The intention of this thesis is to try to uncover the meaning of the sin offering once again. To get to this new point of view, it uses synchronic methods and thorough analysis of defined texts of Leviticus (from the first, the fourth and the sixth chapter) and it even uses analysis of single words in a wider context. First it is concerned about getting deeply into the understanding of what sin is, then that the sacrificial animal probably becomes the sin and the sin is killed. Also there is a priest, who makes rites with the blood and the fat. It is likely that both of these rites have very deep sense. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

The goal of the present thesis is to introduce on a Riemannian Spin- manifold a system of partial differential equations for spinor-valued differ- ential forms called Killing equations. We study basic properties of several types of Killing fields and relationships among them. We provide a simple construction of Killing spinor-valued forms from Killing spinors and Killing forms. We also review the construction of metric cone and discuss the re- lationship between Killing spinor-valued forms on the base manifold and parallel spinor-valued forms on the metric cone.

Within the fight against terrorism, conflicts may arise between the interest of the state to maximize the effectiveness of methods of combating terrorism and the international standard of human rights. One of the methods that some states carry out to combat terrorism is targeted killing. Legitimate effort of states to suppress terrorism and may not lead to violations of human rights. The thesis aims to answer the question: "Is targeted killing a permissible method of combating terrorism, in terms of the lex lata of human rights law, humanitarian law and rules for the use of force between states?" Regarding the methodology of the thesis I was inspired by the books: "Vědecká propedeutika pro právníky" by Viktor Knapp," Metodologie vědy" by František Ochrana and "Jak studovat politiku" by Peter Drulák. The thesis consists of four chapters. The objective of the first chapter is descriptive. The first chapter should clarify the terminology and content of key concepts. The content of the second chapter is an analysis of the legality of targeted killings under human rights law. The third chapter examines the conditions of legality of targeted killings in humanitarian law. Chapter Four deals with the admissibility of targeted killings in the light of law of interstate force. Through an analysis of...

Staphylococcus aureus is human pathogen and is causative factor of many diseases with different character, from light infections of the skin to life-threatening sepsis. S. aureus often colonizes cystic fibrosis patient's lungs and causes long-standing pneumonia, which can cause death in these patients. Infection caused by S. aureus are, as most of the infections, treated with antibiotics. Failure in treatment is caused because of presence of resistant strains. It was shown, that treatment failure can be caused by different type of the antibiotic tolerance - by the persistence. Persisters are phenotypic variants of isogenic bacterial population, that is unaffected by antibiotic treatment even though they don't have genetics determinants of the resistance. The phenomenon of the persistence in bacteria is still relatively poorly understood. The aim of my thesis was to contribute to the characterization of the persistence in S. aureus. We have optimized a method for rapid identification of persisters' amount in the bacterial population after treatment with antibiotics using the method of measuring the killing curves. We have found out, that exposure to osmotic stress causes increase in number of persistence in the bacterial population by 1 - 2,5 order. Using quantitative PCR method we have analyzed the...

Crime of murder under section 140 of the criminal code: criminal law, criminological and criminalistic aspects Abstract This thesis is intended to provide the reader with a comprehensive overview of the crime phenomenon of murder not only from a criminal law point of view, but also from a criminological and criminalistic point of view. Before the analysis of the actual questions is first described the history of the legal regulation of murders in the territory of nowadays Czech Republic, as the outline of the development and approach to punishment of murders in history serves to better understand the form of the present arrangement and its meaning. Subsequently, the term human life is described, in which it is important to define its beginning and end, as it is highlighted that it is the object of the murder crime and the most important criminal code protected by the interest. After that, the issue of the crime of murder from the point of view of criminal law is already addressed, especially by its inclusion within the system of intentional killing, which is contained in the current Criminal Code. At the beginning, the elements of a crime of murder are characterized and typified. Then the space is given to analysis the types of murders and their features as they are defined in § 140 of the Criminal Code....

La corrida espagnole est une forme de course de taureaux consistant en un combat entre un homme et un taureau et qui se termine par la mise à mort en public de ce dernier. Cette pratique tauromachique est aujourd’hui très controversée en Espagne. Si les aficionados, les défenseurs de la tauromachie espagnole, voient dans la corrida une tradition culturelle centenaire et une attraction touristique, les anticorridas, les défenseurs de l’abolition de la corrida, la considèrent comme une pratique sanguinaire dont la mise à mort se situe au centre des contestations. Dans cette thèse nous présentons tout d’abord une analyse historique, symbolique et sociétale de la corrida ainsi qu’une analyse des controverses qui y sont liées en présentant de façon dépassionnée les arguments des opposants et des défenseurs de cette pratique. Pour tenter d’évaluer la nécessité de cette mise à mort donnée par le matador, nous présentons par la suite deux tauromachies sans mise à mort. La première est la tourada portugaise, la soeur ibérique de la corrida dans laquelle la mise à mort dans les arènes reste symbolique tandis que la mise à mort se fait de façon cachée après le spectacle. La seconde est le savika à Madagascar qui oppose hommes et zébus dans des combats à mains nues sans mise à mort ni blessures portées aux zébus. Une comparaison approfondie de ces deux pratiques avec la corrida, du point de vue des origines, des valeurs, des symboles et de la sophistication du spectacle, montre clairement que l’absence de mise à mort dans ces pratiques alternatives ne réduit en rien le sens du combat qui reste très proche de la corrida. Celle-ci pourrait donc tout à fait évoluer dans le futur en abrogeant sa mise à mort publique du taureau sans compromettre ses valeurs essentielles. / The Spanish bullfight is a form of bullfighting consisting of a fight between men and a bull and ends with the publickilling of the bull. Today, this practice is very contested in Spain. If the aficionados, the defenders of the Spanish bullfight, see this practice as a centenarian cultural tradition and a tourist attraction, anti-bullfighting persons which defend the abolition of Spanish bullfight, consider it as a bloodthirsty practice and the final killing remains the main concern of the debate. In this thesis, we present firstly an historical, symbolic and societal analyses of the Spanish bullfight and then an analysis of its controversies. The arguments of the opponents and the defenders of this practice are presented in an unbiased way. To evaluate the necessity of the final killing, given by the matador, we present two other bullfighting practices without any public killing of the bull. The first is the Portuguese tourada, the Iberian sister of the Spanish bullfight, in which the killing of the bull remains symbolic, while the real killing is done in a hidden way, after the show. The second is the Malagasy savika, which opposes men and zebus in bare-handed combat, without any killing or wounding for the zebus. A thorough comparison of these two practices with Spanish bullfight, from the point of view of the origins, values, symbols and sophistication of the show, reveals clearly that the non-killing of the bulls in these alternative practices does not reduce the meaning of the fight, which remains very close to the Spanish bullfight. So, if this practice evolves in the future, in a way without public killing of thebull, Spanish bullfight would not compromise its essential values but could get a better acceptability. / La corrida de toros es una fiesta que consiste en lidiar toros bravos y que termina con la muerte de este último enpúblico. Ahora esta práctica taurina es muy controvertida en España. así como los aficionados y los defensores de las corridas de toros españoles, ven en ésta una tradición cultural centenaria y una atracción turística, en cambio en las anticorridas, los defensores de la abolición de las corridas de toros, La consideran como una práctica sangrienta cuya muerte es el centro de las disputas. En esta tesis presentamos en primer lugar un análisis histórico, social y simbólico de las corridas de toros junto con las controversias conexas, presentando de forma objetiva los argumentos de los opositores y defensores de esta práctica. Para intentar evaluar la necesidad y el valor de esta matanza a manos del matador, presentando a través de dos corridas de toros sin muerte en el ruedo. La primera es la tourada portuguesa, la hermana ibérica de la corrida de los toros, cuya matanza en el ruedo está prohibida en Portugal. La muerte del toro en el ruedo sigue siendo simbólica, pero lo hacen después de la feria. El segundo es el savika de Madagascar es una lucha entre hombres y un cebú, el combate es sin armas, sin matar o herir el cebú. haciendo una comparación exhaustiva en estas dos prácticas de la corrida de toros, desde la perspectiva de sus orígenes, valores, símbolos y la sofisticación de la serie, muestra claramente que la ausencia de matar A los toros en estas prácticas alternativas, no disminuye el sentido de la lucha y se mantiene próxima a la corrida. Así podría evolucionar en el futuro el abolir la matanza pública del toro, sin comprometer sus valores fundamentales.

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The United States increasingly has resorted to the use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) for targeted killings of terrorists as a counterterrorism strategy. More states and terrorist organizations also are acquiring UAVs and this development can lead to indiscriminate and unregulated use of UAVs. Previous researchers have indicated the surveillance ability and precise weapon delivery capacity of UAVs make them a weapon of choice for U.S. counterterrorism efforts. Although the U.S. government estimated the collateral damage involved in the use of UAVs at 3-5%, nongovernmental sources put it at 25-40%. A gap exists in the current literature regarding public perception of the use of UAVs as a counterterrorism measure and how international humanitarian law (IHL) may interpret employment of UAVs. The purpose of this quantitative, cross-sectional study is to determine if a relationship exists among public support of the use of UAVs for targeted killing, attitudes towards counterterrorism, and public perceptions of IHL. An online survey was used to collect data from 104 adult participants using the convenience sampling method. Logistic regression, ANOVA, and correlational analyses helped to determine the relationships. The outcomes contributed to the existing literature by providing important data related to public perception of the use of UAVs with the potential to enhance global peace and security. The results contributed to social change initiatives through the potential to facilitate the establishment of international and domestic legal frameworks to regulate the future employment of UAVs for targeted killing.

Phytophthora infestans (Mont) de Bary is a devastating pathogen in potato producing regions around the world. Populations of the organism in Canada shifted during the mid-1990’s as the US-1 strain (A1, metalaxyl-sensitive) was displaced by the highly aggressive, US-8 strain (A2, metalaxyl-insensitive). An increase in the incidence and severity of late blight has followed. Late blight is controlled by cultural practices aimed at eliminating disease sources and by the application of foliar fungicides. Tubers can become infected at harvest from contact with blighted vines leading to severe losses in storage. In many production areas, growers desiccate vines two to three weeks prior to harvest to reduce late blight tuber rot. However, in Manitoba, because of the loss of potential yield that results from vine killing prior to harvest in a late maturing cultivar such as Russet Burbank, growers are reluctant to adopt this practice. The objective of this study was to develop recommendations for preharvest management practices that reduce storage losses due to late blight. Field trials were conducted in 1997 and 1998 to investigate the effect of vine desiccation with diquat and/or a late season application of chlorothalonil and copper hydroxide on yield, processing quality, and disease development in storage. Desiccating vines with diquat two weeks prior to harvest reduced yield and tuber size. Compared to the untreated control, the largest reductions in marketable yield were observed for the early September harvest. By the late September harvest, however, the effect of vine killing in reducing marketable yield was less apparent. Specific gravity was lower in the vine killed treatment for all harvest dates in 1997 and in the early and mid September harvests in 1998. Vine killing did not contribute to elevated levels of reducing sugars or consistently darker fry colour at harvest or during storage. Skin-set was improved when vines were desiccated for all harvest dates in 1997 and at the early September harvest date in 1998. Vine killing reduced tuber rot in storage caused by Fusarium dry rot and Pythium leak for the early and mid September harvest dates in 1997. The incidence of late blight tuber rot was reduced in storage for the early September harvest in 1998 when vines were desiccated. The late-season application of chlorothalonil and copper hydroxide did not reduce tuber rot in storage in storage either year. Results from this study indicate that vine killing two weeks before an early to mid- September harvest is not recommended in Manitoba because of reductions in yield and specific gravity. Alternative management practices to reduce late blight tuber rot in storage should be investigated. / February 2005

It is a common observation that organizations of violence make use of moral transgression to bond new recruits to the group’s authority figures and to encourage compliance to them. The present study drew on the work of Festinger (1957), Aronson and Mills (1959) and Martens et al. (2007) and, for the first time examined this observation empirically. It was hypothesized that when participants agreed to make a moral transgression for the experimenter that they would come to view him more positively, see him as more professional and become more compliant to him, and that this would happen even more when that choice to comply was made salient. Participants were asked to place a number of bugs into a modified coffee grinder that ostensibly exterminated the bugs and then to activate the device. No bugs were killed in any condition, but participants were either led to believe that they were killing the bugs or informed that it was just a simulation. Subsequent positivity in the perception of the experimenter and how professional they considered him to be was then measured by questionnaire and compliance to him was measured in an optional data-entry task. Results yielded partial support for the research hypotheses suggesting that at least under some circumstances, agreeing to make a personal moral transgression for an authority figure leads to increases in the positivity in the perception of that figure and compliance to him and that making that choice salient enhances this effect. The implications of this finding for the understanding of the processes by which a person can become bonded to unsavory authority-figures and potential applications to community education programs are discussed; as are the limitations of this study and possibilities for future research.