Philosophiae Doctor - PhD / This study explored the consequences of passion killing (PK) on the academic wellbeing of undergraduates in Botswana and Namibia. The study is motivated by the alarming rate of intimate partner femicide popularly referred to as passion killings in both countries; where dozens of young women are being killed by their jilted and angry boyfriends (who most times commit suicide after the murder). The victims and perpetrators are the future generation youths; and noticeably, this monstrous crime had permeated awfully into the universities in some African countries. However, to date, there is paucity of information on the influence of such occurrence on the academic wellbeing of undergraduates. The study employed qualitative research approach, with intrinsic case study design. It was grounded in interpretative paradigm. The participants were purposefully selected given the nature of the study as well as the site; the study used snowball purposive sampling. The samples were of six participants and the data was obtained through semi-structured face-to-face interviews. The data were coded and thematic analysis was used to analyse the content. Member checking procedures were also employed to assess the credibility and trustworthiness of the study as well as the suitability of the subjects in order to ensure that the results of the study were dependable and could be confirmed. The study adhered to the professional research ethical considerations like voluntary participation, informed consent, confidentiality, anonymity and avoidance of harm. The study found that incidence of PK is still burgeoning in the locations of study and very rampant among the young people; the victims are largely women. It is established from the data collected during in depth interviews with the students that passion killing has negative influence on the academic wellbeing of students in tertiary institutions in Botswana and Namibia. It causes social shock which leaves students in disconnected and disenchanted relationships; causes psychological trauma leading to feelings of insecurity and instability which affects their learning and concentration.

The aim of my Master's degree thesis is to unify the total view of the question of euthanasia and assisted suicide with an emphasis on the criminal law. I am not trying to concluded if legalise euthanasia by the Czech law or not, I just would like to outline the possibility of the legislation in the Czech law for the future, after providing the analysis of the countries where euthanasia has happened legal in the last few years. This thesis consists of the six chapters. At the beginning I am trying to give a detailed description of the substance of euthanasia and other related terms as assisted suicide, do not resuscitate and then I state usual forms and divisions of euthanasia. Then I deal with the history term in the world because for understanding and clarification this is necessary. The next chapter is already about euthanasia in Czech Republic, where this question has never been legalised but there were some efforts in some forms to do that. In this chapter I am concened with a legal qualification of killing on request and assisted suicide de lege lata and de lege ferenda. I also mention the opinions of the opponents and the protagonists of the question of euthanasia. The next chapter deals with a quality paliative care as one the arguments against euthanasia. It is impossible to omit the...

In 1843 a committee of the Colonial Bishroprics Fund appointed to investigate the state of the Church of England at the Cape of Good Hope, recommended the formation of a bishopric, and suggested that the bishop settle in the eastern districts of the colony, with an archdeacon in Cape Town. Three significant principles had been enunciated: the church was to grow under a bishop, the church would have a dual mission to blacks and whites, and the colony's eastern frontier, long a political and military headache, was seen as the focus of a new and spiritual battle. Contact between Nguni tribesmen and the eastward-moving European trekboer began in the region of the Fish River during the rule of the Dutch East India Company. Cattle and land were the main ingredients of the frontier conflict. From the point of view of the white settler, the growing cattle trade meant an increased need for pasture, but although the motive for expansion was economic, frontiersmen had come to regard large lands as their birthright. The semi-nomadic pastoral economy of the Nguni also required abundance of land, which was vested in the tribe. To the tribesmen, their cattle had a political, social and religious significance which transcended the economic. Cattle were sacrificed to the ancestors to propitiate the shades of the departed and to secure the prosperity of the tribe. The years of conflict, the constant threat to their herds and their land, undermined the basis of Nguni society, without providing it with a new foundation.

>Magister Scientiae - MSc / The therapeutic goal of cancer treatment is to trigger selective cell death in cancer cells. To eliminate cancerous cells effectively, the anti–cancer drugs must be targeted to the affected cells. However, anti–cancer drugs are often distributed non–specifically giving rise to systemic toxicities and other adverse effects. Cancer specific peptides are useful cancer targeting agents that can be used for the targeted delivery of anti-cancer drugs. Several cancer targeting peptides and some of their corresponding protein targets have been identified. Previous work investigated the specific binding of five of these peptides (p.C, p.H, p6.1, Frop-1 and p.L) conjugated to fluorescent nanoparticles (quantum dots) to a panel of human cell lines, which included four cancerous cell lines (Caco-2, HeLa, HT29 and HepG2) and one non-cancerous cell line (KMST-6). Flow cytometry showed that the p.L peptide preferentially bind to HT29 cells; suggesting that the expression levels of the target for the p.L peptide are higher in these cells. The objective of this study was to make use of target specific functionalised quantum dots (QDs) to deliver Second mitochondria-derived activator of caspases/ Direct AIP binding protein with low PI (Smac/DIABLO) to HT29 cells with the aim of enhancing the effects of pro-apoptotic drugs. Smac/DIABLO is a pro-apoptotic peptide that is able to interact with inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs), thereby inducing pro-apoptotic signalling. Methodology: CdSe/ZnS core-shell QDs were synthesised using the one-pot synthesis method. These QDs were characterised using photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy, high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The CdSe/ZnS core-shell QDs were solubilised with L-cysteine (Cys- QDs). The Cys-QDs were bi-conjugated to the p.L peptide and Smac peptide using 1-ethyl-3- (30-dimethylamino) carbodiimide (EDC) chemistry. Cultured HT29 cells were exposed to the 10 | P a g e QD peptide bi-conjugates and fluorescence microscopy was employed to assess targeting and internalisation. The cytotoxicity of the QD peptide bi-conjugates in combinatorial treatment with ceramide was evaluated using the WST-1 Cell Proliferation assay. A commercially available QD with similar chemistry was used to carry out a comparative study to relate the efficiency of the in-house synthesized QD.

Vortex detection has been a long-standing and challenging topic in fluid analysis. Recent state-of-the-art extraction and visualization of vortices in unsteady fluid flow employ objective vortex criteria, which makes feature extraction independent of reference frames or observers. However, even objectivity can only guarantee that different observers reach the same conclusions, but not necessarily guarantee that these conclusions are the only physically meaningful or relevant ones. Moreover, a significant challenge is that a single observer is often not sufficient to accurately observe multiple vortices that follow different motions. This thesis presents a novel mathematical framework that represents physically realizable observers as the Lie algebra of the Killing fields on the underlying manifold, together with a software system that enables the exploration and use of an interactively chosen set of observers, resulting in relative velocity fields and objective vortex structures in real-time. Based on our mathematical framework, our system facilitates the objective detection and visualization of vortices relative to well-adapted reference frame motions, while at the same time guaranteeing that these observers are physically realizable. We show how our framework speeds up the exploration of objective vortices in unsteady 2D flow, on planar as well as on spherical domains.

Lethal interactions between carnivorans (interspecific killing) may influence their population dynamics, behavior, and other important aspects of their ecology. In this study, I expand upon previous research on the broad-scale patterns of interspecific killing in Carnivora (Palomares & Caro 1999, Donadio & Buskirk 2006) with a greatly expanded dataset (inclusion of scat and stomach data and more intensive sampling of the literature), and suggest avenues for future research. While like previous studies, I found a positive effect of relative body size between killer species and killed species on the likelihood of forming a killing interaction, I failed to find evidence that this effect had a body size ratio threshold above which interactions become less common, suggesting a greater role of non-competitive killing than previously believed. I also found evidence for a positive influence of range overlap and dietary overlap on species interactions, but found mixed effects of phylogeny. This study suggests that our previous understanding of the broad-scale dynamics interspecific killing in Carnivora was, due to limited sampling, incomplete in scope. Incidental killing, whereby killing interactions occur as a byproduct of opportunistic lethal encounters caused by the hyperpredatory behavior of carnivorans, has a number of interesting implications for our understanding of interspecies aggression, including research on intraguild predation and its effects.

During the Second Intifada, Israel shocked the international community by becoming the first country in the world to publically announce an overt policy of targeted-killing. While utilized by Israel in previous conflicts, the Second Intifada was a turning point in Israeli history due to a series of dramatic changes introduced to its targeting policy which would sharply contrast those which were previously utilized. This diploma thesis analyzed thirty-eight cases of Israeli targeting operations conducted both before and during the Second Intifada to determine if the changes made to its policy during the Second Intifada resulted in more or less successful targeting operations compared to those conducted prior to this time period. The results of this study indicated that, following the introduction of the aforementioned policy changes, Israeli targeting operations during the Second Intifada were less successful than those conducted prior to this time period.

In violence and oppression in the name of honor, both women and men can be victims and perpetrators in different ways in this practice. In many countries, honorary standards are accepted. This means that family, relatives and family friends have the right to control, punish and in some cases murder girls and women if they are deemed to have "brought shame on the family". This thesis aims to explore these cultural practices and the role and actions of women regarding violence and oppression in the name of honor, based on the interviews with professionals combined with research related to the custom. The structure in this thesis is based on the following questions: What is violence and oppression in the name of honor? And what role does women play in this cultural custom? To achieve answers to these questions a qualitative research-method was applied to the study. The qualitative study comprises interviews with 4 strategically selected participants with in-depth knowledge of violence and oppression in the name of honor in their professional capacity.  The interview material in this thesis, which is also structured by themes, has been analyzed through a gender theoretic framework.  In conclusion, the study shows that violence and oppression in the name of honor can be practiced everywhere and shows how women play an active part in the custom by participating, nourishing and enforcing the control of family members and possibly punish anyone who violates the honorary norm.

The central objective of this work is to present an analysis of the asymptotic conformal Killing vectors in asymptotically-flat space-times of general relativity. This problem has been examined by two different methods; in Chapter 5 the asymptotic expansion technique originated by Newman and Unti [31] leads to a solution for asymptotically-flat spacetimes which admit an asymptotically shear-free congruence of null geodesics, and in Chapter 6 the conformal rescaling technique of Penrose [54] is used both to support the findings of the previous chapter and to set out a procedure for solution in the general case. It is pointed out that Penrose's conformal technique is preferable to the use of asymptotic expansion methods, since it can be established in a rigorous manner without leading to the possible convergence difficulties associated with asymptotic expansions. Since the asymptotic conformal symmetry groups of asymptotically flat space-times Are generalisations of the conformal group of Minkowski space-time we devote Chapters 3 and 4 to a study of the flat space case so that the results of later chapters may receive an interpretation in terms of familiar concepts. These chapters fulfil a second, equally important, role in establishing local isomorphisms between the Minkowski-space conformal group, 90(2,4) and SU(2,2). The SO(2,4) representation has been used by Kastrup [61] to give a physical interpretation using space-time gauge transformations. This appears as part of the survey of interpretative work in Chapter 7. The SU(2,2) representation of the conformal group has assumed a theoretical prominence in recent years. through the work of Penrose [9-11] on twistors. In Chapter 4 we establish contact with twistor ideas by showing that points in Minkowski space-time correspond to certain complex skew-symmetric rank two tensors on the SU(2,2) carrier space. These objects are, in Penrose's terminology [91, simple skew-symmetric twistors of valence [J. A particularly interesting aspect of conformal objects in space-time is explored in Chapter 8, where we extend the work of Geroch [16] on multipole moments of the Laplace equation in 3-space to the consideration. of Q tý =0 in Minkowski space-time. This development hinges upon the fact that multipole moment fields are also conformal Killing tensors. In the final chapter some elementary applications of the results of Chapters 3 and 5 are made to cosmological models which have conformal flatness or asymptotic conformal flatness. In the first class here we have 'models of the Robertson-Walker type and in the second class we have the asymptotically-Friedmann universes considered by Hawking [73]. / University of Bradford Research Studenship

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