The thesis is focused on diagnosing selected pre-concepts (raw materials, plasticines, textile materials, energy, technology) within the pupils of the 4th and 5th class at a primary school and it is trying to propose a new teaching strategy of Practical skills so the teaching can get more effective. The theoretical part is focused on education, different types of learning methods, teacher{\crq}s role, pre-concept characteristics and diagnosis of those pre-concepts in the Framing educational program. In the practical part there are results of the research and its conclusions.

This thesis deals with biology and science pre-servis teachers´ availability to teach by using of the constructivistic approach, particularly the preconceptions. Data collecting was based on the questionnaires which were distributed through 160 informants from four university faculties educating teachers within January ? March 2010. The answers of the informants were categorized and assessed both qualitatively and quantitatively. It was found that most of informants didn't know the expressions ?constructivistic teaching?, ?constructivism? and ?preconceptions?. They either had never heard these terms or they simply hadn't remembered them. While the meaning of the expression ?constructivism? was estimated by almost one half of the informants, the meaning of the term ?preconceptions? was familiar for less than a quarter of the informants. By the given example of the topic ?photosynthesis? and ?digestion? in the form of model preconceptions we found that the informants´ level of professional knowledge is quite high and they are able to teach this topic.

Analysis of selected preconceptions in the technical education of primary school class 5's. The theoretical part is focused on the pupils' conception of schooling, constructivist didactics and its significance for education, the content of technical education in primary schools and methods of collecting and evaluating quantitative and qualitative diagnoses with a focus on the issue. 0 The practical part deals with detecting the level the surveyed respondents structualised the concepts in terms of teaching, in part at the level of affective perception and also in terms of cognitive perception. A cognitive questionnaire in the form of unfinished sentences, a scale questionnaire for the affective level of perception and cognitive maps were used. The research was done with the participation of students from the 5th grade elementary school classes at Suchdol nad Lužnicí, Horní Stropnice and Chlum u Třeboně, identified using the results of the research questionnaire. Results were obtained by processing the qualitative and quantitative points with regard to my future profession.

What exactly can we understand by "structural mathematics"? Mathematical structures was a concept which dominated images of mathematics of the twentieth century. It was followed by an effort to transpose the work of Nicolas Bourbaki and his contemporaries into high school education. Progress and results of so-called "modernization of school mathematics" were often received with criticism and hesitation. Using didactical-mathematical concepts of constructivism, languages of mathematics and their various representations and instrumental realism we analyze the principal reasons of that failure. Concurrently we show how it is possible to revive its teaching by broader conception of "structuring" in mathematics. So from mathematical structures we gradually pass to structural mathematics.

The aim of the thesis is to examine the aspects and benefits of neutrality for both Sweden and the international community, to look for the causes of its current changing and problematic situation and to identify the opportunities it still offers. The text therefore answers these research questions: What was the contribution of neutrality to Sweden's security policy in the 20th century? What was the contribution of Swedish neutrality to the international community in the 20th century? What has changed and how that, since the end of the Cold War, Swedish neutrality has been transformed? What opportunities does Swedish security policy offer today? In accordance with the aims and questions, the topic is elaborated as an historical interpretive (and explanatory) and literature-assessing dissertation. Its first part (chapter 1) is a conceptual analysis and a state of the art review of the wider context of the topic. The second part (chapters 2 and 3) is a qualitative single case study. As to theory, the thesis draws from liberalism, constructivism and the Copenhagen School of Security Studies. The changes in (international) security and Swedish security policy and neutrality are interpreted in the context of globalisation processes. The text identifies two notions of security - military and open/liberal, which it links to two dimensions of political neutrality - realistic and idealistic and, by applying them, answers the questions asked. It concludes that the Swedish security policy or neutrality has been and is primarily about finding effective and legitimate alternatives and ways to implement them in a transforming, complex and uncertain world.

This paper presents concept of identity in the theory of international relations. Impact of identity in China-US relations was analysed by way of the critical discourse analysis. The analysis was conducted on the basis of texts from American and Chinese media that covered a certain moment in connection with Taiwan and Chinese currency. After verification of criteria was proved that identity has a role in their mutual relation.

This Master thesis examines Czech literary fiction as a historical source, which can be used as a teaching instrument for understanding the normalisation era. In its theoretical part, the thesis summarizes contemporary Czech historical discourse about the normalisation era. It analyzes the influence of culture and memory on historical consciousness, and the goals and methods of contemporary history teaching. More specifically, it investigates how primary sources can be used in teaching and how cultural historical sources-and fiction literature in particular-can be analyzed. It utilizes constructivist teaching methods with the goal of achieving historical competence. It its practical part, the thesis describes five history lessons that apply findings from the theoretical part. In the lessons, pupils first have the opportunity to explore a wide range of sources, and consequently to research, analyze and interpret them. Later, they work with film excerpts, historical documents and literary fiction. In a final section, the thesis connects the theoretical and practical findings in a reflection of the history lessons.

The aim of this article is to present a learning theory (constructivist theory) that supports and explains a lot of the requested changes in entrepreneurship education. It also explains how entrepreneurs learn and serves as a basis for designing entrepreneurship programs. If we look at the ‘skills’ and competencies of entrepreneurs from a constructivist’s perspective we find most of them by observing children under the age of five or six: they are motivated to learn, they are interested in a variety of different topics, they ask excellent questions, they try many things to get insights, they are creative, they are impatient. In short, they create and govern their own learning process, which is open for any content, style, goal, experience, etc., and allows them to take every opportunity to answer the question in concern. In this sense it is similar to the entrepreneurial process where the entrepreneur tries everything and is ready to learn what is needed to be successful.

The dissertation called the Method of Integration of Valency Syntax into the Czech Language Teaching within Lower Secondary Education deals with the issue of valency syntax in relation to syntax teaching within lower secondary education. The main goal of the dissertation is to describe, specify and define the principles, which serve as the basis for the integration of the valency theory into the Czech language teaching within lower secondary education with regard to pupils' concepts of the structure of a Czech sentence. In its three main parts, the dissertation informs the reader about the development of the perception of the valency syntax as a scientific discipline in the Czech and foreign environment, as the didactic transformation of the curriculum must be always based on scientific theories and comply with them; the second part of the thesis analyses the didactically transformed curriculum of valency syntax in teaching materials intended for lower secondary education. On the basis of a practical quality research, the third part defines pupils' preconcepts related to the formal and semantic structure of a sentence. Among other things, the submitted dissertation points out to the necessity of monitoring the pupils' preconcepts in the Czech language teaching in order to ensure that the teaching is not...

In this thesis we will focus on the concept of the influence of mass media and the Internet on human society, due to the development of the media from the first half of the twentieth century to the present time. The aim of the thesis is to use this research method to introduce options, which media dispose in order to influence the public opinion, spread an ideology, construct a distorted reality and enforce specific interests through effective media and marketing communication. The thesis therefore works also with a concept of interpellation as it was understood by Louis Althusser, thus in a manner of interpellative action through which information produced by an ideology can penetrate individuals' consciousness. The thesis illustrates these aspects of media and marketing communication on a campaign from the political marketing field, specifically Karel Schwarzenberg's presidential campaign from 2013. For these purposes, the work traces the development of critical theories of media and theories of communication structures in the concept of the Frankfurt School's thinkers, William John Thomas Mitchell, Vilém Flusser and George P. Landow. The selection of concepts and ideas from these sources is derived from attempts to analyze political communication as applied in the context of political campaigns....