In this paper, we study sections of a Calabi-Yau threefold fibered over a curve by K3 surfaces. We show that there exist infinitely many isolated sections on certain K3 fibered Calabi-Yau threefolds and the subgroup of the N´eron-Severi group generated by these sections is not finitely generated. This also gives examples of K3 surfaces over the function field F of a complex curve with Zariski dense F-rational points, whose geometric models are Calabi-Yau. Furthermore, we also generalize our results to the cases of families of higher dimensional Calabi-Yau varieties with Calabi-Yau ambient spaces.

The Jacobian Conjecture is a long-standing open problem in algebraic geometry. Though the problem is inherently algebraic, it crops up in fields throughout mathematics including perturbation theory, quantum field theory and combinatorics. This thesis is a unified treatment of the combinatorial approaches toward resolving the conjecture, particularly investigating the work done by Wright and Singer. Along with surveying their contributions, we present new proofs of their theorems and motivate their constructions. We also resolve the Symmetric Cubic Linear case, and present new conjectures whose resolution would prove the Jacobian Conjecture to be true.

The Jacobian Conjecture is a long-standing open problem in algebraic geometry. Though the problem is inherently algebraic, it crops up in fields throughout mathematics including perturbation theory, quantum field theory and combinatorics. This thesis is a unified treatment of the combinatorial approaches toward resolving the conjecture, particularly investigating the work done by Wright and Singer. Along with surveying their contributions, we present new proofs of their theorems and motivate their constructions. We also resolve the Symmetric Cubic Linear case, and present new conjectures whose resolution would prove the Jacobian Conjecture to be true.

The modeling of nuclear reactors involves the solution of a multi-physics problem with widely varying time and length scales. This translates mathematically to solving a system of coupled, non-linear, and stiff partial differential equations (PDEs). Multi-physics applications possess the added complexity that most of the solution fields participate in various physics components, potentially yielding spatial and/or temporal coupling errors. This dissertation deals with the verification aspects associated with such a multi-physics code, i.e., the substantiation that the mathematical description of the multi-physics equations are solved correctly (both in time and space). Conventional paradigms used in reactor analysis problems employed to couple various physics components are often non-iterative and can be inconsistent in their treatment of the non-linear terms. This leads to the usage of smaller time steps to maintain stability and accuracy requirements, thereby increasing the overall computational time for simulation. The inconsistencies of these weakly coupled solution methods can be overcome using tighter coupling strategies and yield a better approximation to the coupled non-linear operator, by resolving the dominant spatial and temporal scales involved in the multi-physics simulation. A multi-physics framework, KARMA (K(c)ode for Analysis of Reactor and other Multi-physics Applications), is presented. KARMA uses tight coupling strategies for various physical models based on a Matrix-free Nonlinear-Krylov (MFNK) framework in order to attain high-order spatio-temporal accuracy for all solution fields in amenable wall clock times, for various test problems. The framework also utilizes traditional loosely coupled methods as lower-order solvers, which serve as efficient preconditioners for the tightly coupled solution. Since the software platform employs both lower and higher-order coupling strategies, it can easily be used to test and evaluate different coupling strategies and numerical methods and to compare their efficiency for problems of interest. Multi-physics code verification efforts pertaining to reactor applications are described and associated numerical results obtained using the developed multi-physics framework are provided. The versatility of numerical methods used here for coupled problems and feasibility of general non-linear solvers with appropriate physics-based preconditioners in the KARMA framework offer significantly efficient techniques to solve multi-physics problems in reactor analysis.

In order to make use of Newton&rsquo / s method for complex flow domains, an Euler multi-block Newton solver is developed. The generated Newton solver uses Analytical Jacobian derivation technique to construct the Jacobian matrices with different flux discretization schemes up to the second order face interpolations. Constructed sparse matrices are solved by parallel and series matrix solvers. In order to use structured grids for complex domains, multi-block grid construction is needed. Each block has its own Jacobian matrices and during the iterations the communication between the blocks should be performed. Required communication is performed with &ldquo / halo&rdquo / nodes. Increase in the number of grids requires parallelization to minimize the solution time. Parallelization of the analyses is performed by using matrix solvers having parallelization capability. In this thesis, some applications of the multi-block Newton method to different problems are given. Results are compared by using different flux discretization schemes. Convergence, analysis time and matrix solver performances are examined for different number of blocks.

In this thesis, we examine quasiconformal mappings in Rn. We begin by proving basic properties of the modulus of curve families. We then give the geometric, analytic,and metric space definitions of quasiconformal maps and show their equivalence. We conclude with several computational examples.

Cette thèse est consacrée à l'étude des fibres de l'application moment du système de Mumford (pair ou impair) d'ordre g>0. Ces fibres sont paramétrées par des courbes hyperelliptiques de genre g. Comme l'a démontré Mumford, la fibre au-dessus d'une telle courbe lisse est la jacobienne de la courbe, moins son diviseur thêta. Nous décrivons les fibres au-dessus d'une courbe singulière, à la fois de manière algébrique et géométrique. Pour ce faire, nous utilisons de façon essentielle les g champs de vecteurs du système de Mumford, qui définissent une stratification de chaque fibre, où chaque strate est isomorphe à une strate particulière (dite maximale) d'une fibre d'un système de Mumford d'ordre inférieur. Sur cette strate, tous les champs de vecteurs du système de Mumford sont linéairement indépendants en tout point. Nous décrivons cette strate comme un ouvert de la jacobienne généralisée d'une courbe hyperelliptique singulière. Nous montrons également que sur la jacobienne généralisée, les champs de Mumford sont des champs invariants par translation. / This thesis is dedicated to the study and to the description of the fibres of the momentum map of the (even or odd) Mumford system of degree g>0. These fibres are parameterized by hyperelliptic curves. Mumford proved that each fiber over a smooth curve is isomorphic to the Jacobian of the curve, minus its theta divisor. We give a geometrical as well as an algebraic description of the fibers over any singular curve. The geometrical description uses in an essential way the g vector field of the Mumford system. They define a stratification of each fiber where each stratum is isomorphic to a particular stratum, called the maximal stratum, of a fiber of a Mumford system of degree at most g. The algebraic description uses the theory of subresultants, which is applied to the polynomials which parametrize the points of phase space. We show that every stratum is isomorphic with an affine part of the generalized Jacobian of a singular hyperelliptic curve. We also prove that the Mumford vector fields are translation invariant on these generalized Jacobians.

We give a short and elementary proof of Jung’s theorem, which states that for a field K of characteristic zero the automorphisms of K[x, y] are generated by elementary automorphisms and linear automorphisms. / Presentaremos una prueba corta y elemental del teorema de Jung. Este teorema establece que para un cuerpo K de caracterstica cero los automor smos de K[x; y] son generados por automorsmos lineales y los llamados elementales.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-15T11:46:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 403531 bytes, checksum: ecf0300b6ad75f58a9c2431f8679a8ca (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-06-06 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Neste trabalho provamos o Teorema algebro-geométrico de Ganey, o qual caracteriza completamente as condições de Whitney de famílias de espaços analíticos complexos com singularidades arbitrárias em termos do fecho integral de módulos naturalmente associados a estas famílias. / Neste trabalho provamos o Teorema algebro-geométrico de Ganey, o qual caracteriza completamente as condições de Whitney de famílias de espaços analíticos complexos com singularidades arbitrárias em termos do fecho integral de módulos naturalmente associados a estas famílias.

We analyze a possible minimal counterexample to theJacobian Conjecture P;Q with gcd(deg(P); deg(Q)) = 16 and show that its existence depends only on the existence of solutions for a certain Abel dierential equation of the second kind. / Analizamos un posible contraejemplo P;Q a la conjetura del jacobiano con gcd(deg(P); deg(Q)) = 16 y mostramos que su existencia depende exclusivamente de la existencia de soluciones de una cierta ecuacion diferencial de Abel de segundo tipo.