Industries have faced challenges trying to lower carbon emissions and reach climate goals solely with energy efficiency and renewable energy sources but there are still some emissions that will not be mitigated by this. The purpose of this work has been to evaluate bio-energy with carbon capture and storage with co-combustion in a current study as a way to breach the gap and achieve net zero emissions on AstraZenecas production site Snäckviken. A carbon audit based on GHG Protocol has been performed to evaluate the total emissions at the site. Energy calculations were performed based on the possibilities of co-combustion with waste solvent and biofuel to produce process steam. With the flue gas characteristics for the combustion, calculations for a post combustion carbon capture plant using MEA solvent was made. An economic evaluation has been performed based on a reference plant and carbon captured for the current study. The results showed that the carbon capture lowered the emissions for the production site from 1 020 tons CO2 per year to - 2 400 tons CO2 at a cost of 1 360 SEK/tons CO2. The CO2 avoidance cost was high compared to other studies due to lower capacity. However, great savings could be m ade from handling the waste solvent on site instead of paying for the destruction of the waste. Therefore, a carbon capture plant could still be feasible for the current study.

Introduktion (och mål) – Parisavtalet är en överenskommelse där länder såsom Sverige enats om målet att hålla den globala temperaturökningen under 2 °C och sträva mot att begränsa den till 1,5 °C. För att nå detta mål måste växthusgasutsläppen halveras till 2030 jämfört med 2019. Bygg- och fastighetssektorn står för 22 % av Sveriges totala utsläpp av växthusgaser och genomtänkta materialval är en potentiell åtgärd för att minska dessa utsläpp. Ett material med goda klimategenskaper är en cellulosabaserad isolering såsom hampafiberisolering, Målet med studien var att undersöka om hampafiberisolering kan bli ett etablerat isoleringsmaterial i sandwichpaneler avsedda för lager- och logistikhallar. Metod – Metoden för studien var en fallstudie då fokus låg på en specifik analysenhet. Datainsamlingen skedde genom triangulering där intervjuer och dokumentstudie användes som insamlingstekniker. Sju intervjuer genomfördes med personer representerade av företag i form av fastighetsinvesterare, tillverkare av sandwichpaneler, tillverkare av hampafiberisolering och byggföretag. Utifrån det som framgick i intervjuerna skedde en tematisk analys. Därefter granskades aktuella dokument deduktivt utifrån respondentsvar för att utmana eller styrka dessa teman. Resultat – I studien framgick att det krävs att flera aspekter behöver uppnås för att hampafiberisolering ska kunna användas i sandwichpaneler. Detta var aspekter gällande funktionen på panelen, övriga aspekter och miljöaspekter. Den största fördelen med hampafiberisolering är dess klimatpositiva egenskaper och detta var också anledningen till att isoleringen använts av respondenterna i studien. De nackdelar som framgick i studien var priset, ovana, få referensobjekt och ovissheten gällande fukt. Det framgick att oskadad hampafiberisolering kan återanvändas efter en väggelements livstid genom att den kan användas i sin helhet eller blandas ut till ny isolering. Det finns även möjlighet att skapa biokol av isoleringen med hjälp av förbränningsugnar. Analys – Utgångspunkten för analysen var empirin från intervjuerna, vilket lade grund för en riktad innehållsanalys i aktuella dokument. I analysen sammanfattades och jämfördes empirin från dokumenten med intervjuerna för att styrka och utmana det som framkommit. Det framgick att en del faktorer gick att styrka som krav alternativt trovärdiga konklusioner från respondenter. Andra aspekter gick inte styrka i dokument. Diskussion – Resultatet från intervjuerna och dokumentstudien i studien visar ett stort fokus på miljö. Då datainsamlingen var utformad utifrån frågeställningar hölls studien aktuell till undersökningsområdet. Ett genomtänkt respondenturval bidrog till hög reliabilitet vid datainsamlingen. / Introduction (and aim) – The Paris Agreement is an agreement where countries such as Sweden have agreed on the goal of keeping the global temperature increase below 2°C and striving to limit it to 1.5°C. To achieve this goal, greenhouse gas emissions must be halved by 2030 compared to 2019. The construction and real estate sector accounts for 22% of Sweden's total greenhouse gas emissions, and a potential measure to reduce these emissions are well thought out material choices. A material with good climate properties is cellulose-based insulation such as hemp-fibre insulation. The aim of the study was to investigate whether hemp-fibre insulation can become an established insulation material in sandwich panels intended for warehouse- and logistics properties. Method – The method for the study was a case study as the focus was on a specific unit of analysis. Data collection was conducted through triangulation in which interviews and document studies were used as collection techniques. Seven interviews were conducted with individuals representing companies in the form of property investors, sandwich panel manufacturers, hemp-fibre insulation manufacturers, and construction companies. A thematic analysis was conducted based on the findings from the interviews. Subsequently, current documents were reviewed deductively based on respondents' answers to challenge or support these themes. Results – The study concluded that several aspects need to be achieved for hemp-fibre insulation to be used in sandwich panels. These were aspects concerning the function of the panel, other aspects, and environmental aspects. The biggest advantage of hemp-fibre insulation is its climate-positive attributes, which was also the reason the insulation was used by the respondents in the study. The disadvantages identified in the study were the price, unfamiliarity, few reference projects, and uncertainty regarding moisture. It was noted that undamaged hemp-fibre insulation can be reused after a wall element's lifetime, either in its entirety or mixed into new insulation. There is also the possibility of creating biochar from the insulation using an incinerator. Analysis – The basis for the analysis was the empirical data from the interviews, which formed the foundation for a directed content analysis in the current documents. In the analysis, the empirical data from the documents was summarized and compared with the interviews to support and challenge the findings. It was found that some factors could be supported as requirements or credible conclusions from respondents. Other aspects could not be supported in the documents. Discussion – The results from the interviews and the document study in the study show a strong focus on the environment. Since the data collection was designed based on the research questions, the study remained relevant to the research area. A well-considered selection of respondents contributed to high reliability in the data collection.