No description available.

University, Diss., 2005--Bonn.

Stuttgart, Univ., Diss., 2004.

Introduktion: Det är många som efter en främre korsbandsskada inte klarar av att återgå till sin idrott, trots godkända resultat i olika funktionstester som används. Nya och mer krävande tester med sidostress som utvärderar rörelsekvalité och knästabilitet är eftersökta och behöver utformas, för att vidare undersöka om den skadade har tillräckligt bra knäfunktion för återgång till idrott. Syfte: Undersöka test-återtest reliabilitet av tid till stabilisering (TTS) och knäkinematik under ett nyutvecklat standardiserat sidohopp på ett ben, och jämföra reliabiliteten samt rörelsemönster för knän mellan kvinnliga elitinnebandyspelare och kvinnliga kontroller. Deltagare: En grupp med kvinnliga elitinnebandyspelare (N=10) och en kontrollgrupp (N=7). Metod: Under två testtillfällen utförde deltagarna ett nyutvecklat, standardiserat sidohoppstest på ett ben. Som utfallsmått användes tid till stabilisering (TTS), knäkinematik och antal godkända hopp. Test-återtest reliabilitet analyserades genom ICC (2,k) och jämförelse utav grupper gjordes med oberoende t-test och Mann-Whitney U test. Resultat: Test-återtest reliabiliteten visade sig vara 0.50-0.66 för TTS, 0.47-0.95 för knävinklar och 0.10-0.56 för antal godkända hopp. I jämförelsen mellan atleter och kontrollgrupp sågs en signifikant skillnad i antal godkända hopp under testtillfälle 1 (9.60 vs 8.29, p-värde=0.01). Konklusion: Detta nya sidohopp verkar generellt ha bra till utmärkt test-återtest reliabilitet enligt ICC. Det konstateras också att hoppet ställer höga krav på stabilitet i sidled, vilket ses utifrån höga TTS-värden i M-L riktning och höga abduktionsvinklar. / Introduction: The number of people successfully returning to their pre-injury sport level after rehabilitation of an anterior cruciate ligament injury are low, despite the fact that they pass the different tests of function that are used. New and more demanding tests assessing the quality of movement and knee stability sideways are, to further investigate if the injured person has a good enough knee function to be able to return to sport. Aim: To examine the test-retest reliability of time to stabilization (TTS) and knee kinematics during a standardized single-legged side-jump test, and also to compare movement patterns between a group of female elite floorball players and female controls. Participants: A group of elite, female floorball players (N=10) and a control group (N=7). Method: On two test-occasions a single-legged side-jump test was performed by the participants. The outcomes were time to stabilization (TTS), knee kinematics and the number of successful jumps. The test-retest reliability was analysed by ICC (2,k) and the group comparison were made by independent t-test and Mann-Whitney U test. Results: The test-retest reliability were 0.50-0.66 for TTS, 0.47-0.95 for knee kinematics and 0.10-0.56 for number of successful jumps. The comparison of floorball players and control group showed a significant difference in the outcome number of successful jumps during test occasion 1 (9.60 vs 8.29, p-value=0.01). Conclusion: The new single-legged side-jump seems to have good to excellent reliability in general according to ICC. It is also concluded that this new jump is demanding regarding the stability sideways, which can be seen from large TTS-values in M-L direction and large angles for abduction.

<p>Aim<br />The purposes of the present study were, to determine if partial and full-swing shots performed by skilled golfers were organized in a proximal-to-distal sequencing (PDS) pattern and to examine the speed-summation effect at pelvis, upper torso and hand segments.</p><p>Method<br />Three-dimensional kinematic recordings of pelvis, upper torso, and hand were made while forty-seven skilled golfers stroke three different clubs a range of submaximal and maximal shot distances.</p><p>Results<br />This study showed a clear proximal-to-distal temporal relationship of movement onset and peak angular speed at the pelvis, upper torso and hand segments in the golf swing. The same temporal structure was evident at all test conditions, among different gender and level of expertise. Further, results revealed a summation effect of angular velocity from proximal-to-distal, with each succeeding segment generating a larger rotational speed than the proximal segment. However, the increment in speed from proximal-to-distal was different among gender and level of expertise. Conclusions The temporal relation of segment kinematics suggests a common PDS organization in partial and full-swing shots for skilled golfers. A speed-summation effect of segmental angular speed indicates that participants did utilize interaction torques in a proximal-to-distal manner. The role of the observed PDS organization and speed-summation effect in partial shots might be to improve accuracy and, potentially, golfers should concentrate on speed initially in learning the golf swing.</p>

Aim<br />The purposes of the present study were, to determine if partial and full-swing shots performed by skilled golfers were organized in a proximal-to-distal sequencing (PDS) pattern and to examine the speed-summation effect at pelvis, upper torso and hand segments. Method<br />Three-dimensional kinematic recordings of pelvis, upper torso, and hand were made while forty-seven skilled golfers stroke three different clubs a range of submaximal and maximal shot distances. Results<br />This study showed a clear proximal-to-distal temporal relationship of movement onset and peak angular speed at the pelvis, upper torso and hand segments in the golf swing. The same temporal structure was evident at all test conditions, among different gender and level of expertise. Further, results revealed a summation effect of angular velocity from proximal-to-distal, with each succeeding segment generating a larger rotational speed than the proximal segment. However, the increment in speed from proximal-to-distal was different among gender and level of expertise. Conclusions The temporal relation of segment kinematics suggests a common PDS organization in partial and full-swing shots for skilled golfers. A speed-summation effect of segmental angular speed indicates that participants did utilize interaction torques in a proximal-to-distal manner. The role of the observed PDS organization and speed-summation effect in partial shots might be to improve accuracy and, potentially, golfers should concentrate on speed initially in learning the golf swing.

Aim The aim of the study was to examine the wrist angles at impact when striking from two surfaces common in golf. The research question was: is there a difference in ulnar/radial deviation or flexion/extension at the wrists when striking from a mat placed on a steel platform compared to striking from grass.   Method Six male elite golf players (Handicap: +0.6±2.2) were recruited for the study. An optoelectronic system containing 12 infrared cameras captured reflective markers placed on the participants and on a golf club when they performed three shots from a mat and three shots from grass. The markers were identified in the Qualisys Track Manager software and the marker trajectories were imported into Visual 3D. Reflective markers were placed bilaterally on the medial and lateral epicondyle of the humerus, the radial and ulnar styloid processes, and the 2nd and 5th metacarpophalangeal joint. In addition, an elbow joint marker was calculated as the midpoint of the two elbow markers. The local frames were defined from these markers giving the proximal and distal ends of segments and the frontal plane.The wrist angles were defined as the orientation of the local frame of the hand segment relative to the orientation of the local frame of the forearm segment. Flexion/extension and ulnar/radial deviation of the wrists were calculated at impact.   Results There were no significant differences (p &gt; 0.05) in ulnar deviation or flexion/extension at impact for either wrist between the two conditions.   Conclusion No significant differences in the wrist angles at impact between the two conditions indicate that the wrist position did not change significantly between the two conditions. This may be positive from a learning perspective since the technique does not change irrespective of the condition. Furthermore since there was no significant difference in ulnar deviation at impact between the two conditions, the ulnar deviation at impact is presumably not a reason for why players and researchers suggest that playing from mats is more injurious than playing from grass. The reason could be due to differences in the loads on the wrists when striking from the different surfaces. Future research should therefore be conducted to examine the differences in loading of the wrist joints between the two conditions. / Syfte och frågeställningar Syftet med studien var att undersöka handledsvinklarna vid träffögonblicket vid slag från två vanliga underlag i golf. Frågeställningarna var: finns det en skillnad i ulnar/radial deviation eller flexion/extension vid handlederna vid slag från en matta placerad på en stålställning jämfört med slag från gräs.   Metod Sex manliga elit golfare (Handikapp: +0.6±2.2) rekryterades till studien. Ett optoelektroniskt system innehållandes 12 infraröda kameror registrerade reflekterande markörer som var placerade på försökspersonerna och på en golfklubba när försökspersonerna utövade tre slag från matta och tre slag från gräs. Markörerna identifierades sedan i mjukvaran Qualisys Track Manager och markörbanan importerades till Visual 3D. De reflekterande markörerna placerades bilateralt på mediala och laterala epikondylerna av humerus, stydoliderna på radius och ulna, samt på andra och femte metakarpofalangealled. Utöver dessa markörer så beräknades en armbågsmarkör som mittpunkten mellan de två armbågsmarkörerna. De lokala koordinatsystemen var definierade från dessa markörer vilket gav de proximala och distala änderna av segmenten samt frontal planet. Handledsvinklarna var definierade som positionen av det lokala koordinatsystemet på hand segmentet i förhållande till positionen av underarmssegmentets lokala koordinatsystem. Flexion/extension och ulnar/radial deviation av handlederna beräknades vid träffögonblicket.   Resultat Inga signifikanta skillnader (p &gt; 0.05) upptäcktes för ulnar deviation eller flexion/extension vid träffögonblicket för någon av handlederna mellan de två underlagen.   Slutsats Att det inte upptäcktes några signifikanta skillnader i någon av handledsvinklarna vid träffögonblicket mellan de två underlagen visar på att handledens vinkelposition inte skiljer sig signifikant mellan de två underlagen. Detta kan vara positivt ur ett inlärningsperspektiv eftersom tekniken inte ändras om man byter underlag. Att ulnar deviationen inte skiljde sig mellan de två underlagen tyder på att ulnar deviationen troligtvis inte är en orsak till varför forskare och spelare föreslår att slag från matta är mer skadligt än slag från gräs. Anledningen till detta kan vara på grund av skillnader i handledsbelastning vid slag från de olika underlagen. Fortsatt forskning bör därför undersöka skillnader i belastningen på handlederna mellan de två underlagen.

Zugl.: Linz, Univ., Diss., 2008

Zugl.: Karlsruhe, Univ., Diss., 2007

München, Techn. Univ., Diss., 2004.