The diploma thesis deals with mortgage loans in the introductory part. There is the definition of a mortgage loan and listed its basic types. The thesis deals also with process of provision including the most important requirements: creditworthiness of a client, securing the loan, amount of the loan, the loan agreement, drawing and repayment of the loan. Further this work is focused on the price of mortgage loan and other related aspects such as mortgage bonds, state aid or supplementary loan. In the second part of the thesis there are presented the basic characteristics and the development of the mortgage market in the Czech republic. This part also contains the analysis of current offer of mortgage products by selected banks. The comparison is based on the model example and the most advantageous mortgage loan is evaluated according to selected criteria.

This diploma thesis deals with a research carried out at Prague travel agencies using the Mystery shopping method and the follow-up evaluation and recommendation of a suitable form of selling in a respective region. The aim of the work is to evaluate the travel agencies from the point of view of the quality of the offered products, provided services, the agents´knowledge and the general interaction with them. The theoretic part consists of chapters that explain the key concepts and definitions of tourism and their forms of selling. In the methodical part the Mystery shopping method is discribed from the point of view of the historiy and evaluation of the work including the research period. The practical part is dedicated to the analysis of the data obtained during the Mystery shopping realized at travel agencies and includes three parts. The first research has the form of an online require in which the agents´ability of offering and follow-up selling of a product is evaluated. This research is carried out through the email communication. The second research concerns ordering tours on web portal where the agents´willingness to arrange further services for a tour is evaluated. This research is carried out through the phone communication. The third Mystery shopping research is realized personally at individual travel agents offices and the agent´s direct communication and dealing with the customer as well as his professionality are evaluated.

The legal protection of clients of financial institutions Abstract The first chapter focuses on the definition of basic concepts essential to the subject of this work. Emphasis was placed on defining the term of client in relation to the notion of a customer who is often used in positive law at both European and national level. Furthermore, the concept of consumer is defined, which is a generally used category of customers and is offered the highest legal protection. The notion of financial institution and the concept of legal protection are also important in defining the scope of this work. Given the diversity of the current financial services market, in the rest of my thesis I have focused only on the most important providers of financial services and the legislation governing their activities. The concept of legal protection is defined in the sense of division into institutional and normative legal protection, with the focus being on normative protection. The aim of the second chapter was to describe the basic aspects of two complementary principles of law as the theoretical basis of legal protection of clients, which are the concept of autonomy of will and the protection of the weaker party. The principle of protection of the weaker party and its modality of consumer protection has been introduced from...

The thesis deals with the realization of the criteria for saturation of the patient's needs. In the current system of nursing care, the principles of modern nursing are failing to realize and therefore we want to find out the main obstacles of this situation and the possibilities of their removal. For the purpose of the thesis there were set three objectives. The first of them has set the objective of finding out the most common problems in meeting the criteria for saturation of the patient's needs. The research showed that the nurses see the problem in a lack of staff at the wards, a lack of time, excess of documentation, excessive demands for nurses. The purpose of the second objective was to find out what supports the realization of the criteria for saturation of the patient's needs. Results have shown that what helps nurses is a positive work environment, motivation, nurse´s personality, own scale of values, salary, good leadership, organization, nursing care. The third objective was to find out the opinion of nurses on meeting the criteria for saturation of the patient's needs. It turned out that the majority of respondents think that nurses do not effectively satisfy all the needs of patients for a number of reasons: there are few nurses and they are overloaded, the nurses do their best but still cannot satisfy all the patients´ needs. We also found out that the higher patients´ needs are omitted. Less than a third of the nurses indicated that nurses effectively meet all the patients´ needs. For the qualitative part of the research, we set two research questions in advance. Which criteria nurses use in patients´ needs saturation? The research showed that time, which is very valuable for nurses and very often is in short supply, is an important criteria for the saturation of the patient's needs. Furthermore, it is knowledge and manual dexterity when nurses additionally reported a lack of education of some nurses especially within the nursing process. As the next criteria, it was mentioned the cooperation with the patient as it is necessary to engage patient himself in care planning. The next criteria is monitoring of the patient´s response, which is included in every phase of the nursing process. Furthermore, the nurses agreed on criteria, which include communication as a key skill of every nurse, then individual care, a suitable environment and utilities, education, critical thinking, effective nursing process and empathy. The second research question tried to find out which obstacles prevent nurses in effective saturation of the patients´ needs. We found out that nurses are concerned about a lack of staff at wards and the excess of administrative load, which is related to a lack of time for patients. These three factors are also obstacles for nurses and prevent them from effective satisfying of the patients´ needs. The next obstacles in satisfying the needs are burnout, reluctance of nurses to work, excessive demands for nurses, poor workplace relationships, a lack of evaluation both in a form of praise and appreciation, and finance. We also found a lack of information, which is related to a lack of time, as nurses do not have a chance to collect all the information concerning the patient. As another possible obstacle, nurses also mentioned personal problems. The results of the thesis can be used as a small contribution to currently ongoing effort of the Czech Association of Nurses.

Theoretical Foundations Ageing and old age are natural parts of every individual during their lives. Most of the population wants to live an active life of the best quality possible. Nutrition is a factor that influences healthy aging most significantly. Adequate nutrition plays an important role in maintaining the quality of life and good physical condition. Nutritional needs of the elderly are highly specific. The nutritional needs of the elderly are defined mainly by changes in the organism and a wide range of influencing factors resulting from a person's lifestyle. An important role is played especially by eating habits, social and cultural environment, education, social status, economic standards and, ultimately, health and psychological condition of a person. Proper nutrition of the elderly contributes to their health and wellbeing; it is also important for recovery from the illnesses to which the elderly are more vulnerable. When providing nutrition to the elderly in hospitals, the role of nurses is important. Objective of the Thesis Four objectives were specified for the thesis: 1 To find out whether nurses follow the principles of providing nutrition to the elderly. 2 To identify the most common factors that affect nutrition of the elderly in hospitals. 3 To map the most common nutritional disorders in the elderly occurring in hospitals. 4 To find out what diet is the most common in the elderly staying in hospitals. Methodology The research qualitative inquiry was conducted in the form of covert observation. The objects of observation were the nurses working at a department of aftercare, which were observed in serving food to the elderly. The covert observations were complemented with depth interviews, also with the observed nurses working at the department aftercare. The observations were processed in Microsoft Excel in the form of tables and the interviews were processed in the Atlas.ti programme. Results The observations of the nurses in serving of food to the elderly showed that all the observed nurses failed to comply with the principles of providing nutrition to the elderly in the hospital. More or less each of the observed nurses made some mistakes. The most frequently occurring mistakes were as follows: While serving food, the nurses did not use aprons or serving overalls; the nurses did not prevent direct hand contact with the food. Almost half of the observed nurses did not provide the patients with sufficient time and the support to the patients while serving the food by the observed nurses was also inadequate. Further, nearly half of the observed nurses did not wish a Bon appetite to the patients. Also noteworthy is the latest most frequent mistake: nearly half of the nurses did not put away their aids after serving food. In the interviews, the nurses surveyed identified the most frequent factors influencing nutrition of the elderly in hospitals as follows: biological changes in old age, various types of dementia, psychological condition of the individual, co-morbidities, medication use, eating habits of the individual, the state of dentition (dental prosthesis), and the influence of the family. The most common nutritional disorders identified were as follows: absence of appetite, dehydration, excess weight, obesity and malnutrition. The most common diets eaten by the elderly in hospitals were identified as follows: diets no. 3, 9, 4, 0 and also diets in ground form, puree form and food served through an NGS (nasogastric tube). Conclusion Based on the research survey and the review of expert literature, a standard of nursing care, called "Serving food to patients with deficient self-care in nutrition", was designed for nursing staff. Nursing staff will have the opportunity to use the manual that will serve them as good practice when serving food to patients with deficient self-care in nutrition, and nurses will not consider the activity as a routine procedure.

This thesis deals with the effectiveness of use of aids intended for incontinent ill people in subsequent care. The thesis is divided into a theoretical part and experience part. The experience part of the thesis has been implemented by means of qualitative research. The data have been obtained on the basis of two different half pen and paper interviews with patients/clients who are using incontinence aids prescribed by a doctor on a coupon or by a matron or a ward sister from the subsequent care department in hospitals with the state-funded organization and in hospitals with the joint-stock company organization. The result of the qualitative research showed, that both groups of respondents use mostly only plastic pants or nappies out of the whole assortment of aids. For patients/clients living at home the reason is that on the basis of anamnesis the general doctors prescribe the incontinence aids only in the most serious incontinence cases. At the subsequent care department the situation is caused by a big number of immobile fully incontinent patients/clients. The results show, that the quantity of absorb aids prescribed by general doctors is insufficient. It does not reach the quantity limits given in the documents by VZP (Public Health Insurance Company). Taking into consideration the low income of seniors, the respondents have to pay considerable amounts of money for incontinence aids which are necessary for them. There is an absolute lack of absorption aids in the hospital with the state funded organization. The incontinence aids are financed by three different ways. Patients/clients themselves have to get and pay the absorption aids at the Geriatrics department I and subsequent care department 2. The hospital provides them only with one-off mats and hygienic aids free of charge. The reason for this is a low limit of material. The respondents regard this system of financing negatively. It burdens patients/clients and nurses too. If patients/clients do not have the aids, the hospital has to lend the aids, make a list of debts and collects them back. On this account conflict situations often arise in families. At these departments there are reserved five social beds which enable patients/clients the prescription of aids by a doctor on a coupon likewise the patients who are ill and cure at home. At the stopgap department patients/clients pay a monthly fee; this includes the costs on incontinence aids too. At the subsequent care department 2A, B of the hospital with the join-stock company organization the aids are fully paid by the hospital. There is available a sufficient assortment and quantity of absorb and hygienic aids, which enable an individual attitude.

This thesis focuses on the fluid replacement therapies and the use of blood products in intensive care which is part of the daily routine for the mutidisciplinary team on intensive care including the intensive care nursing staff. These therapies span wide array of functions, including but not limited to fluid status management, electrolyte replacement and optimisation, therapeutic purposes and the delivery of nutritional requirements. The administration of blood products is vital in modern day medicine, partyicularly in the intensive care setting, and although there has been significant improvements in the standard of safety it is not completely without risk. The role of the intensive care nurse is vital not only in the preparation and administraton of blood products but also to watch for potential complications and side effects that may arise. They are also responsible for meticulous care of venous access ports as these are frequently used in the intensive care setting and must be well looked after to ensure patency and to prevent infection. This thesis is divided into parts in an attempt to cover the main issues surrounding fluid managemnet and the administration of blood products. The first part aims to summarise the relevant physiology underlying fluid balance, transfusion medicine and homeostasis. Next, based on reviewing the current literature, we aim to describe the current terminology approaches to fluid management and summarise the most commonly used products. The following sections are written with a focus on nursing care the tasks involved and their responsibilities and an overview of the possible complications that may arise with fluid replacement strategies. The important aspects of transfusion medicine are described by first defining the available blood products commonly used on intensive care followed by the basic principles underpinning the indications for their usage. We go on further to highlight the possible complications of these respective therapies and what nursing staff should be vigilant for when involved in the care of patients receiving blood products. We also address the role of the nurse in the care of the patient in hypovolemic shock. This encompasses the principles and therapies previously described in an acute setting. We describe the principles of management of such patients together with the clinical implications and practical considerations that need to be taken into account. We also focus on the particular responsibilities of the nurse in the care of such patients on intensive care. At the end of this thesis we summarised the safe concept of intravenous therapy. The second aim of this paper was based on the literature search to summarise and compare modern trends in fluid management.

This survey assignment is orientated towards subjects closely linked to each other to establish how NHS nurses in the Czech Republic perceive ethnic minorities. What are the opinions on tuition of multicultural nursing and if there are any differences between university and college educated nurses? It was established that the better-educated influences viewed an importance in multicultural nursing. The next aim of this research was to monitor knowledge of nurses working in areas of multicultural nursing and how they prepare to meet their clients. Also if introduction of carer models is needed in preparation. Multicultural education has already been introduced in colleges, but is lacking evidence how effective this is in practice. Even though nurses are dissatisfied with the obligatory lifelong education (mainly because it is an involuntary system), this is still a necessary way to complete their training, especially the older nurses. The last phase of study was investigating the knowledge of nurses caring for clients from China and their awareness of the Chinese culture. Again, the differences between university and college educated nurses was evaluated. The second hypothesis determined that the level of education did not play a role in this survey, the nurses had no particular knowledge of Chinese clients or any special care that would be needed. Collecting of all information was carried out by the usual method of survey forms. Rating the statistically important results was achieved by using the ``Pearsons {$\omega$}- square test{\crqq}. This is a method of maximum credibility and a ``Fishers exact test{\crqq}. The statistic analyses proved that the first hypothesis did not confirm the second hypothesis. This survey assignment showed the importance of introducing multicultural education at college level and no later, And also the importance of stimulating students in taking more interest in other cultures. My work on this subject revealed that there is no awareness of specific care required when dealing with Chinese clients, hypothetically because of the lack of exact and scientific literature of this minority living in Czech Republic.

Abstract Ensuring of Respite Care Services in the Česká Lípa Region after Releasing of Patients from Hospital The goal of this thesis is to map the scope, the quality and further relationships of respite care in the Česká Lípa region in case of patients released from hospitals for whom a respite care is indicated, to find shortcomings of the systém and to propose optimal solutions of problems. There were two hypotheses set: H1: Sufficient respite care services are not provided to clients at weekends, H2: Consecutive respite care is not duly indicated by physicians to all clients released from hospitals who need it. The theoretical part of the thesis describes characteristics of respite care, its meaning and the process of ins development. The research was carried out trough the questioning method, using questionnaires and anasysis of documents. The other part of the thesis presents the results of performed quantitative research. These results were acquired by means of evaluation of questionnaires. The anasysis of acquired data confirmed both the supposed hypotheses. The discussion elucidates some problems related to the given theme and the conclusion of the thesis recommends some measures to improve the quality and continuity of providing the respite care services in the Česká Lípa region. The results of the thesis may inspire the existing as well as newly established respite care agencies to increase the quality of respite care.

The current increasing number of people with psychiatric disorders is followed not only economic but also social consequences. There are still prejudices against the mentally ill in our society, they are considered to be incompetent, sometimes dangerous, and thus discrimination and stigmatization of the mentally ill occur. Stigmatization can be prevented by awareness and health education provided to both the general public and medical staff coming into contact with the mentally ill. Health and social workers should be familiar with not only basic manifestations of mental disorders, but also basic principles of treatment and communication with clients with specific mental illnesses, since it is the only way how to achieve good cooperation and create a climate of trust. The aim of this thesis is to get to know the approach of health and social workers to clients with psychiatric disorders. The thesis is supposed to show how health and social workers regard the patients with mental illnesses, if they can recognize symptoms of mental disorders and if they know principles of the right approach to the mentally ill. To get the results, 25 interviews with health and social workers who do not specialize in treating the mentally ill were carried out. The research results show that health and social workers can define what all the term mental illness may involve, they are familiar with the issue of stigmatization and know the main symptoms of specific mental disorders and basic principles of approach to clients. Based on the research outcomes, two hypotheses can be stated: 1. Health and social workers respect the clients with mental illnesses and treat them with regard to symptoms of their illness. 2. Health and social workers are familiar with the specifics and particularities of the approach to clients with specific mental illnesses. The thesis will be used as feedback for health professionals.