Landscape fragmentation by line barriers in the Czech Republic - development, state of the art and priorities of territorial protection Abstract This paper deals with the problem of landscape fragmentation by linear structures and changes in land cover printed in Europe and the Czech Republic. The development of the fragmentation geometry consisting of transport infrastructure and urban areas is described in detail in the years 1920-2020. In this time boundary the development of measure of landscape fragmentation in the Czech Republic is evaluated. This paper examines also the quality of the current unfragmented landscape. The degree of landscape fragmentation refills the value of ecological integrity (according to Burkhard et al., 2009). The results of gap analysis define the most valuable areas of the Czech countryside, which are not covered by existing special protection area (NP, CHKO, Natura 2000). The resulting areas are also compared to the territorial system of ecological stability and migration important area for the large mammals. Keywords landscape fragmentation - landscape connectivity - ecological integrity - gap analysis of landscape protection

Landscape permeability is currently significantly decreasing mainly due to anthropogenic barriers - transportation infrastructure and sub/urban development. The construction of these barriers has various environmental impacts on animals that differ among taxa. Ensuring a certain degree of permeability of the landscape is crucial for the survival of many species of organisms. Effective tools for the planning protection and restoration of the permeability of the landscape are series of models, whose theoretical framework and practical use are described in this thesis. The practical part deals with the modeling of changes in landscape permeability in the southern hinterlands of Prague. The effectiveness of the implemeted mitigation measures is also evaluated. Keywords: landscape fragmentation, landscape permeability, ecoducts, mitigation measures, suburbanization

The topic of diploma thesis, Landscape quality objectives in spatial planning is divided into two parts. The first part is theoretical and is engaged in regional planning with a focus on strategic tools, landscape typology and target landscape characteristic in the principles of regional development in the context of the European Landscape Convention. In the application part were defined target characteristics of the landscape in the principles of territorial development in particular regions of the Czech Republic. In the case of study of the micro region Jemnicko were detected public demand for landscape by the form of questionnaire investigation and the following recommendations for the Vysocina region.

Diploma thesis deals with landscape reclamation in areas influenced by underground mining of mineral resources. The aim of diploma thesis is to create a study of selected areas reclamation. Within the model area was developed the concept of the integration of the surroundings and the functional use of reclaimed areas. Subsequently were designed the vegetation modifications leading to ensure the harmonious function of the territory. The focus is placed on the vegetation elements with different functions, establishment methods and species composition corresponding to the specific site conditions. There were formulated recommendations for subsequent care based on vegetation modifications with an emphasis on achieving the prescribed goal of creating a harmonious landscape with subsequent recreational use.

The ability of landscape to provide services assisting mankind and to directly or indirectly promote it, has witnessed a dramatic decline due to an intensive anthropogenic use of landscape. The interference with the functionality of landscape notwithstanding the measures aimed at protecting landscape and its elements constitutes a response to the economic development and strive for economic profits. The economic development causes (monetarily) 3 calculable damages which are not included in economic balances and decisions concerning activities carried out in landscape. This doctoral thesis aims at contributing to the solution of this issue by developing and testing an integrative assessment method which integrates a complex of circumstances as a starting point for evaluating landscape in terms of its environmental quality.

This thesis is focused on natural elements in the microregion Bechynsko,it describes and localizes geohazards (ecological hazards) and natural risks, It designs solutions for elimination of this problems. Designed management of this area leads to sustainable development and it is outlined on the basis of the own SWOT anylyze. In the end of my work I prepared sample case studies which are focused on special geohazards and natural risks and I suggest suitable landscape management and its recultivation.

Typology of Nature Parks in the Czech Republic Nature parks cover about one tenth of the Czech Republic. They are classified under general protection of nature and landscape in the nature and landscape system of our state and primarily serve to protect the landscape character with significant aesthetic, natural and cultural values. Nature parks are currently set up by a law regulation by regional authorities. This thesis provides comprehensive information about all nature parks in the Czech Republic, describes their history and their present form. The thesis deals with the research of landscape protection and landscape character. The main result of the thesis is the creation of a typology of natural parks of the Czech Republic, rated by their landscape coverage and selected natural conditions - altitude, typological division of the relief, climatic conditions and height vegetation levels. All map outputs are processed in a GIS program. Keywords: nature park, landscape protection, landscape character, landscape typology

This diploma thesis is occupied with analysis of the keys to the maps of Landscape Atlas of the Czech Republic and the Landscape Atlas of the Slovak Republic with emphasis on their mutual comparison. This thesis based on the published general theoretical principles of cartographic production. The theoretical part concludes with a chapter that engages in the key in detail, its types, procedures, etc. Then come critical analysis and classification keys to the maps of Landscape Atlas of the CR and subsequent comparison with Landscape Atlas of the SR using objective cartographic criteria. There is observed mainly the overall clarity, completeness, graphical representation and last but not least the overall look of the keys.

The diploma thesis deals with registered significant landscape elements in ORP Kyjov. The literary research is focused on the nature conservation and landscape protection in the Czech Republic, which is subsequently compared with foreign countries. An integral part is the presentation of significant landscape element as a general tool for nature and landscape protection. The theoretical part also marginally deals with environmental education in nature conservation and landscape protection. Then the characteristics of the area follows, which focuses mainly on natural conditions and landscape protection. The main task is to evaluate the current state of significant landscape elements in the area. In order to achieve this goal, a field survey was carried out. The results are summarized by the catalogue of significant landscape elements, supplemented by photographs of the landscape. In addition to the care for significant landscape elements, an analysis of their funding in recent years was carried out. In the practical part several maps were created in ArcGIS. In addition, a questionnaire survey on citizens' awareness of significant landscape elements took place. Finally, the options to raise citizens' awareness of this protection institution were determined.

The thesis objective is to highlight the recent enlargement of the forested land area within the PLA Žďárské vrchy and to point out the nature conservation risks stemming from illegal afforestation, in particular. The work includes a quantification study on the natural biotope loss due to illegal afforestation within the PLA since 2001, pricing the incurred loss as ecological damage. Moreover, it adumbrates and considers the efficiency of specific preventive, corrective, compensatory and repressive measures to minimize negative impacts on the subjects of protection, which are available to the government authorities. The thesis also includes literary research focused on the biological and legal aspects of afforestation with an emphasis on the specifics of the PLA Žďárské vrchy.