Utilizing statistical methods as a risk assessment tool can lead to potentially effective solutions and policies that address various social issues. One usage for such methods is in observation of crime trends within a municipality. Cluster and hotspot analysis is often practiced in criminal statistics to delineate potential areas at-risk of recurring criminal activity. Two approaches to this analytical method are Nearest Neighbor Hierarchical Clustering (NNHC) and Kernel Density Estimation (KDE). Kernel Density Estimation fits incidence points on a grid based on a kernel and bandwidth determined by the analyst. Nearest Neighbor Hierarchical Clustering, a less common and less quantitative method, derives clusters based on the distance between observed points and the expected distance for points of a random distribution. Crime data originated from a public web map and database service that acquires data from the Johnson City Police Department, where each incident is organized into one of many broad categories such as assault, theft, etc. Preliminary analysis of raw volume data shows trends of high crime volume in expected locales; highly trafficked areas such as downtown, the Mall, both Walmarts, as well as low-income residential areas of town. The two methods, KDE and NNHC, dispute the size and location of many clusters. A more in-depth analysis of normalized data with refined parameters may provide further insight on crime in Johnson City.

The potential of CGA-136872 (3-[4,6-bis(difluoromethoxy) pyrimidin-2-yl-1-(2-methoxycarbonyl-phenylsulfonyl) urea) and DPX-V9360 (3-pyridinecarboxaminde, 2-(((4,6-dimethoxy pyrimidin-2yl) aminocarbonyl)) aminosulfonyl) ))-N,N-dimethyl) were investigated for postemergence use in corn, including corn tolerance, weed control and combinations of CGA-136872 with other postemergence corn herbicides for weed control. CGA-136872 Applied at rates of 1.2, 2.5, 5.0 and 10.0 times the suggested recommended use rate in corn (variety Southern States 565) caused more injury at the 5-leaf stage than at the 7- and 9-leaf stage of corn. Recovery from injury was rapid and complete at 5 weeks after treatment (WAT) and no yield reduction was observed. Several corn varieties treated with twice the suggested use rate of CGA-136872 and DPX-V9360 showed injury that was both herbicide and variety dependent. Most injury occurred at 1 and 2 WAT. Corn recovery was complete at 5 WAT, but yield reduction on some varieties was observed with CGA-136872 treatments. In the weed control study, both herbicides showed high activity on johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers.), giant foxtail (Setaria faberi Herr.), common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album L.) and redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.), particularly with early applications. However, johnsongrass rhizome regrowth prevented full season control of this species with early postemergence applications. Combinations of CGA-136872 with several other herbicides resulted in significant benefit in control of common lambsquarters and redroot pigweed while johnsongrass and giant foxtail control was not improved. Reduced control of johnsongrass was observed when CGA-136872 was applied in combination with paraquat (1,1’-dimethy1-4,4’-bipyridilium ion). Similar results were observed for giant foxtail control when CGA-136872 was applied with 2,4-D ((2,4-dichlorophenoxy) acetic acid) and dicamba (3,6-dichloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid). Results of this research indicate that both CGA-136872 and DPX-V9360 have good potential for postemergence use in corn, and could represent an important supplement to existing postemergence corn herbicides. / Master of Science

Soldiers and civilians alike sought to make sense of the war following the silencing of the guns with the signing of the armistice in 1918. One of the foremost veteran groups leading this effort was the American Legion, founded in 1919. This World War I veteran organization would provide an outlet for Great War veterans to share camaraderie, interact with their local communities, and ultimately pay homage to their fallen brothers in arms. In line with the national organization's agenda and programs, the American Legion Kings Mountain Post No. 24 in Johnson City, TN executed two very different versions of WWI memorialization, one built in 1922 and another in 1935. These two memorials served the community in vastly different ways throughout the 1900s. The first was a commemorative marker and the second was a community centerpiece. In this paper, I argue that the differences between two World War I memorials in Johnson City are demonstrative of how the community progressively oriented its identity and infrastructures around Great War veterans following the conflict. Johnson City's physical and memorial landscapes changed as the city sought to reconcile the war and its survivors. Each memorial served veterans and the larger community in ways that aligned with both the veterans' needs and larger social contexts of Johnson City at the times of their creations. Ultimately, the memorials were intended to serve very different purposes within the community. Both veterans and nonveterans in the community responded more favorably to the 1935 Johnson City WWI memorial initially, and then continued to utilize it much more frequently throughout the twentieth century. It was a memorial that was intended to be interacted with regularly. The second memorial's central role in the community was cemented by how the memorial's placement and style differed from its predecessor. The second memorial was more accessible to the public, partnered with a more prominent municipal facility, had an expanded scope, and utilized nationalistic iconography. These key differences are a result of the community's increased dedication to Great War veterans by 1935. As care for World War I veterans became a central component of the city, so did memorializing the conflict. / Master of Arts / Between 1922 and 1935, the American Legion Kings Mountain Post No. 24 erected two very different World War I memorials in Johnson City, TN that served the community in very different ways. The first was a memorial placard, and the second was a community centerpiece that hosted both commemorative ceremonies and noncommemorative events. Why did the World War I veterans of Johnson City erect two memorials to the same conflict, and why were they so different from one another? This thesis examines the memorials and their roles in the community in order to demonstrate how World War I reshaped American communities with a vested interest in veteran affairs. World War I forever changed the social, physical, and memorial landscapes of Johnson City. Following World War I, a series of medical, legal, and social veteran infrastructures were developed and established in Johnson City as the community reoriented itself around addressing the rising needs of Great War veterans returning home. The placements, styles, and functions of the memorials mirrored the city’s development into a community dedicated to World War veterans. Caring for Great War veterans became a central component of the city, and its memorialization of the conflict followed suit. World War I veterans were held in high esteem by the community following the conflict. The Legionnaires used that esteem to garner community support for their memorial projects and developed a version of memorialization that the entire community could use.

Thesis (Ed.D.)--Boston University / PLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis or dissertation. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you. / George Ellsworth Johnson, a modest, well-educated man, was an educator and recreation administrator whose professional and intellectual life spanned the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. He was the first faculty member in the Play and Recreation program at Harvard University's Graduate School of Education. His ideas about play and education have never before been fully discussed in published literature addressing the history of play, play theory, and recreation. Johnson believed that play has an important role in the education of children. He believed in equal rights and opportunities for girls and women in sports and play. He visited America's southwest to study the recreational practices of Native Americans. Johnson was critical of popular play theories, yet never produced a coherent, scientifically-based theory of his own. His beliefs and ideas reflect the teachings of Plato, William James, and John Dewey. What is important about Johnson is not his just his critique of play theory, but his dedication to promoting play opportunities as a public trust consistent with democratic ideals. Johnson argued that of what children need to be taught, democratic ideals and civic virtue are better learned through play. The playground is no less important than the classroom as the place for moral training. In Johnson's view, play is immensely important to all human life; it is essential to the physical and mental development of children. The play values cherished by Johnson might well prompt those entrusted with play and recreation today to rethink the fundamental values of their work. Why there has been so little attention to Johnson in the written histories of play in America, given his contributions, is hard to explain. Although he was exposed to the racist political and philosophical thought commonly accepted by the NeoDarwinists, he never accepted the racist theories of his day. This study concerns the contributions of one of the pioneers of the American playground movement. / 2999-01-01

La présente maîtrise est réalisée à la demande de Recherche et Développement pour la Défense Canada (RDDC) à Valcartier. Dans un contexte militaire, la capacité à caractériser indépendamment un matériau pour la simulation numérique est primordiale for trois raisons. Premièrement, les matériaux utilisés ne sont pas répandus comme ceux utilisés en aéronautique ou bien en construction automobile. Deuxièmement, les paramètres des matériaux spécifiques au domaine militaire sont rarement divulgués. Troisièmement, l’utilisation d’alliages secrètement développés prohibe la caractérisation par une seconde entité. Le présent projet à pour objectif the permettre au RDDC Valcartier d’effectuer de faon indépendante la détermination des paramètres du modèle Johnson-Cook [1] [2] de matériaux ductiles. Pour arriver à ce point, le modèle Johnson-Cook est présenté à partir de la théorie de la mécanique de l’endommagement des milieux continus (CDM). La méthode de caractérisation proposée par Johnson et Cook dans les références [1] et [2] est introduite. Après quoi, les techniques et moyens expérimentaux nécessaires sont également décrits. Le reste du mémoire se concentre sur les paramètres statiques du modèle (A, B, n, D1, D2, et D3), puisqu’ils sont prédominants dans la modélisation de la mécanique de l’endommagement comparativement aux autres paramètres [2], [16], et [27]. Quelques lacunes sont observées dans la méthode proposée par les auteurs du modèle. Finalement, une amélioration est proposée pour la partie statique de la méthode de caractérisation. La technique utilisée pour cette proposition utilise le système photogrammétrique ARAMIS afin de mesurer les déformations locales des échantillons sur tout la plage de temps et de faciliter la corrélation avec les simulations numériques effectuées avec le code explicit Ls-Dyna. / This Master of Science thesis is realized for the Defence Research and Development for Canada (DRDC) Valcartier. In a military context, the capacity to characterise independently the material for numerical simulation is important for three reasons. First, the material used are not widely used as aeronautical and car industries material. Secondly, the material parameters militarily relevant are rarely published. Thirdly, the used of secretly developed alloys could prevent from its characterisation by an external entity. The aim of the present study is to allow the DRDC Valcartier to self-characterize ductile metals for their simulation with the model Johnson-Cook, proposed in [1] and [2]. To get to this point, the Johnson-Cook model is presented starting from the CDM theory. The characterization method proposed by Johnson and Cook in [1] and [2] is introduced. Then, the experimental tests and equipments are described. After what, the work is focused on the static parameters (A, B, n, D1, D2, and D3), since those parameters are predominant compared with others in damage mechanics [2], [16], and [27]. Few lacks are pointed out of the suggested method. Finally, an improvement of the static part of the characterization method is proposed and tested. This added part includes the used of the photogrammetry system ARAMIS to monitor the experimental tests and simulation of those tests with LS-Dyna.

The purpose of this dissertation is to examine the relationship of Andrew Johnson to the South and the effect of that relationship on presidential reconstruction. It is not meant to be a complete retelling of the story of reconstruction, rather it is an attempt to determine how Johnson affected southern ideas of reconstruction and, equally important, how southerners influenced Johnson.

This theses traces the history of Cleburne in Johnson County, Texas through its founding during reconstruction through the early 1900s.

Die vorliegende Arbeit hat ihre entstehungsgeschichtlichen Wurzeln in der öffentlichen und wissenschaftlichen Diskussion über die Risiken und Potentiale der Computernutzung. Hinzu kam neben der persönlichen Aufmerksamkeit für die metaphorische Zusammensetzung von Sprache auch die besondere Stellung dieser im Bezug auf die Computernutzung. Aus verschiedenen Perspektiven wurden diese Phänomene näher betrachtet. Dabei stehen neben der öffentlichen Diskussion und der fachlichen Auseinandersetzung nach einem forschungsmethodischen Einschub schließlich die männlichen Nutzer zwischen dem 20. und 30. Lebensjahr und ihre metaphorischen Konzepte von Computernutzung im Fokus der Auseinandersetzung. Den theoretischen Hintergrund bilden gestalttheoretische Betrachtungen, Studien über Lebenswelt und Alltag und symbolisch-interaktionistische Auffassungen. Ergänzend wurden theoretische Ausführungen zur Indentitäts- und Rollenentwicklung in Verbindung mit Aspekten geschlechtertypischen Verhaltens herangezogen. Das Vorgehen bei der Erhebung des Inteviewmaterials stützt sich auf die Empfehlungen von Witzel und Schorn zum problem- bzw. themenzentrierten Interview. Nach der Transkription wurden die Gespräche metaphernanalytisch ausgewertet. Die Methode basiert auf dem von Lakoff und Johnson geprägten Metaphernbegriff. In Bezug auf den theoretischen Hintergrund konnten Anknüpfungspunkte bzw. Überschneidungen skizziert werden, die eine Kombination sinnvoll erscheinen lassen. In der Interpretation der dargestellten metaphorischen Konzepte konnte gezeigt werden, dass dem Computer weit mehr Bedeutungen zugeschrieben werden als nur die einer mikroelektronischen Maschine, wenngleich deren Eigenschaften als Auslöser für diese Zuschreibungen zu betrachten sind.

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The aim of this diploma thesis is to analyze ways of Value at Risk calculation. Its core is to get a suitable model that could most appropriately reflect the probability distribution of returns of the Czech stock portfolio that we have generated. In this thesis we find out that the returns follow unbounded distribution which was first described by Johnson (1949). Since we detect that returns are correlated we have to apply appropriate autoregressive process that removes this dependency. In the empirical part we discover an inability of models based on assumptions of normality, to correctly predict the Value at Risk. Historical simulation methods, which have promising backtesting results, are rejected because of the slow adaptation to the recent changes in the market. However, we find a way how to implement Johnson SU distribution into the GARCH model. This model, which passes all the tests, is thus able to predict Value at Risks of the portfolio most accurately. JEL Classification: C16, C22, G11 Keywords: Market risk, Value at Risk, Risk management, Johnson SU distribution