<p>This essay describes the philosophy of science that Thomas Kuhn puts forth in his work The Structure of Scientific Revolutions. The question is, does his description of the scientific paradigm work as well today as in the examples he gave in the book?</p><p>The conclusion is that there are certain factors that make for a number of differences between science today and, for example in the seventeenth century. There is also a growing theory or vision of a post normal science laid developed by among others Jerome Ravetz. This theory or vision is an idea of a science close to peer-communities and fast as well as critical decisions involving opposite values.</p>

This essay describes the philosophy of science that Thomas Kuhn puts forth in his work The Structure of Scientific Revolutions. The question is, does his description of the scientific paradigm work as well today as in the examples he gave in the book? The conclusion is that there are certain factors that make for a number of differences between science today and, for example in the seventeenth century. There is also a growing theory or vision of a post normal science laid developed by among others Jerome Ravetz. This theory or vision is an idea of a science close to peer-communities and fast as well as critical decisions involving opposite values.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Catholic University of America, 1939. / "Select bibliography": p. [xvii]-xviii.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:26:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-08-13Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:53:54Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 rabatini_vg_me_arafcl.pdf: 523069 bytes, checksum: 37bf69972304695072e774d98fcf417a (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / A presente pesquisa de mestrado teve como objetivo analisar a concepção de cultura em obras selecionadas do psicólogo norte-americano Jerome Bruner e do psicólogo soviético Lev Semenovich Vigotski e as suas implicações para a Educação Escolar. Este trabalho é fruto de uma pesquisa de iniciação científica, que analisou as concepções de escola em autores contemporâneos sob a perspectiva da Teoria da Atividade, comparando-as com as ideias pedagógicas contidas nos trabalhos de Vigotski, Leontiev e Luria. No decorrer dessa pesquisa constatou-se que muitas dessas concepções sobre a escola eram perpassadas pela questão da cultura. Portanto, com o objetivo de um estudo aprofundado, selecionamos autores como Bruner e Vigotski porque ambos desenvolveram uma concepção de cultura que traz várias implicações para a Educação Escolar na atualidade. Para analisar a cultura nas obras de Bruner e Vigotski, procedemos inicialmente a uma primeira leitura exploratória por meio da qual apreendemos de suas obras núcleos teóricos conceituais, sejam eles: universo simbólico, narrativa e comunidade cultural, para o primeiro autor; e natureza social do psiquismo, signos ou instrumentos culturais e função psíquica superior, para o segundo autor. Feito isso, realizamos uma análise comparativa dessa concepção e constatamos que Bruner transita em um veio fenomenológico hermenêutico, afirmando premissas da pós-modernidade e do multiculturalismo; enquanto Vigotski em uma vertente materialista histórico-dialética sustenta a ontologia do ser ligado à sua historicidade e às relações sociais. No que tange a análise dialética singular-particular-universal, concluímos que a concepção de cultura entre os dois autores se distancia. Para Bruner essa concepção é focada na particularidade aparente, já Vigotski, entende que a prática humana, na qual se inclui a produção da cultura,... / The objective of this master’s research was to analyze the concept of culture in selected works of the North American psychologist, Jerome Bruner, and of the Soviet psychologist, Lev Semenovich Vigotski, and the implications for school education. This work is the result of scientific initiation research and is an analysis of the concept of school in the writings of contemporary authors, from the perspective of the activity theory, comparing these concepts with the pedagogical ideas in the work of Vigotski, Leontiev and Luria. During the research, it was found that many of these concepts of school are imbued with the issue of culture. In order to carry out an in-depth study, we selected authors like Bruner and Vigotski, as both developed a concept of culture that has various implications for school education today. To analyze the concept of culture in the work of Bruner and Vigotski, we began with an initial exploratory reading through which we grasped the existence in their work of a theoreticalconceptual unity, as follows: symbolic universe, cultural narrative and community in the case of the first author, and the social nature of psychism, signs or cultural instruments, and superior psychic function, in the case of the second author. That done, we carried out a comparative analysis of this conception and found that Bruner follows a hermeneutic phenomenological vein, affirming the premises of postmodernism and multiculturalism, while Vigotski, from a materialistic, historical-dialectic angle, supports the ontology of being linked to his historicity and social relations. With regard to the singular-particular-universal dialectic analysis, we concluded that the conception of culture is distant when comparing these two authors. For Bruner, the conception is focused on particularity, while for Vigotski, it is human practice, including the production of culture, which always contains the ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Orientador: Milton Jose de Almeida / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-11T04:53:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Silva_DanuzioGilBernardinoda_D.pdf: 19530674 bytes, checksum: 616b98bd0f070f915466dbcdd815bd90 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Resumo: As imagens de ¿Adnotationes et Meditationes in Evangelia¿ de Jerome Nadal, juntamente com os Exercícios Espirituais de Inácio de Loyola são a base desse trabalho sobre educação visual e a Arte da Memória. Por um caminho em que se encontram referências literárias e iconográficas, seguimos por uma trajetória que vem das experiências cristãs de meu passado e segue para o passado cristão imaginado e percebido em minhas leituras textuais e visuais, em especial de Nadal e Inácio / Abstract: The images of "Adnotationes et Meditationes in Evangelia" by Jerome Nadal with Spiritual Exercises of Ignatius of Loyola are the bases of this work about visual education and art of memory. In a way where literature references and iconographics are together we follow the direction from my personal christianism experiences and are going to the imagined christian past, perceived in my visual and textual readings, especially Nadal and Ignatius / Doutorado / Educação, Conhecimento, Linguagem e Arte / Doutor em Educação

Cette thèse analyse la Correspondance de Jérôme comme une pratique sociale, dans sa forme littéraire et dans son contenu idéologique. Les lettres de Jérôme exposent et promeuvent l’idéal de vie ascétique qui repose sur l’expérimentation de divers types de souffrances. Le moine développe une pluralité de discours pour répondre aux besoins de la pluralité de son lectorat et des différents contextes sociaux et culturels auxquels il fait face.Les pensées philosophiques grecques et stoïciennes concevaient les pratiques ascétiques comme des entraînements à la vertu. Jérôme a dressé des parallèles entre disciplines et techniques ascétiques profanes et chrétiennes. L’ascèse hiéronymienne prend appui sur ces différentes traditions pour former un modèle de vie ascétique inédit.L’ascétisme promu par Jérôme change de forme et d’intensité entre sa jeunesse, son échec érémitique à Chalcis et sa rencontre avec le cercle de l’Aventin. Il se fait progressivement le chantre d’une ascèse présentée comme modérée et forge un nouvel ethnotype de l’ascète à partir de l’ethnotype du noble romain. Le moine tourne le dos au message évangélique et diffuse un ascétisme réservé aux nobles : dans une logique propagandiste, il produit un nouveau type de prestige spirituel qui transcende le prestige social.L’importance de la figure de l’ascète dans le discours hiéronymien pose la question de sa fonction sociale. Les grands ascètes se caractérisent par leur mépris pour les activités profanes et par leur patience face aux rigueurs et aux souffrances : ils sont indispensables à la société du IVème siècle pour susciter et préserver le dégoût des plaisirs faciles chez les fidèles. / This thesis analyzes Jerome's Correspondence as a social practice, in its literary form and in its ideological content. Jerome's letters expose and promote the ideal of ascetic life which is based on the experimentation of various types of suffering. The monk develops a plurality of discourses to meet the needs of the plurality of his readership and the different social and cultural contexts that he faces.The Greek and Stoic philosophical thoughts conceived ascetic practices as entrainments to virtue. Jerome has established parallels between philosophical and Christian ascetic disciplines and techniques. The monk’s asceticism based on these different traditions creates a new model of ascetic life.The form and the intensity of the asceticism promoted by Jerome change between his youth, his eremitical failure at Chalcis and his encounter with the circle of the Aventine. The monk progressively promotes an asceticism presented as moderate. He forges a new ethnotype of the ascetic from the ethnotype of the Roman noble. The monk turns his back on the gospel message and spreads an asceticism restricted to the nobles : his propaganda campaign produces a new type of spiritual prestige that transcends social prestige.The importance of the figure of the ascetic in Jerome’s discourse raises the question of its social function. The great ascetics are characterized by their contempt for secular activities and by their patience to face austerities and sufferings. They are essential to the society of the fourth century to arouse and preserve the disgust of easy pleasures among the faithful.

No description available.

Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

Cette thèse est la première étude analytique approfondie consacrée à la dimension philosophique et théologique de la pensée de Jérôme de Prague († 1416) qui prend en compte tous les textes connus et conservés de ce philosophe tchèque, maître ès arts des universités de Paris, Cologne, Heidelberg et Prague, ami et collègue du réformateur Jean Hus. Le travail s’occupe des différents sujets philosophiques et théologiques présents dans l’œuvre de Jérôme, plaçant ses idées dans le contexte de l’histoire de la pensée médiévale. Dans ce cadre, la thèse montre de manière nouvelle les doctrines de cet auteur représentatif du courant réformiste de l’Université de Prague au tournant des XIVe et XVe siècles ; elle essaie aussi de présenter une compréhension nouvelle de la pensée philosophique et théologique de Jérôme sur la base des nouvelles trouvailles concernant ses sources anciennes et médiévales. À part la pensée de Jérôme, elle se consacre en outre à l’étude approfondie de sujets voisins, par exemple la question de la représentation de la Trinité par le bouclier de la foi. Ce travail ouvre aussi des nouvelles questions, par exemple le thème de l’influence des successeurs philosophiques de Jean Wyclif à Oxford (par exemple Robert Alyngton) sur les doctrines des maîtres de l’Université de Prague. Une des autres contributions à la connaissance du patrimoine culturel tchèque et européen présentées par cette thèse est l’editio princeps de la quaestio Utrum omne dependens habeat esse aeternum in prima causa d’Étienne de Páleč, accompagnée par une interprétation doctrinale. / This dissertation is the first thorough analytical study of the philosophical and theological aspects of the thought of Jerome of Prague († 1416), based on all the known extant texts of the significant Czech philosopher, master of arts of the universities of Paris, Cologne, Heidelberg and Prague and a friend and colleague of the church reformer Jan Hus. The work deals with individual philosophical and theological topics present in Jerome’s opus, explains his ideas and places them into the context of the history of medieval thought. In this frame, the work newly illustrates hitherto only partially known doctrines of this representative of the reformist current at the Prague University at the turn of the fifteenth century and tries to provide insight into Jerome’s thought, also on the basis of a series of new findings concerning Jerome’s ideas and his ancient and medieval sources. Apart from Jerome’s thought, the work pays attention to and clarifies more profoundly some of the related topics, for example the question of representation of the Trinity by the shield of faith. This dissertation also opens certain new questions, for example the topic of the influence of the Oxford philosophical successors of John Wyclif (such as Robert Alyngton) on the doctrines of the masters at the Prague University. An additional contribution of this thesis to a better knowledge of the Czech and European cultural heritage is the editio princeps of a quaestio of Štěpán of Páleč, Utrum omne dependens habeat esse aeternum in prima causa, accompanied by a doctrinal interpretation.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T19:20:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ADRIANA BUARQUE.pdf: 896845 bytes, checksum: 3cb9d2b2a2226c070409396b59513521 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-09-20 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / .