Submitted by Sandra Pereira (srpereira@ufrrj.br) on 2016-09-27T17:19:20Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2011 - Ursula Brazil Rocha.pdf: 1722733 bytes, checksum: 768336c79a95bc3e4ae3515b2283d559 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-27T17:19:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2011 - Ursula Brazil Rocha.pdf: 1722733 bytes, checksum: 768336c79a95bc3e4ae3515b2283d559 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-08-29 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / The epiphyte richness contributes significantly for the total biomass, species diversity and nutrient cycling in the Atlantic Forest. They grant structural complexity for the environment and contribute for the maintenance of various animal and plant species. Moreover, researches indicate that the epiphyte species are highly vulnerable to deforestation, being a biological indicator. The present study highlights the importance on identification and estimate of vascular epiphytes, species of extreme relevance for the evaluation on ecosystem functions and subsequent comprehension on the richness patterns with reference to environmental gradients. Epiphyte records from Araceae family in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, among five herbaria were raised and evaluated concerning its composition, altitudinal distribution patterns and also the state of knowledge of the family and its epiphytes throughout Rio de Janeiro. Fifty eight epiphyte species were listed for the state of Rio de Janeiro. Among the studied herbaria, the majority of the records of epiphyte individuals were found at RB (70,68%), followed by GUA (12,95%), RUSU (8,33%), R (5,21%) e HB (2,83%). However, the lack of information about the habit, life-form, and altitudinal occurrence reduces the perception of the real state of occurrence of these species. From 2849 epiphyte exsiccates of Araceae family, the biggest frequency (53,24%) occurs in the Metropolitan Region. The majority of the epiphytes (10,5%) was found between 0 and 200 m.s.l. and no record was found between 2001 and 2400 m.s.l., besides of having records to the family. / A riqueza de esp?cies de ep?fitas contribui significantemente para o total de biomassa, diversidade de esp?cies e ciclagem de nutrientes na Floresta Atl?ntica. Elas conferem complexidade estrutural ao ambiente e contribuem para a manuten??o de v?rias esp?cies vegetais e animais. Al?m disso, estudos indicam que as esp?cies ep?fitas s?o altamente vulner?veis ao desmatamento, constituindo um indicador biol?gico. O presente estudo ressalta a import?ncia da identifica??o e estimativa de ep?fitas vasculares, esp?cies altamente relevantes para a avalia??o das fun??es dos ecossistemas e para a posterior compreens?o do padr?o de riqueza de esp?cies em rela??o aos gradientes ambientais. S?o levantados os registros de esp?cies ep?fitas da fam?lia Araceae para o estado do Rio de Janeiro em v?rios herb?rios, avaliados a sua composi??o e padr?es de distribui??o em diferentes classes de altitude e indicado o estado do conhecimento da fam?lia e das formas ep?fitas em todo estado. Foram listadas 53 esp?cies ep?fitas para o estado do Rio de Janeiro. Dentre os herb?rios estudados, o maior n?mero de registros com a informa??o do h?bito epif?tico foi encontrado no RB (70,68%), seguido de GUA (12,95%), RUSU (8,33%), R (5,21%) e HB (2,83%). Por?m a falta de informa??es sobre o h?bito, forma de vida, altitude de ocorr?ncia reduz a percep??o da real distribui??o dessas esp?cies no estado. De 2849 exsicatas da fam?lia Araceae, apenas 672 (23,6%) est?o indicadas como ep?fitas. Entre as exsicatas de ep?fitas, a freq??ncia maior (53,24%) est? na Regi?o Metropolitana. A maioria das ep?fitas (10,5%) foi encontrada entre 0 e 200 m.s.m. e nenhum registro foi encontrado entre 2001 e 2400 m.s.m., apesar de haver registros para a fam?lia Araceae.

L'objectif de cette thèse est d'étudier les différents types de connaissances et de compétences impliquées dans l'expertise du vin. Ce travail s'appuyant sur le concept de vin de garde, nous avons dans un premier temps approfondi l'étude de ce concept et nous avons identifié des indices gustatifs (astringence et acidité) et olfactifs (notes boisé, brûlé, vanillé et pruneau) utilisés par les professionnels bourguignons du vin pour évaluer le potentiel de garde de vins rouges de Bourgogne. L’étude de l’expertise s’est articulée autour de deux études. Dans la première étude, nous avons testé si l’environnement dans lequel les professionnels exercent leur activité entraîne des différences au niveau de leurs compétences perceptives et de leurs connaissances relatives au vin de garde. Nous avons montré que des professionnels bourguignons et bordelais sont globalement en accord pour catégoriser des vins de Bourgogne et de Bordeaux en vin de garde et de non garde. Cependant, les professionnels d’une région semblent plus en accord pour juger qu’un vin de leur région est de garde comparativement aux vins de l’autre région. Ceci pourrait indiquer que la familiarité intervient dans les jugements du potentiel de garde. Dans la deuxième étude, nous avons examiné comment les compétences perceptives, les connaissances conceptuelles, le contenu lexical et le statut des connaissances s’articulent chez des professionnels du vin, des œnophiles, des consommateurs de vin et des panélistes entraînés à décrire des vins. Nous avons montré que ces différents aspects se manifestent de manière différentielle selon le type d’expertise : les œnophiles utilisent un discours conventionnel et normatif comme les professionnels, les panélistes utilisent un lexique proche des professionnels, mais les œnophiles comme les panélistes sont similaires aux consommateurs quand des compétences perceptives et des connaissances conceptuelles en référence au vin de garde sont nécessaires. Les professionnels et les œnophiles s’identifient comme appartenant à une communauté qui partagerait les mêmes connaissances et représentations. Leurs connaissances sont également plus certaines que celles des panélistes et des consommateurs. Une dimension intéressante pour l’étude de l’expertise semble émerger : le statut partagé et assuré des connaissances. / This work aimed to investigate different types of knowledge and skills involved in wine expertise. This work is based on the “vin de garde” concept, we first broadened the study of this concept, and we identified gustatory (astringency and acidity) and olfactory (woody, burnt, vanilla and prune notes) clues used by wine professionals from Bourgogne to judge the aging potential of red wines from Bourgogne. The expertise is investigated through two studies. In the first study, we examined if the environment in which professionals practise leads to specific perceptive skills and conceptual knowledge regarding wines with an aging potential. We showed that overall professionals from Bourgogne and Bordelais are in agreement to categorize wines from Bourgogne and Bordeaux in “vin de garde” and “vin de non garde”. However, their judgements regarding aging potential seem more consensual for wines from their own area compared to wines from the other area. This could indicate that familiarity is involved in aging potential judgments. In the second study, we examined how perceptive skills, conceptual knowledge, lexical content and knowledge status are combined for wine professionals, oenophiles, wine consumers, and panelists trained to describe wines. We showed that these different aspects are combined according to the type of expertise: oenophiles use a conventional and normative discourse like professionals, panelists use a lexicon similar to professionals, but oenophiles and panelists are similar to consumers when perceptive skills and conceptual knowledge in reference to wine with an aging potential are required. Professionals and oenophiles consider themselves as belonging to a community with shared knowledge and representations. Their knowledge is also more certain than that of panelists and consumers. An interesting aspect for the study of expertise emerges: the shared and sure status of knowledge.