Watershed planning and management relies on a diverse range of stakeholders. Collabora-tive planning can provide an opportunity for those stakeholders to equitably share their knowledge and learn from other participants, but such an outcome cannot be assumed. This re-search explores the potential for improved knowledge integration in watershed planning through research of a community-based watershed planning initiative in rural Saskatchewan, Canada. Us-ing semi-structured interviews and document review, this research identifies different knowledge types involved in watershed planning, explains how that knowledge is integrated through the planning process, and derives lessons for future watershed planning initiatives. Four general knowledge types identified in the analysis—bureaucratic, administrative, local, and scientific—were also evident in the literature. Specifically, this research affirms local knowledge characteris-tics—that it is spatially constrained, heterogeneous, generated through a relationship with place, and accrued over time—described in the literature. Results also reinforce claims that clearly de-fining boundaries between knowledge types is difficult and even undesirable. Differing from the descriptions in the literature of bureaucratic knowledge as including aspects of administrative knowledge, this research proposes that a greater delineation between the two is advantageous to ensure adequate knowledge is present to support the planning process. Two broad themes of how different types of knowledge influenced the planning initiative are presented: cooperation for long-term planning—highly influenced by administrative and bureaucratic knowledge; and set-ting and achieving goals—dominated by scientific knowledge as an ecological narrative through-out the process. These themes echo the collaborative planning literature on the importance of in-cluding as many knowledge types as possible throughout the process, while also revealing the necessity of ensuring that all participants are engaged in deliberations in order to contribute their knowledge. To meet this need, context-appropriate planning activities must be selected to sup-port collaborative planning; amendments to the planning process used in the community-based planning initiative are proposed to meet these needs.

To achieve the climate and environmental goals the Swedish government took actions to increase timber construction. One material that have been getting more and more popularity the past years is Cross-laminated timber. This is a study that investigates the implementation phase of the CLT framework. The study is also demarcated to knowledge types and competence. The method of obtaining information consists of 9 interviews that investigates 4 different projects that have used CLT framework. The result of the interviews have been put together into the result and then analyzed. The results have been compared with past studies from the Theoretical frame of reference, which is focused on knowledge and competence. The study is focused around 3 knowledge types which is domain specific knowledge, procedural knowledge and general knowledge. One of the problems that was recurring was the lack of piercings in the CLT elements. The entrepreneurs that had experience with CLT made their own piercings while the other entrepreneurs had bigger issues. To achieve the best implementation phase it is needed procedural and domain specific knowledge, if you don’t have that it is beneficial to hire a consultant who does.

This PhD thesis in Spatial Planning argues for the importance of understanding the approaches to knowledge and rationalities embedded in spatially relevant decision-making. It emphasises the significance of seeing law as an empirical object of study for planning and environmental management. The Swedish development of wind power and 3G mobile infrastructures are used as cases to study these issues of principal interest. It is a compilation thesis consisting of a comprehensive introductory framework and five articles or chapters that have also been published elsewhere. The study is based on three main perspectives: Level of decision-making, legitimacy of different forms of knowledge involved in the process, and the sociolegal tension between formal law and its practical consequences. The thesis deals with problems stemming from the multi-level tensions in the planning and implementation that exist between the national, the regional and the local authorities. The legal context is analysed from the sociolegal perspective, in particular how the juridification of siting and permit conflicts determines what type of knowledge that can legitimately affect the decision-making and thereby set conditions for public participation. Finally, the thesis elaborates on the largely counterproductive results of the strong emphasis on “efficiency” in the revision of planning and permit processes for wind power and 3G-infrastructure, and what can be learnt from the experiences of the attempts at increasing efficiency. A combination of methods has been employed in the studies, and the data comes from a range of sources such as a large set of mast building permits, a sample of wind permit cases, as well as appealed permit cases. In addition, interviews have been conducted with judges from relevant courts, including regional handling officers who assess wind turbine applications. Legal documents such as preparatory work and licence conditions have also been analysed. The results show that there is a legal-rhetorical adaptation to the expert-based decision-making in court when permits are appealed. Further, the administrative levels interact poorly in the overall implementation. The national decisions, irrespective of the normative viewpoint of who should control the landscape planning, could be better informed of the preconditions at a local level that factually define the outcome of the implementation. The author, Stefan Larsson, holds a PhD in Sociology of Law, an LLM and is a sociolegal researcher who generally studies issues in the intersection of conceptual, sociolegal and technological change. The thesis has been supervised by Professor Lars Emmelin, The Swedish School of Planning, BTH, and co-supervised by Professor Karsten Åström, the Department of Sociology of Law, Lund University. The thesis is the result of research within the programme Tools for environmental assessment in strategic decision-making, MiSt, funded by The Swedish Environmental Protection Agency and the Centre for Work, Technology and Social Change at Lund University. / <p>Full text available: http://lup.lub.lu.se/luur/download?func=downloadFile&amp;recordOId=4587806&amp;fileOId=4 588973</p>

Drawing on the study of knowledge and action as a reference, this thesis explores how practitioners in two different firms perform their practice, 'knowing' and 'acting' simultaneously. It argues that types of knowledge, activities, individuals and context are interwoven at the moment of acting. However, this relationship is not static. The empirical work in a local labour placement company and in a multinational consultancy firm shows that practitioners resort to a host of different expressions of knowledge (or bundle of knowledge) when acting. Therefore, the prevailing role of explicit knowledge and the need for being a precedent in order to be applied is called into question.The empirical work also reveals that the bundle of knowledge is not static. It evolves over time and at the same time the prevailing type of knowledge varies depending on the type of practice and the practitioner's level of expertise. Therefore, the results underscore the fact that the relationship between knowledge and action is more dynamic and that both interplay simultaneously. Finally, this research shows that formal company categorisations (senior/junior) describe different practices rather than correspond to differential stocks of formal knowledge. This means that even when experts and novices apparently seem to be doing the same job, their actions are different as they are constituted through different combinations of knowledge types and orders of relevance. These results seem to point toward the fact that the essence of expertise resides in the expert's ability to reframe. He is able to reconstruct practice, whether by reframing his tasks or the overarching context.

Seit einigen Jahren erlangt die Thematik &amp;quot;Wissen und Umgang mit Wissen in Organisationen&amp;quot; bzw. &amp;quot;Wissensmanagement&amp;quot; nicht nur in der Unternehmenspraxis, sondern auch in der Wissenschaft zunehmende Aufmerksamkeit. Wissenschaftler und Praktiker widmen sich verstärkt der Fragestellung, Wissen erfolgreich zu managen und betrachten Wissen als Quelle für nachhaltige Wettbewerbsvorteile. Hierfür bedarf es eines Umdenkens im Management dahingehend, den Umgang mit Wissen in den Vordergrund sämtlicher Aktivitäten zu stellen. Trotz der zahlreichen Publikationen zur Thematik ist bisher nur ein geringes Maß an Einheitlichkeit in den einschlägigen Begriffen und Theorien erreicht worden, das dem veränderten Stellenwert von Wissen umfassend gerecht würde. Die Vielzahl der Publikationen und deren Heterogenität lassen darauf deuten, daß es sich bei Wissen und dem Umgang mit Wissen um ein höchst komplexes Thema handelt. Zugleich zeigt sich, daß die Thematik keineswegs ausschließlich in das Forschungsgebiet der Betriebswirtschaftslehre fällt. Auch aus anderen Wissenschaftsdisziplinen liegt eine Vielzahl von Veröffentlichungen vor, so z.B. aus den Gebieten Epistemologie, Soziologie, Kognitionspsychologie, Kreativitätsforschung, Bibliotheks- und Informationswissenschaften, Informatik und Pädagogik. Dabei betrachten die verschiedenen Disziplinen jeweils spezifische Fragestellungen und diskutieren die Thematik aus verschiedenen Blickwinkeln, mit jeweils unterschiedlichen Erkenntniszielen und Methoden. Obgleich die vorhandene Literatur eine überaus heterogene Struktur aufweist und die meisten Beiträge eher explorativer Natur sind, scheint die Schlußfolgerung gerechtfertigt, Wissen und den Umgang mit Wissen als interdisziplinäres Forschungsgebiet anzusehen. Allerdings existiert bislang kein in sich geschlossener Ansatz, der die verschiedenen Stränge in einen einheitlichen Bezugsrahmen vereint. Jüngst sind aber erste Bemühungen erkennbar, um Forschungsansätze aus verschiedenen Wissenschaftsgebieten zu integrieren. Vor diesem Hintergrund besteht ein wesentliches Ziel dieser Dissertation, die vorhandene Literatur aufzuarbeiten und auszuwerten, um zugleich Ansatzpunkte für zukünftige Forschungsarbeiten zu identifizieren. Bei der Aufarbeitung der Literatur wird die Vielfältigkeit und Heterogenität der Publikationen berücksichtigt, um möglichst ein breites Spektrum abzudecken. Damit leistet die Arbeit einen Beitrag zur weiteren Integration interdisziplinärer Forschungsergebnisse auf dem Gebiet &amp;quot;Wissen und Umgang mit Wissen in Organisationen&amp;quot;. Als Anknüpfungspunkt wurde dabei die Wissensbasis einer Organisation gewählt, die in vielen Veröffentlichungen im Mittelpunkt steht. In der Arbeit werden unterschiedliche Möglichkeiten zur Systematisierung vorgestellt. Darauf aufbauend wird ein eigener Systematisierungsansatz entwickelt, der auf den Grundunterscheidungen nach Arten des Wissens (Wissensarten), Trägern des Wissens (Wissensträgern) und Prozessen des Umgangs mit Wissen (Wissensprozessen) basiert. Die Tragfähigkeit des Ansatzes soll dadurch überprüft werden, inwieweit eine solche Unterscheidung in vorhandenen Konzepten zum Wissensmanagement enthalten ist. Da die Wissensbasis in einem unmittelbaren Zusammenhang mit den Wertschöpfungsprozessen des Unternehmen steht, besteht zudem die Möglichkeit, den Systematisierungsansatz mit verschiedenen Managementebenen im Sinne einer Rahmenkonzeption für eine wissensorientierte Unternehmensführung zu verknüpfen. Ein solches Rahmenkonzept erlaubt es, Gestaltungsempfehlungen für ein Management des Wissens von und in Organisationen abzuleiten.