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With the implementation of No Child Left Behind legislation and a push for reform curricula, prospective teachers must be prepared to facilitate learning at a conceptual level. To address these concerns, an exploratory mixed methods investigation of twenty-eight prospective middle grades teachers’ mathematics knowledge for teaching geometry and mathematical connection-making was conducted at a large public southeastern university. Participants completed a diagnostic assessment in mathematics with a focus on geometry and measurement (CRMSTD, 2007), a mathematical connections evaluation, and a card sort activity. Mixed methods data analysis revealed prospective middle grades teachers’ mathematics knowledge for teaching geometry was underdeveloped and the mathematical connections made by prospective middle grades teachers were more procedural than conceptual in nature.

South African learners underachieve in mathematics. The many different factors that influence this underachievement include mathematics teachers' role in teaching mathematics with understanding. The question arises as to how teachers' mathematical content knowledge states can be transformed to positively impact learners' achievement in mathematics. In this study, different kinds of teachers' knowledge needed for teaching mathematics were discussed against the background of research in this area, which included the work of Shulman, Ma and Ball. From this study an important kind of knowledge, namely mathematical content knowledge for teaching (MCKfT), was identified and a teacher's ability to unpack mathematical knowledge and understanding was highlighted as a vital characteristic of MCKfT. To determine further characteristics of MCKfT, the study focussed on the nature of mathematics, different kinds of mathematical content knowledge (procedural and conceptual), cognitive processes (problem solving, reasoning, communication, connections and representations) involved in doing mathematics and the development of mathematical understanding (instrumental vs. relational understanding). The influence of understanding different problem contexts and teachers' ability to develop reflective practices in teaching and learning mathematics were discussed and connected to a teacher's ability to unpack mathematical knowledge and understanding. In this regard, the role of teachers' prior knowledge or current mathematical content knowledge states was discussed extensively. These theoretical investigations led to identifying the characteristics of MCKfT, which in turn resulted in theoretical criteria for the development of MCKfT. The theoretical study provided criteria with which teachers' current mathematical content knowledge states could be analysed. This prompted the development of a diagnostic instrument consisting of questions on proportional reasoning and functions. A qualitative study was undertaken in the form of a diagnostic content analysis on teachers' current mathematical content knowledge states. A group of secondary school mathematics teachers (N=128) involved in the Sediba Project formed the study population. The Sediba Project is an in-service teacher training program for mathematics teachers over a period of two years. These teachers were divided into three sub-groups according to the number of years they had been involved in the Sediba Project at that stage. The teachers' current mathematical content knowledge states were analysed with respect to the theoretically determined characteristics of and criteria for the development of MCKfT. These criteria led to a theoretical framework for assessing teachers' current mathematical content knowledge states. The first four attributes consisted of the steps involved in mathematical problem solving skills, namely conceptual knowledge (which implies a deep understanding of the problem), procedural knowledge (which is reflected in the correct choice of a procedure), the ability to correctly execute the procedure and the insight to give a valid interpretation of the answer. Attribute five constituted the completion of these four attributes. The final six attributes were an understanding of different representations, communication of understanding in writing, reasoning skills, recognition of connections among different mathematical ideas, the ability to unpack mathematical understanding and understanding the context a problem is set in. Quantitative analyses were done on the obtained results for the diagnostic content analysis to determine the reliability of the constructed diagnostic instrument and to search for statistically significant differences among the responses of the different sub-groups. Results seemed to indicate that those teachers involved in the Sediba Project for one or two years had benefited from the in-service teacher training program. However, the impact of this teachers' training program was clearly influenced by the teachers' prior knowledge of mathematics. It became clear that conceptual understanding of foundation, intermediate and senior phase school mathematics that should form a sound mathematical knowledge base for more advanced topics in the school curriculum, is for the most part procedurally based with little or no conceptual understanding. The conclusion was that these teachers' current mathematical content knowledge states did not correspond to the characteristics of MCKfT and therefore displayed a need for the development of teachers' current mathematical content knowledge states according to the proposed criteria and model for the development of MCKfT. The recommendations were based on the fact that the training that these teachers had been receiving with respect to the development of MCKfT is inadequate to prepare them to teach mathematics with understanding. Teachers' prior knowledge should be exposed so that training can focus on the transformation of current mathematical content knowledge states according to the characteristics of MCKfT. A model for the development of MCKfT was proposed. The innermost idea behind this model is that a habit of reflective practices should be developed with respect to the characteristics of MCKfT to enable a mathematics teacher to communicate and unpack mathematical knowledge and understanding and consequently solve mathematical problems and teach mathematics with understanding. Key words for indexing: school mathematics, teacher knowledge, mathematical content knowledge, mathematical content knowledge for teaching, mathematical knowledge acquisition, mathematics teacher education / Thesis (Ph.D. (Education))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2007.

This thesis presents an investigation into the pedagogical content knowing (PCKg) of Dutch experienced specialist preschool music teachers with regard to teaching and learning rhythm skills viewed from an embodied cognition perspective. An embodied cognition perspective stresses the intimate relationship between body, mind and environment. In a multiple case study the research methods - stimulated recall interviews, gesture analysis tasks, physical action analysis tasks, notebooks and semi-structured interviews - were used to elicit the PCKg of six specialist preschool music teachers regarding rhythm skills. The data of these different methods were inductively analysed but sensitising concepts derived from the literature review on PCKg were also used in the analysis. Furthermore, the data were triangulated to gain a comprehensive understanding of the participants' PCKg. As for the nature of the specialist preschool music teachers' PCKg regarding rhythm skills the findings illustrated that PCKg is distributed over language, sound, gestures, body positioning and physical actions. Respecting the content of PCKg a new form of (non-verbal) knowledge was explored: 'musical communication and musical interaction' that facilitates the learning of rhythm skills of preschoolers. The study is first of all significant for offering a new perspective on the nature of the specialist preschool music teachers' PCKg: a multimodal and dynamic way of knowing that emerges from the interrelated role between the social, cultural and physical classroom environment, the teaching task and the teacher's body. Beyond the classroom, these teachers' bodies form a source for recalling, re-enacting and eliciting classroom experiences to develop and communicate their PCKg. Secondly, it offers a new perspective on the content of the specialist preschool music teachers' PCKg: these teachers' bodies take on different roles to mediate the preschoolers' learning process regarding rhythm skills. These findings have implications for further research, teacher education, practice and policy.

Thesis advisor: Lillie Richardson Albert / The purpose of this research is to identify the categories of South Korean elementary teachers' knowledge for teaching mathematics. Operating under the assumption that elementary teachers' knowledge for teaching affects students' learning, eleven South Korean elementary teachers volunteered to participate in this study. Emerging from the data collected and the subsequent analysis are five categories of South Korean elementary teachers' knowledge for teaching mathematics: Mathematics Curriculum Knowledge, Mathematics Learner Knowledge, Fundamental Mathematics Conceptual Knowledge, Mathematics Pedagogical Content Knowledge, and Mathematics Pedagogical Procedural Knowledge. The first three categories of knowledge play a significant role in mathematics instruction as an integrated form within Mathematics Pedagogical Content Knowledge. A notable conclusion of this study is that Pedagogical Content Knowledge might not be the sum of the other categories of knowledge for teaching mathematics. These findings may be connected to results from relevant studies in terms of the significant role of teachers' knowledge in their mathematics instruction. This study contributes to the existing literature in that it provides empirical bases for understanding teachers' knowledge for teaching mathematics and reveals the relationship among categories of knowledge for teaching mathematics. / Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2014. / Submitted to: Boston College. Lynch School of Education. / Discipline: Teacher Education, Special Education, Curriculum and Instruction.

Esta pesquisa apresenta o tema da formação de professores para atuar no ensino superior. Estudos apontam que o professor universitário no Brasil não tem recebido a devida formação para a docência pelas universidades ficando sua ação aquém da complexidade exigida para o ensino na Educação Superior. Na Universidade de São Paulo, a formação para a docência ocorre pela via do Programa de Aperfeiçoamento de Ensino (PAE-USP), no qual os pós-graduandos cumprem duas etapas: a preparação pedagógica e o estágio supervisionado em docência. O objetivo deste trabalho é investigar o Programa de Aperfeiçoamento do Ensino da Universidade de São Paulo como espaço institucional de formação de professores para o ensino superior, a partir da perspectiva dos seus egressos, que hoje atuam como docentes em instituições de ensino superior públicas brasileiras. O referencial teórico tem como base estudos sobre a universidade contemporânea, o cenário atual da formação de professores universitários, a docência universitária na perspectiva da complexidade, dos saberes da docência e do desenvolvimento profissional docente. A metodologia utilizada é de abordagem qualitativa, sendo utilizados como instrumentos de coleta de dados questionários e entrevistas semiestruturadas. Participaram da pesquisa 14 docentes de IES públicas brasileiras, que realizaram o Programa PAE na Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto da USP entre 2005 e 2013. A análise dos dados foi realizada por meio da Análise de Conteúdo Análise Temática, utilizando-se de duas categorias criadas a priori: saberes da docência e desenvolvimento profissional. Os resultados apontam que o Programa PAE, na perspectiva dos seus participantes, possui mais significado na medida em que o estagiário tem maior contato com a prática docente. Os participantes reiteram a importância de espaços e programas para a formação docente para o Ensino Superior, inicial e continuada. / This research presents the theme of teacher training to work in higher education. Studies point out that the university professor in Brazil has not received the necessary training for teaching by the universities and their action falls short of the complexity required for teaching in Higher Education. At the University of São Paulo, training for teaching takes place through the Program for the Improvement of Teaching (PAE-USP), in which postgraduates fulfill two complementary stages: pedagogical preparation and supervised teaching. The objective of this work is to investigate the Program for the Improvement of Teaching at the University of São Paulo as an institutional space for teacher education for higher education, from the perspective of its alumni, who now act as teachers in Brazilian public higher education institutions. The theoretical framework is based on studies on the contemporary university, the current scenario of university teacher training, university teaching in the perspective of complexity, teaching knowledge and professional teacher development. The methodology used is a qualitative approach, being used as instruments of data collection questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. A total of 14 subjects, teachers of Brazilian public HEIs, who participated in the PAE Program at the Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, USP, between 2005 and 2013, participated in the study. Data analysis was performed through Content Analysis - Thematic Analysis, Two categories created a priori. The results indicate that the PAE Program, from the perspective of its participants, has more meaning in that the trainee has more contact with the teaching practice. The participants reiterate the importance of spaces and programs for teacher education for Higher Education.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-21T20:31:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Fabiana Leifeld.pdf: 1704367 bytes, checksum: 7206d7642313194e6c130c0352117d6d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-21 / This work has as object of study the knowledge and teaching skills of Physical Education teachers to thematize the sport in Physical Education from the final years of elementary school. The research is characterized as qualitative. The central question of research that seeks to answer is: What are the knowledge and teaching skills of Physical Education teachers to thematize the sport in Physical Education from the final years of elementary school? The research objectives are: a) Identify the knowledge and teaching skills of Physical Education teachers to thematize the sport in Physical Education from the final years of primary education; b) To analyze the knowledge and teaching skills used by the teacher to thematize the sport in Physical Education from the final years of primary education c) Check the origin of students' knowledge about the sport. The theoretical basis of the research was substantiated by related studies: the school sports (BRACHT, 2005; KUNZ, 2000a, 2000b; BETTI, 1995, 1999, 2009; FREIRE, 1989; COLETIVO DE AUTORES, 1992; NEIRA, 2009, 2014); the concepts related to sports as a phenomenon sociocultural (TUBINO, 2006, 2010); issues related to pedagogy of school sport (REVERDITO; SCAGLIA, 2009; PAES; BALBINO, 2014; SADI, 2010; TANI; BENTO; PETERSEN, 2006); the teacher knowledge and teaching knowledge (TARDIF, 2009, 2014; GAUTHIER et al., 2006 SHULMAN, 2005; BORGES, 2004); the assumptions on Brazilian education (SAVIANI, 2008); and the concepts of habitus and field (BOURDIEU, 1983a, 1983b, 2013; NOGUEIRA, NOGUEIRA, 2009). The methodological routing work was foundation studies Flick (2004), Sampieri et al. (2013), Gil (2008) and Bardin (2011). The survey was conducted in three (3) schools from public schools in the city of Carambeí/PR, with the subject three (3) Physical Education teachers, sixty-eight (68) students from 8 years and seventy-two (72) students in the 9th grade of elementary school, totaling one hundred forty-three (143) subjects participating of the research. As research instruments the research were used observation, interview and questionnaire. The survey data were organized and analyzed in accordance with the assumptions of Content Analysis (BARDIN, 2011). The survey results indicate that the Physical Education teacher has knowledge and expertise in the area, which are made throughout his career as well as his subjectivity, both of which contribute to the theming of the sport in Physical Education classes the final years of elementary school. / Este trabalho tem como objeto de estudo os saberes e conhecimentos docentes dos professores de Educação Física para tematizar o esporte nas aulas de Educação Física dos anos finais do ensino fundamental. A pesquisa caracteriza-se como qualitativa. A questão central da pesquisa que se busca responder é: Quais são os saberes e conhecimentos docentes dos professores de Educação Física para tematizar o esporte nas aulas de Educação Física dos anos finais do ensino fundamental? Os objetivos da pesquisa são: a) Identificar os saberes e conhecimentos docentes dos professores de Educação Física para tematizar o esporte nas aulas de Educação Física dos anos finais do ensino fundamental; b) Analisar os saberes e conhecimentos docentes utilizados pelo professor para tematizar o esporte nas aulas de Educação Física dos anos finais do ensino fundamental c) Verificar a origem dos conhecimentos dos alunos sobre o esporte. A fundamentação teórica da pesquisa foi consubstanciada por estudos referentes: ao esporte escolar (BRACHT, 2005; KUNZ, 2000a, 2000b; BETTI, 1995, 1999, 2009; FREIRE, 1989; COLETIVO DE AUTORES, 1992; NEIRA, 2009, 2014); aos conceitos relacionados ao esporte enquanto fenômeno sócio cultural (TUBINO, 2006, 2010); as questões relacionadas à pedagogia do esporte escolar (REVERDITO; SCAGLIA, 2009; PAES; BALBINO, 2014; SADI, 2010; TANI; BENTO; PETERSEN, 2006); aos saberes docentes e conhecimentos docentes (TARDIF, 2009, 2014; GAUTHIER et al., 2006, SHULMAN, 2005; BORGES, 2004); aos pressupostos sobre a educação brasileira (SAVIANI, 2008); e aos conceitos de habitus e campo (BOURDIEU, 1983a, 1983b, 2013; NOGUEIRA; NOGUEIRA, 2009). O encaminhamento metodológico do trabalho teve como fundamentação os estudos de Flick (2004), Sampieri et al. (2013), Gil (2008) e Bardin (2011). A pesquisa foi realizada em três (3) escolas da rede pública estadual de ensino da cidade de Carambeí/PR, tendo como sujeitos três (3) professores de Educação Física, sessenta e oito (68) alunos dos 8º anos e setenta e dois (72) alunos dos 9º anos do ensino fundamental, totalizando cento e quarenta e três (143) sujeitos participantes da pesquisa. Como instrumentos da pesquisa foram utilizados a observação, a entrevista e o questionário. Os dados da pesquisa foram sistematizados e analisados de acordo com os pressupostos da Análise de Conteúdo (BARDIN, 2011). Os resultados da pesquisa indicam que o professor de Educação Física possui saberes e conhecimentos específicos da área, os quais são constituídos ao longo da sua trajetória profissional, bem como de sua subjetividade, sendo que ambos contribuem para a tematização do esporte nas aulas de Educação Física dos anos finais do ensino fundamental.

Esta pesquisa apresenta o tema da formação de professores para atuar no ensino superior. Estudos apontam que o professor universitário no Brasil não tem recebido a devida formação para a docência pelas universidades ficando sua ação aquém da complexidade exigida para o ensino na Educação Superior. Na Universidade de São Paulo, a formação para a docência ocorre pela via do Programa de Aperfeiçoamento de Ensino (PAE-USP), no qual os pós-graduandos cumprem duas etapas: a preparação pedagógica e o estágio supervisionado em docência. O objetivo deste trabalho é investigar o Programa de Aperfeiçoamento do Ensino da Universidade de São Paulo como espaço institucional de formação de professores para o ensino superior, a partir da perspectiva dos seus egressos, que hoje atuam como docentes em instituições de ensino superior públicas brasileiras. O referencial teórico tem como base estudos sobre a universidade contemporânea, o cenário atual da formação de professores universitários, a docência universitária na perspectiva da complexidade, dos saberes da docência e do desenvolvimento profissional docente. A metodologia utilizada é de abordagem qualitativa, sendo utilizados como instrumentos de coleta de dados questionários e entrevistas semiestruturadas. Participaram da pesquisa 14 docentes de IES públicas brasileiras, que realizaram o Programa PAE na Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto da USP entre 2005 e 2013. A análise dos dados foi realizada por meio da Análise de Conteúdo Análise Temática, utilizando-se de duas categorias criadas a priori: saberes da docência e desenvolvimento profissional. Os resultados apontam que o Programa PAE, na perspectiva dos seus participantes, possui mais significado na medida em que o estagiário tem maior contato com a prática docente. Os participantes reiteram a importância de espaços e programas para a formação docente para o Ensino Superior, inicial e continuada. / This research presents the theme of teacher training to work in higher education. Studies point out that the university professor in Brazil has not received the necessary training for teaching by the universities and their action falls short of the complexity required for teaching in Higher Education. At the University of São Paulo, training for teaching takes place through the Program for the Improvement of Teaching (PAE-USP), in which postgraduates fulfill two complementary stages: pedagogical preparation and supervised teaching. The objective of this work is to investigate the Program for the Improvement of Teaching at the University of São Paulo as an institutional space for teacher education for higher education, from the perspective of its alumni, who now act as teachers in Brazilian public higher education institutions. The theoretical framework is based on studies on the contemporary university, the current scenario of university teacher training, university teaching in the perspective of complexity, teaching knowledge and professional teacher development. The methodology used is a qualitative approach, being used as instruments of data collection questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. A total of 14 subjects, teachers of Brazilian public HEIs, who participated in the PAE Program at the Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, USP, between 2005 and 2013, participated in the study. Data analysis was performed through Content Analysis - Thematic Analysis, Two categories created a priori. The results indicate that the PAE Program, from the perspective of its participants, has more meaning in that the trainee has more contact with the teaching practice. The participants reiterate the importance of spaces and programs for teacher education for Higher Education.

<p>This study investigated the effect of an Argumentation Instructional Model (AIM) on the preservice teachers&lsquo / ability to implement a Science-IK Curriculum in selected South African schools. I examined what instructional practices the pre-service teachers engage in when they introduce scientific explanation and whether those practices influence learners&lsquo / ability to construct scientific explanations during a natural science unit of a South African school curriculum. My study began with a pilot study of 16 pre-service science teachers who completed a B.Ed university module, Science for Teaching, which included an IK component. Data collection for main study took place from 2010 to 2011, and used questionnaires, face-to-face and reflective interview protocols, case studies, lesson plans and classroom observation schedules. I took videos and audios of each of the pre-service teacher&lsquo / s enactment of the focal lesson on argumentation and then coded the videotape for different instructional practices. The study investigated firstly, what currently informed teachers&lsquo / thinking, knowledge and action of IK. Secondly, the research questioned how teachers interpreted and implemented IK in the science classroom. A sample of the three pre-service teachers were followed into their classrooms to investigate how they specifically implemented Learning Outcome Three using argumentation instruction as a mode of instruction and what approaches relevant to the inclusion of IK were developed. The study found that the three pre-service teachers used three very different approaches through which IK was brought in the science curriculum. An assimilationist approach, that brings IK into science by seeking how best IK fits into science. A segregationist approach that holds IK side-by-side with scientific knowledge. Lastly, an integrationist approach makes connections between IK and science. The approaches developed by the pre-service teachers were found to be informed by their biographies, values, cultural backgrounds and worldviews. Meticulously, the study explored how shifts were being made from a theoretical phase at the university where the pre-service teachers engaged IK to an actual phase of implementation in their school science classrooms. Finally, I attempted to explain why the pre-service teachers interpreted and implemented IK in the way they did.</p>

<p>This study investigated the effect of an Argumentation Instructional Model (AIM) on the preservice teachers&lsquo / ability to implement a Science-IK Curriculum in selected South African schools. I examined what instructional practices the pre-service teachers engage in when they introduce scientific explanation and whether those practices influence learners&lsquo / ability to construct scientific explanations during a natural science unit of a South African school curriculum. My study began with a pilot study of 16 pre-service science teachers who completed a B.Ed university module, Science for Teaching, which included an IK component. Data collection for main study took place from 2010 to 2011, and used questionnaires, face-to-face and reflective interview protocols, case studies, lesson plans and classroom observation schedules. I took videos and audios of each of the pre-service teacher&lsquo / s enactment of the focal lesson on argumentation and then coded the videotape for different instructional practices. The study investigated firstly, what currently informed teachers&lsquo / thinking, knowledge and action of IK. Secondly, the research questioned how teachers interpreted and implemented IK in the science classroom. A sample of the three pre-service teachers were followed into their classrooms to investigate how they specifically implemented Learning Outcome Three using argumentation instruction as a mode of instruction and what approaches relevant to the inclusion of IK were developed. The study found that the three pre-service teachers used three very different approaches through which IK was brought in the science curriculum. An assimilationist approach, that brings IK into science by seeking how best IK fits into science. A segregationist approach that holds IK side-by-side with scientific knowledge. Lastly, an integrationist approach makes connections between IK and science. The approaches developed by the pre-service teachers were found to be informed by their biographies, values, cultural backgrounds and worldviews. Meticulously, the study explored how shifts were being made from a theoretical phase at the university where the pre-service teachers engaged IK to an actual phase of implementation in their school science classrooms. Finally, I attempted to explain why the pre-service teachers interpreted and implemented IK in the way they did.</p>