di linguistica applicata, con la traduzione commentata in italiano di estratti selezionati del libro Ó (2008) di Nuno Ramos. La traduzione integrale del libro costituisce appendice alla presente tesi. Nella prima parte saranno affrontate questioni relative all analisi e identificazione dei procedimenti estetici della scrittura di Nuno Ramos, provando a comprenderne le relazioni con le pratiche delle arti plastiche e relative contaminazioni, investigando l opera sotto la prospettiva della letteratura e la sua estensione in campi espressivi diversi. I procedimenti e le tecniche usate nella scrittura e la sua relazione con le arti plastiche saranno investigati in modo da comprendere e identificare che tipo di operazione estetica vi soggiace, analizzando in che modo, proprio partendo dalle caratteristiche salienti dell opera, si instaurerebbe una relazione di reciprocità tra l opera e il lettore al quale toccherebbe il ruolo attivo nella produzione di senso. I procedimenti estetici messi in atto dall autore saranno relazionati alla sua poetica di multi-artista, soprattutto nel rapporto tra le parole e le cose, che si traduce in uno scontro tra linguaggio e materia.