Cette these presente le resultat obtenu a l'aide des premieres donnees collectees par NA48 en 1997 pour la mesure du parametre $Re(\varepsilon'/\varepsilon)$ de violation directe de CP. Une attention particuliere est portee a l'etude des performances des systemes de declenchement.

Thirteen N* states have been well-established according to the Particle Data Group, but some relativized quark models predict that many more N* resonances exist. Diquark models predict that the N* spectrum is limited by a correlated quark-pair in the nucleon, but there is strong evidence for the existence of the [Special characters omitted.] (1900)** resonance, which is absent in diquark models. Measuring the spectrum of N* states will provide valuable information on the relevant degrees of freedom within the nucleons. Most of the experimental searches for the N* states have been conducted in the πN channel. Some models of baryon decays predict that most of the unobserved N* states couple somewhat weakly to the πN channel, and that some couple non-negligibly to the KY, K*Y , and KY* channels. Measurements of the cross sections and polarization observables of strangeness photoproduction reactions can provide additional information on the spectrum of N* states. These measurements can be used in coupled-channel partial-wave analyses that can provide simultaneous constraints on the N* resonance parameters from several channels. These analyses can also take into account hadronic rescattering, which is predicted to have a large effect on the measured cross sections. However, to determine the isospin decomposition of the photo-transition amplitudes to these channels, photoproduction measurements are necessary on both the proton and the neutron. Measurements of the differential cross sections of the γn [arrow right] K* (892) 0 Λ and γn [arrow right] K + Σ*(1385) - reactions have been performed using data from the Jefferson Lab Hall B CLAS g13 experiment. No experimental cross section data have yet been published on the γn [arrow right] K* (892) 0 Λ reaction, and the only published cross section data on the γn [arrow right] K + Σ*(1385) - reaction are limited to forward angles, where t -channel K + and K* + exchanges are predicted to dominate. These cross sections are compared against theoretical models to study the channel interactions that give rise to their distributions. These reactions also have the same final state particles ( K + π - pπ - ), so studies of their potential interference were performed as well. A measurement of the γn [arrow right] pπ - cross section was also performed, and the agreement with published results within the uncertainties validated the integrity of the data and procedures used in this analysis.

Thesis--University of California, Berkeley, 1963. / "UC-34 Physics" -t.p. "TID-4500 (19th Ed.)" -t.p. Includes bibliographical references (p. 68-69).

Thesis (M.S. in Physics)--United States Naval Postgraduate School, 1959. / "Physics and Mathematics" -t.p. Includes bibliographical references (p. 22).

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:25:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2005-07Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:12:17Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 pereira_fp_me_ift.pdf: 702867 bytes, checksum: f7fc9729ffd27469017f6b87c0acb9f9 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O píon e o káon, como estados ligados quark-antiquark, são sistemas apropriados para o estudo de aspectos da QCD em regiões de energias baixas e intermediárias. Estes mésons vêm recebendo muita atenção, quando se usa o modelo de quark constituinte no formalismo do cone de luz para testar o regime não-perturbativo da QCD. O fator de forma eletromagnético do píon e do káon é calculado em um modelo teórico de campo pseudo-escalar com quarks constituintes, e sua estrutura é apresentada através da corrente eletromagnética extraída dos diagramas de Feynman triangulares. Utilizando tais diagramas, são obtidas as componentes J IND.'pi'POT.+ e J IND.'pi'POT.-; para o píon, e as componentes J IND.'capa'POT.+ e J IND.'capa'POT.-; para o káon, da corrente eletromagnética no formalismo do cone de luz. Através destas correntes, são obtidos os fatores de forma, levando-se em conta momentos transferidos baixos e intermediários. Por meio da abordagem de Feynman, além do fator de forma eletromagnético, são calculados a constante de decaimento e o raio desses mésons no formalismo do cone de luz. Uma concordância muito boa em relação aos dados experimentais é obtida. Foi mostrado que os termos de pares são essenciais para manter a covariância completa do formalismo. Este trabalho restringiu-se ao estudo dos elementos de matriz da corrente eletromagnética na camada de massa. / The pion and kaon, as quark-antiquark bound states, are appropriate systems to study aspects of QCD at low and intermediate energy regions. The pion and kaon has indeed received much attention, being used the constituent quark model in the light-cone formalism, to check the nonperturbative regime of QCD. The electromagnetic form factor of the pion and kaon is calculated in a pseudoscalar field theoretical model whith constituent quarks, and your structure is present in terms of the eletromagnetic current extracted of the triangle diagrams. Using this diagrams, was obtained the components J IND.'pi'POT.+ e J IND.'pi'POT.-; for the pion, and the J IND.'capa'POT.+ e J IND.'capa'POT.-; for the kaon, of the electromagnetic current in the light-cone formalism. Following, the form factor of these mesons are obtained, considering low and intermediate transfer momenta. By means of the Feynman approach, besides of the light-cone form factor, is obtained the constat decay and charge radius for this mesons in the light-cone formalism. A fairly good agreement with experiment is obtained. It is shown that the quark-antiquark pair terms are essential for retaining full covariance. This work was restricted to the study of on-shell current matrix elements

Orientador: Carlos Ourivio Escobar / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Fisica Gleb Wataghin / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-03T02:03:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ortiz_JefersonAltenhofen_D.pdf: 1112713 bytes, checksum: 5233f656ebd05b0fd2ac0f7d24b9ce9b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2002 / Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar um código de simulação por Monte Carlo do perfil longitudinal de chuveiros atmosféricos extensos, dando-se ênfase a chuveiros com energias extremamente altas (>10 18 eV). Este código consiste em um método híbrido de simulação, baseado em chuveiros piônicos pré-simulados e em uma técnica recursiva, o qual calcula com eficiência e rapidez o desenvolvimento de chuveiros atmosféricos, possibilitando prever o perfil longitudinal médio do chuveiro, o número de múons ao nível de observação experimental acima de vários limiares de energia, explorar as propriedades dos chuveiros e investigar a influência dos modelos de interações hadrônicas nas grandezas observadas em um experimento de raios cósmicos. O método híbrido permite simular um número grande de chuveiros com energias extremamente altas e obter informações importantes referentes às flutuações das componentes eletromagnética e hadrônica de chuveiros. No primeiro capítulo pretende-se fornecer um entendimento sobre raios cósmicos, a dificuldade das investigações realizadas, de que modo estas partículas cósmicas induzem os chuveiros atmosféricos extensos e como os chuveiros se desenvolvem na atmosfera. A física necessária para compreensão mais aprofundada deste fenômeno atmosférico e de seu desenvolvimento longitudinal é explorada no segundo capítulo. No terceiro capítulo é apresentado o método híbrido para simulação de chuveiros por Monte Carlo, bem como suas possíveis aplicações. São apresentadas as principais características de chuveiros atmosféricos induzidos por prótons com energias até 10 20;5 eV, comparando as previsões dadas por diferentes modelos de interações hadrônicas. A influência dos modelos de interações hadrônicas na evolução do chuveiro, em particular na taxa de elongação, é discutida. A aplicabilidade de aproximações analíticas para a multiplicidade muônica em função da energia também é investigada. Por fim, o trabalho é sumariado, discutindo-se os pontos mais importantes, as limitações e a eficácia do método híbrido, bem como as aplicações futuras / Abstract: The goal of this thesis is present a fast one dimensional hybrid method by Monte Carlo scheme to efficiently simulate the longitudinal development of extensive air showers up to the highest observed energies (>10 18eV). Based on precalculated pion showers and a bootstrap technique, the method predicts the average shower profile, the number of muons at detector level above several en-ergy thresholds as well as the investigation of many air shower properties and the influence of the hadronic interaction models on shower observables. The hybrid method allows the collection of sufficiently high Monte Carlo statistics without losing important information about the fluctuations of the electromagnetic and hadronic components of the shower. This thesis is structured as follows. Chapter one intends to provide a brief explanation about cosmic rays, obstacles in cosmic rays investigation and detection, and how such cosmic particles might generate extensive showers in the atmosphere. In chapter two it supplies the necessary physics to understand very carefully this atmospheric phenomenon and its longitudinal development. Chapter three describes the hybrid method, demonstrates the self-consistency of the method, and shows some possible applications. It is applied the hybrid method to proton induced showers at fixed energy up to 1020;5 eV providing predictions from different hadronic interaction models. In addition the elongation rate theorem is discussed in terms of the different hadronic models and their influence on shower evolution in the atmosphere. An alternative muon multiplicity parametrization is also investigated. Chapter four summarizes the results, examining some weak points and important applications as well as further investigations / Doutorado / Física / Doutor em Ciências

Hadron propagation in the nuclear medium is essential for building an accurate model of the nuclear many-body system. Quasiree electron scattering from nuclei is one of the tools used in the study of hadron propagation effects in the nuclear medium. Electroproduction and propagation of class=SpellE>kaons from nuclei provides an additional (strangeness) degree of freedom, inaccessible with other hadrons. An experiment to measure the transparency of pions was completed in Dec 2004 at the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility in Hall C. Using same data set, we report the first measurement of the nuclear transparency of class=SpellE>kaons for 12C, 63Cu and 197Au nuclei at Q2= 1.1, 2.0 and 3.0 (GeV/c)2. We have also extracted the average effective kaon-nucleus cross section from the nuclear transparency. The Q2 and A dependence of the transparency and average effective cross section are compared to results from kaon-nucleus scattering data and found consistent within experimental uncertainties.

Thesis (MSc (Physics))--University of Stellenbosch, 2007. / A relativistic plane wave model is developed for electromagnetic production of unbound hyperons with free kaons from nuclei. The differential cross section is expressed as a contraction of leptonic and hadronic tensors. The leptonic tensor is constructed by using the helicity representation of a free Dirac spinor. A model for the corresponding elementary process is used to calculate the hadronic tensor, in which the hadronic current operator Jˆμ is written as a linear combination of six invariant amplitudes and six Lorentz and gauge invariant quantities. The kinematics for this process is assumed to be a quasi-free process i.e., the electron interacts with only one bound nucleon inside the nucleus. The bound state wavefunction of the bound nucleon is calculated within the framework of the relativistic mean-field approximation. The unpolarized differential cross section for the K+ electroproduction process, e + A −→ e + K+ + A + Aresidual is calculated as a function of the hyperon scattering angle.

No description available.

Am Schwerionensynchrotron der GSI Darmstadt wurde die Produktion von K- und pi-Mesonen in Proton-Kern-Kollisionen ("pA") experimentell untersucht. Verschiedene Targetkerne (C, Au), Strahlenergien (1.6, 2.5, 3.5 GeV) und Beobachtungswinkel (32°-64°) ergaben eine reichhaltige Systematik und gestatteten Extrapolationen auf totale Wirkungsquerschnitte. In der Arbeit werden Vergleiche der einzelnen Messungen miteinander und mit pA-Messungen anderer Gruppen angestellt und diskutiert. Die Einordnung zwischen pp- und AA-Daten und der Vergleich mit theoretischen Vorhersagen ermöglicht grundlegende Aussagen über das Verhalten von K-Mesonen in Kernmaterie, sogenannte Medium-Effekte.