Růžička, L. Isolation of alkaloids from Geissospermum vellosii Allemão and study of their biological activity. Diploma thesis, Department of pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Czech Republic, 2020. The aim of this diploma thesis are alkaloids from Geissospermum vellosii. This tree native in South America is commonly used for treatment of various diseases, including cognitive deficits in elder people1 . The study is based on previous research that was focused on inhibition of human cholinesterases and glycogensynthase 3 β(GSK-3 β), which can be used in treatment of Alzheimer disease. Incidence of this disease is rising up in the last decades and it represents a big burden for both health service and economy of developed countries2 . Isolation was carried out from crude crushed stembark. After extraction and agitation, 50.4 g of thick yellowish ether extract was obtained. This extract showed activity against cholinesterases (IC50 AChE = 15.19 ± 0.96 μg/ml and IC50 BuChE = 0.37 ± 0.049 μg/ml). Later, this extract was separated to 16 fractions by column chromatography. Fraction GV9 was chosen for additional research. Thin layer chromatography was carried out for purification and extraction of white crystalline alkaloid. Structure was determined by...

Eliška Emrichová: Isolation of alkaloids of the species Geissospermum vellosii Allemão and study of their biological activity IV. Diploma thesis 2020. Charles University, faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Department of Pharmacognosy. Key words: Geissospermum vellosii, bark, alkaloidal extracts, isolation of alkaloids, GC/MS analysis, biological aktivity, acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase. The aim of this study was to isolate at least one pure alkaloid from the extract of Geissospermum vellosii Alemão bark. The whole process involved bark processing, to obtain summary and alkaloid extract and subsequent column chromatography. GV-4, one of the 16 obtained fractions, was separated into 5 subfractions. The GV-4bsubfraction was used to isolate pure alkaloids, processed by preparative thin layer chromatography and crystallization of pure compound. The structure of pure compound was determined by using NMR, GC-MS analysis and optical rotation. This compound was identified as anhydropereirine and was tested its inhibitory activity against human cholinesterases, AChE and BuChE. The alkaloids GV-1-a, GV-8-3-B, GV-9-c were isolated in the course of further work on the extract. Their inhibitory activity against GSK-3β was tested as well as their possibility to cross the blood-brain-barieer with...

Práce bude zaměřena na studium bakteriální degradace MCPP a BAM a na hledání vhodných bakteriálních kmenů.

In patients after cardiac surgery, there is an increase in the level of molecules with both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory effects. This increase is influenced by the patient's clinical condition, but also by the nature of the operation itself, which uses conventional extracorporeal circulation. This technique leads to damage to blood elements by direct contact with air and parts of the extracorporeal circulation, as well as to ischemia-reperfusion injury. The specifics of cardiac surgery then affect possible postoperative complications such as multiorgan failure or septic shock. The diploma thesis is divided into a theoretical and a practical part. The theoretical part describes the principle and influence of cardiopulmonary bypass on the human body and the complications that are associated with its use. Furthermore, IFN-γ is described herein as a potential marker of septic conditions that could reflect the clinical postoperative condition of patients. The practical part of the diploma thesis monitored the percentage change of selected cell populations and the production of IFN-γ in the peripheral blood of patients before and after cardiac surgery. Furthermore, the response of individual isolated populations of healthy volunteers to selected stimulators was investigated. The percentage of...

The diploma thesis is partly dedicated to energetic efficiency of buildings and describes possibilities how to evaluate energetic efficiency of buildings in the Czech Republic. We also get to know with distribution of thermal insulators by material base and use in construction. There are also mentioned methods how to determine thermal insulations characteristics of heat insulations, so called heat conductivity coefficient. The last and the crucial chapter of theoretic part is dedicated to thermal-reflective insulations. There are mentioned some of the basic characteristics of insulations, material composition and heat transfer mechanism in their structure as well. Practical part describes measurement of thermal resistance of chosen samples of thermal-reflective insulations per measuring device on the principal of Hot Box method. In the next step was determined emissivity of aluminium foils which forms the surface of chosen samples of thermal-reflective insulations. In the end of thesis are defined possibilities of use thermal-reflective insulations in building structures especially in passive and low-energy buildings in climatic conditions of the Czech Republic.

The main concern of this thesis is to design a five-storey multifunctional house. The house is divided into the main living area to which it belongs especially residential units accessible by stairs from the ground floor and also basement boxes and room for prams. On the ground floor are also located the individual garage, store room and technology. The house has four floors and a basement, the basement are located mass garages. The house has a sloping wooden roof trusses.

Presented work deals with the study progressive heat-reflecting foil thermal insulating materials and defines their thermal insulation properties. The work describes a transport mechanism of thermal energy in the structure of heat-reflecting materials, their physical properties, especially heat resistance, compared to the conventional thermal insulating materials available on Czech market. The main applications ways and installation methods of these materials (especially in low-energy and passive buildings) are also shown. The practical part is focused on asembling the measuring device HOT BOX in accordance with the valid standards, to determine the heat resistance of heat-reflecting materials. In next step the measurement of reflection of aluminum foils (an integral part of the structural arrangement heat-reflecting foil insulations) was performed.

This work is part of a project focused on the study of the variability of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) among clinical isolates with the aim to map the geographical distribution of HCMV genotypes, reveal the relationships between genotypes and the severity of HCMV-associated diseases, and identify regions in the HCMV genome with a potential for use as diagnostic and therapeutic targets. Attention was paid to the development of the methodology for the preparation of the material for next-generation sequencing (NGS) from HCMV clinical isolates and evaluation of the obtained sequencing data. Blood and urine samples collected from hematopoietic stem cell transplantat recipients and congenitally infected children were analyzed. Samples suitable for NGS were sequenced by the Illumina platform and sequences were created by de novo assembly followed by mapping assembly. Urine samples in comparison to blood samples had higher yield of material for NGS. Of the samples positive for HCMV DNA (7 of 50) after amplification in the cell cultures, only one sample had high purity of the viral DNA (98%) while six samples had purity of less than 7%. The sample containing 98% of the viral DNA was fully sequenced and the sequence was compared to the sequences of other clinical isolates from Belgium in 11 polymorphic...

4 Abstract Prostate cancer is one of the major medical problems within the male population in the Czech Republic and in the world. It is on second place among cancer illnesses with respect to mortality in czech male population. Its incidence strongly increases with age. Prostate cells have a unique ability to accumulate zinc in high concentrations compared to other tissues of human body. It is necessary for the proper physiological function of the prostate. There was detected loss of this accumulation ability in prostate cancer cells, which seems to be a condition to carcinogenesis in prostate cells. In this thesis was investigated the expression of four genes involved in the maintenance of homeostasis of zinc in prostate cells. Genes ZIP1 and ZIP7 encode zinc transporters, genes MT1-F and MT2 encode metallothioneins. There was collected 90 biopsy specimens from patients with prostate cancer or with benign prostatic hyperplasia. mRNA was isolated from these samples, cDNA was obtained by RT-PCR. This cDNA was detected by gel electrophoresis and the results were statistically evaluated. Several correlations was found between gene expression and the clinical data of patients. The most important result, there was found lower levels of expression of genes MT1- F and ZIP1 in samples of patients with cancer...

The diploma thesis is focused on the study of the mechanism of plasticization of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) in vivo, focusing mainly on methods of isolation native PHA granules and physical and chemical methods of initiation their phase transitions. The literature search prepared in this work deals with this microbial polyester and further focuses on individual methods of isolating PHA from bacterial cells. The main task of the experimental work was to optimize the isolation process of native PHA granules, as well as to design and test processes that initiate the PHA crystallization in isolated granules, as well as analytical procedures to correctly detect this phase transition. Isolation of PHA granules from Cupriavidus necator was performed by enzymes, centrifugation several times and sonication of the cells. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and an enzymatic method in which amorphous PHA is selectively degraded by PHA-depolymerase with turbidimetric detection of its loss in dispersion was used to detect PHA crystallization. Techniques based on fluorescence staining of granules (fluorescence spectroscopy and flow cytometry) were used in a more detailed study of the mechanism of PHA plasticization in granules. The results of the analyzes confirmed, among other things, that the optimized procedure makes it possible to isolate granules in the amorphous state, which remain amorphous even after drying and are comparable to native granules in their basic physicochemical properties.