The thesis deals with the possibility of using the game "Postcrossing" in teaching regional geography at the 2nd stage of primary schools. The main goal of this thesis is to create overview of basic principles and rules of the game and to develop proposals for educational activities resulting from the "Postcrossing" game. The thesis also includes a practical part, which contains the description of problems and positive outcomes that were revealed during the practical realization. The result is a list of suggestions for classroom activities that are applicable in school practice.

This thesis deals with the usability of the Geocaching activity in the tuition of junior-high school (JHS) geography. The main objective is to create suggestions for integrating Geocaching into the JHS geography lessons, with demonstrations within a Dačicko region lesson. Included in the thesis, there is an analysis of caches located in the surroundings of the city of Dačice and the usability of these caches for teaching. The theoretical part of the thesis deals with the basic characterization of the region of interest and with the basic principles and rules of the Geocaching activity. As well, the possibilities of teaching curriculum dealing with the region by means of the Geocaching activity are mentioned. The resultant suggestions for teaching activities are processed into work sheets which can be completely integrated into the lesson and were tested by the author in practice at the JHS in Dačice.

O objetivo deste trabalho é refletir sobre os modos como alunos do Ensino Fundamental II constroem seus objetos de discurso em textos escritos argumentativos. A referenciação, um dos principais temas de estudo da Linguística Textual (cf. MONDADA e DUBOIS, 2014[1995]; CAVALCANTE, 2003; CAVALCANTE e LIMA, 2015; KOCH, 2011b), debruça-se sobre os processos de construção dos referentes, entendendo que a língua é uma proposta de categorização do mundo, de tal modo que os sujeitos, em seus enunciados, de maneira estratégica e interativa, refletem e criam objetos e categorizações, razão pela qual estes objetos são chamados objetos de discurso. Em nosso trabalho, analisamos um conjunto de 103 redações de alunos de todos os anos do Ensino Fundamental II, estudantes de uma escola da rede municipal de ensino da cidade de São Paulo, observando de que modos eles introduzem e retomam seus objetos de discurso e como esses processos de construção e progressão referencial constituem as estratégias argumentativas que utilizam, dentre as quais se destacam: descrição dos fatos, argumentum ad consequentiam, argumentum ad misericordiam e reciprocidade (cf. FIORIN, 2015; PERELMAN e TYTECA 2014[1996]). Foi possível, também, pontuar as estratégias referenciais mais conhecidas por este público, bem como as menos dominadas, o que nos permitiu traçar um diagnóstico sobre a referenciação nos textos analisados. Preocupados com uma análise que observasse não somente as estratégias formais utilizadas pelos alunos, mas que também buscasse compreender os efeitos de sentido que elas produziam e que identificasse indícios de possíveis fatores que as motivassem, consideramos também alguns elementos contextuais sobre a produção de textos na escola. Diante disso, acreditamos que nosso trabalho possa contribuir para um maior conhecimento sobre a escrita de alunos em contexto escolar, evidenciando algumas especificidades do Ensino Fundamental II. / The objective of this research is to reflect on the ways in which Junior High School (Ensino Fundamental II) students construct their discourse objects in written argumentative texts. The referenciation, one of the main subjects of study of Textual Linguistics (cf. MONDADA e DUBOIS, 2014[1995]; CAVALCANTE, 2003; CAVALCANTE e LIMA, 2015; KOCH, 2011b), focuses on the processes of construction of referents, understanding that language is a proposal of categorization of the world, in such a way that the subjects, in their utterances, strategically and interactively, reflect and create objects and categorizations, reason by which these objects are called \"objects of discourse\". In this research, we analyzed a set of 103 essays of students of all the years of Junior High School, students of a school of the municipal education system of Sao Paulo City, observing in what ways they introduce and retake their discourse objects and how these processes of construction and referential progression constitute the argumentative strategies they use, among which the following stand out: description of the facts, argumentum ad consequentiam, argumentum ad misericordiam, and reciprocity (cf. FIORIN, 2015; PERELMAN e TYTECA 2014[1996]). It was also possible to punctuate the referential strategies better known by this public, as well as the less dominated ones, which allowed us to draw a diagnosis about the reference in the texts analyzed. Concerned with an analysis that not only observed the formal strategies used by the students, but also sought to understand the effects of meaning that they produced and identified indications of possible factors that motivate them, we also consider some contextual elements about the production of texts in the school. In view of this, we believe that our research can contribute to a greater knowledge about the writing of students in a school context, bringing the specificities of Junior High School.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T16:10:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTACAOALESSANDRALEAO.pdf: 626333 bytes, checksum: 5f13b97333398fbbe97685a47f4d2b85 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-08-25 / This study aimed to carry out a bibliographically-grounded theoretical deepening and a reflexive analysis of the conception of teacher present in the cycles of human formation, co-substantiated in the Political-Pedagogical Proposal for the Fundamental Education of Children and Adolescents of the Municipal Secretary of Education of Goiania, approved during the 2001-2004 office. The analysis of the official document, the theoretical production of some referential authors and other proposals for the cyclic organization in the country aimed to expand the reflection on the theme. The present study stems from the discussion regarding the expansion of school access, within the context of Brazilian education during the 1980s and 1990s, a period of implementation and expansion of the proposal of cycles. The study also highlights the historic period of political and economic opening in the country, the advance of neoliberal policies and the central positioning of education in the discussions of educational policies both nationally and internationally. In an attempt to apprehend the conception of education and teacher in the development of this proposal, the way chosen was the study of the cycle expansion in the country as a new form of organization of the school systems of education. The analysis of the proposal of Goiania is accompanied by reflections on other experiences of cycles carried out in the country / Este trabalho objetivou realizar um aprofundamento teórico e uma análise reflexiva, com base em estudo bibliográfico, acerca da concepção de professor presente nos ciclos de formação humana, consubstanciada na Proposta Político-Pedagógica para a Educação Fundamental da Infância e da Adolescência da Secretaria Municipal de Educação de Goiânia, aprovada na Gestão 2001-2004. A análise do documento oficial, da produção teórica de alguns autores referenciais e de outras propostas de organização em ciclos no país teve como objetivo ampliar a reflexão sobre o tema. O estudo parte da discussão acerca da ampliação do acesso à escola, no contexto da educação brasileira nas décadas de 1980 e 1990, período de implantação e expansão da proposta de ciclos, e destaca também o momento histórico de abertura política e econômica do Brasil, o avanço das políticas neoliberais e a centralidade da educação nos discursos das políticas educacionais tanto no âmbito nacional quanto internacional. Na tentativa de apreender a concepção de educação e de professor no engendramento desta proposta, o caminho escolhido foi o estudo da expansão dos ciclos no país como uma nova forma de organização dos sistemas escolares de educação. A análise da proposta de Goiânia é acompanhada de reflexões sobre as demais experiências de ciclo levadas a cabo no país

Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T16:15:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTACAOALESSANDRALEAO.pdf: 626333 bytes, checksum: 5f13b97333398fbbe97685a47f4d2b85 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-08-25 / This study aimed to carry out a bibliographically-grounded theoretical deepening and a reflexive analysis of the conception of teacher present in the cycles of human formation, co-substantiated in the Political-Pedagogical Proposal for the Fundamental Education of Children and Adolescents of the Municipal Secretary of Education of Goiania, approved during the 2001-2004 office. The analysis of the official document, the theoretical production of some referential authors and other proposals for the cyclic organization in the country aimed to expand the reflection on the theme. The present study stems from the discussion regarding the expansion of school access, within the context of Brazilian education during the 1980s and 1990s, a period of implementation and expansion of the proposal of cycles. The study also highlights the historic period of political and economic opening in the country, the advance of neoliberal policies and the central positioning of education in the discussions of educational policies both nationally and internationally. In an attempt to apprehend the conception of education and teacher in the development of this proposal, the way chosen was the study of the cycle expansion in the country as a new form of organization of the school systems of education. The analysis of the proposal of Goiania is accompanied by reflections on other experiences of cycles carried out in the country / Este trabalho objetivou realizar um aprofundamento teórico e uma análise reflexiva, com base em estudo bibliográfico, acerca da concepção de professor presente nos ciclos de formação humana, consubstanciada na Proposta Político-Pedagógica para a Educação Fundamental da Infância e da Adolescência da Secretaria Municipal de Educação de Goiânia, aprovada na Gestão 2001-2004. A análise do documento oficial, da produção teórica de alguns autores referenciais e de outras propostas de organização em ciclos no país teve como objetivo ampliar a reflexão sobre o tema. O estudo parte da discussão acerca da ampliação do acesso à escola, no contexto da educação brasileira nas décadas de 1980 e 1990, período de implantação e expansão da proposta de ciclos, e destaca também o momento histórico de abertura política e econômica do Brasil, o avanço das políticas neoliberais e a centralidade da educação nos discursos das políticas educacionais tanto no âmbito nacional quanto internacional. Na tentativa de apreender a concepção de educação e de professor no engendramento desta proposta, o caminho escolhido foi o estudo da expansão dos ciclos no país como uma nova forma de organização dos sistemas escolares de educação. A análise da proposta de Goiânia é acompanhada de reflexões sobre as demais experiências de ciclo levadas a cabo no país

This study involved the identification and explication of a typology of adolescents' leisure functioning, based on a state of mind definition of leisure. Subjects included 200 students from a junior high school in the midwest who completed the Leisure Diagnostic Battery (LDB) during a study hall. Procedures involved the application of two methods of cluster analysis to profiles of scores across the five LDB scales which are designed to measure perceived freedom in leisure. Following this process of identification and validation of the "types," the relationship between group membership and various barriers to leisure were examined through multiple discriminant analysis. Finally, between type differences on three preferred style of participation in recreation activity variables (active/passive, individual/ group, and risk/nonrisk) were examined through the analysis of variance.

It is the purpose of this study to attempt to arrive at the underlying causes of inadequacy in sex education and to recommend a proposed unit of sex instruction correcting the obstacles for the need of a particular age group.

Historically, research has placed considerable emphasis on developing a systematic body of knowledge about education in which little voice has been given to teachers themselves. The critical role that teachers play in this generative process such as reflecting, acting and theorizing upon practices that shape life in the classroom has largely been ignored in favor of technical innovation and organizational procedure. As schools straggle to reform and restructure, an understanding of how teachers interpret their practices in context and how the culture of schools influence, constrain, or encourage these practices become critical aspects of school success or failure. This study examined the perspectives on inclusion of seven middle school teachers as they attempted to include exceptional students in regular classes. The study utilized three forms of data collection: observations were made of participant interactions as they led their everyday school lives; document analysis was used as a means to gain an understanding of programs affecting exceptional students, and interviews were used to give voice to teacher’s perceptions regarding inclusion, allowing description in their own words rather than those imposed by an outside inquirer. Data collection and analysis sought to identify emerging themes, categories and patterns, allowing for the creation of substantive theory grounded in empirical data. The key issues that emerged in the study were considered in terms of three general categories. The first, teaching and learning, revealed stark contrasts in opinions regarding the type of human support thought necessary for successful inclusion. Regular educators clung to the traditional notion of solitary teachers directing all class activity, while exceptional educators preferred a more team-oriented approach. The second, school structure, revealed that highly collaborative structures were only partially successful in creating additional conversation between regular and exceptional educators. Collegiality was affected by lack of staff experience with the process as well as its implementation in a top-down fashion. The third, school culture and climate, revealed that regular educators believed the school was prepared for a limited amount of inclusion. Although exceptional educators acknowledged school readiness, they did not believe that inclusion was an important item on the school’s reform agenda.

Quantitative studies dominate early adolescence research, a field which also lacks an understanding of communication behaviors between early adolescents. This study uses the qualitative methods of participant observation and informal interviews to observe conversations between girls in a junior high lunch room. Friendship characteristics and group socialization are discussed as they emerged from the field data. First, friendship hierarchies (best friend, close friend, and friend) may be adult-imposed structures. Hierarchies are not prominent in the minds of friends as they relate to each other in daily conversation. Second, friendship groups serve to socialize early adolescent girls.

The following study is an attempt to discover some of the possible values that may have come to certain groups as a result of a short guidance course given to ninth grade Junior High students. Many studies will need to be made in this field if the real values are to be determined. After all, there are so many guidance factors that enter into the life of the average Junior High student, it is difficult to say with assurance, "this is the direct influence of a particular course." We can only hope that the more subtle and often the more lasting values have been impressed upon the youth today whether we can measure them or not. This kind of study must of necessity deal with the more obvious results of "exposure" that can be measured objectively. "Helping young people to develop ability for efficient self-guidance" is the writer's definition of the aim of guidance in the education program today. Throughout all the activities in connection with this study, this aim has been the key note.