abstract: In this thesis, I present a lab-on-a-chip (LOC) that can separate and detect Escherichia Coli (E. coli) in simulated urine samples for Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) diagnosis. The LOC consists of two (concentration and sensing) chambers connected in series and an integrated impedance detector. The two-chamber approach is designed to reduce the non-specific absorption of proteins, e.g. albumin, that potentially co-exist with E. coli in urine. I directly separate E. coli K-12 from a urine cocktail in a concentration chamber containing micro-sized magnetic beads (5 µm in diameter) conjugated with anti-E. coli antibodies. The immobilized E. coli are transferred to a sensing chamber for the impedance measurement. The measurement at the concentration chamber suffers from non-specific absorption of albumin on the gold electrode, which may lead to a false positive response. By contrast, the measured impedance at the sensing chamber shows ~60 kÙ impedance change between 6.4x104 and 6.4x105 CFU/mL, covering the threshold of UTI (105 CFU/mL). The sensitivity of the LOC for detecting E. coli is characterized to be at least 3.4x104 CFU/mL. I also characterized the LOC for different age groups and white blood cell spiked samples. These preliminary data show promising potential for application in portable LOC devices for UTI detection. / Dissertation/Thesis / M.S. Electrical Engineering 2011

Submitted by Patricia Figuti Venturini (pfiguti@anhembi.br) on 2018-10-15T20:40:58Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Elton Reis Monezi.pdf: 4554203 bytes, checksum: e152b86771479a12bebf84bb6ce8562d (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Patricia Figuti Venturini (pfiguti@anhembi.br) on 2018-10-17T18:23:54Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Elton Reis Monezi.pdf: 4554203 bytes, checksum: e152b86771479a12bebf84bb6ce8562d (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Patricia Figuti Venturini (pfiguti@anhembi.br) on 2018-10-17T18:25:07Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Elton Reis Monezi.pdf: 4554203 bytes, checksum: e152b86771479a12bebf84bb6ce8562d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-10-17T18:25:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Elton Reis Monezi.pdf: 4554203 bytes, checksum: e152b86771479a12bebf84bb6ce8562d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-19 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This research investigates the meaning of industrial production as a counterpoint to the emerging proposal of digital manufacturing contemporary model, which includes the Maker culture and its admissible interference in the materialization of goods and its relationship with design, industry and consumer. It aims to evaluate the relevance of Fabrication Laboratories (Fab Labs), in the city of São Paulo, as being auspicious environments to disruptive innovation and entrepreneurship, in the productive and social insertion scenario. There is a practical demand into Fab Labs, where visitors are allowed to build elements without prior design knowledge or drawing software. The method adopted in the research is qualitative and includes a data survey through interviews with the heads of four laboratories selected in the city of São Paulo, and, subsequently, the critical analysis of the data is made. It is questioned if the culture of manufacture would cause substantial mutations in a capitalist system and what would be the most appropriate practice to society. / Esta pesquisa investiga os meios de produção industrial em contraponto à proposta emergente de modelo contemporâneo de fabricação digital, na qual está inserida a cultura Maker e sua admissível interferência na materialização de mercadorias e sua relação com design, indústria e consumidor. Tem como objetivo avaliar a relevância dos laboratórios de fabricação digital (Fab Labs), na cidade de São Paulo, como ambientes propícios à inovação disruptiva e ao empreendedorismo, no cenário produtivo e de inserção social. Existe uma demanda prática nos Fab Labs, nos quais se permite aos frequentadores, construir elementos sem conhecimento prévio de projeto ou de softwares de desenho. O método adotado, na pesquisa, é o qualitativo, e inclui um levantamento de dados por meio de entrevistas aos responsáveis de quatro laboratórios selecionados na cidade de São Paulo; e, na sequência, faz-se a análise crítica dos dados. Questiona-se se a cultura de fabricação provocaria mutações substanciais em um sistema capitalista e qual seria a prática mais adequada à sociedade.

Abstract The purpose of this thesis is to increase understanding and provide new knowledge on the applicability and value of the living lab approach in user-centric product and service development in public and private sector. Research has been carried out within the authentic living lab environment of the Oulu Urban Living Labs (OULLabs) and the PATIO user community and user involvement tool in 2011–2018. Empirical evidence is gathered from qualitative living lab case studies conducted in multiple contexts: public service development, commercial product and service development, business accelerating, innovation instruments, public procurement and urban planning. The primary source of information are the 70 in-depth interviews with the customer companies and organizations. Both general and context-specific value of the living lab approach for public and private sector customers are identified. The living lab approach provides an effortless process for user-centric development. Knowledge and practice of user involvement are transferred into customers. The living lab approach supports the development of usable and desirable products and services. The diverse context-specific value of the living lab approach includes, e.g., information for the development and decision making, learning and knowledge, new customer and end-user contacts, increased efficiency, improvement of organizational culture and communication, enhanced quality of products and services, gaining visibility, involvement of citizens and increased productivity. PATIO is perceived as a fast, easy and efficient digital tool to involve users regardless time and location in a living lab environment. The main contribution of the thesis is the new knowledge of less researched long-term and partly novel living lab studies in a remarkable breadth. The findings of the thesis support the adoption of the living lab approach as a natural and continuous practice in a variety of product and service development activities, especially in local innovation ecosystems but also in international environments. / Tiivistelmä Tämän tutkimuksen tarkoituksena on lisätä ymmärrystä ja tuottaa uutta tietoa living lab -toimintatavan soveltuvuudesta ja arvosta yritysten ja julkisen sektorin tuote- ja palvelukehityksessä. Tutkimus on toteutettu autenttisessa Oulu Urban Living Labs (OULLabs)- ja PATIO living lab -ympäristössä vuosina 2011‒2018. Tutkimuksen empiiriset todisteet perustuvat laadulliseen tapaustutkimukseen, jossa living lab -menetelmiä ja -työkaluja on hyödynnetty eri konteksteissa: julkisten palvelujen kehittäminen, kaupallisten tuotteiden ja palvelujen kehittäminen, yrityskiihdyttämö, innovaatioinstrumentit, julkiset hankinnat ja kaupunkisuunnittelu. Tutkimuksen pääaineisto koostuu 70:stä yritysten ja muiden sidosryhmien edustajien haastattelusta. Tutkimuksessa on tunnistettu sekä yleisiä että kontekstisidonnaisia living lab -toiminnan hyötyjä julkisen ja yksityisen sektorin asiakkaille. Living lab -toimintatapa tarjoaa vaivattoman prosessin käyttäjäkeskeiseen kehittämiseen sekä lisää uutta tietoa ja uusia käytäntöjä käyttäjien osallistamisesta. Living lab -toimintatapa tukee käytettävien ja haluttujen tuotteiden ja palveluiden kehittämistä. Living labin monet kontekstisidonnaiset hyödyt ovat esimerkiksi informaatio tuote- ja palvelukehityksen ja päätöksenteon tueksi, tiedon ja oppimisen lisääntyminen, prosessien tehostaminen, uudet asiakas- ja loppukäyttäjäkontaktit, tuottavuuden lisääntyminen ja taloudelliset hyödyt, organisaatiokulttuurin ja kommunikaation parantaminen, tuotteiden ja palveluiden parempi laatu, näkyvyyden lisääminen sekä kuntalaisosallistaminen. Digitaalinen käyttäjäyhteisö ja käyttäjien osallistamistyökalu PATIO on nopea, helppo ja tehokas tapa aktivoida käyttäjiä tuote- ja palvelukehitykseen living lab -ympäristössä. Tutkimus tuo uutta tietoa vähän tutkituista pitkän aikavälin living lab -toiminnan tuomista hyödyistä ja uudenlaisista living lab -tutkimuksista merkittävässä laajuudessa. Tulokset tukevat living lab -toiminnan omaksumista luonnolliseksi ja jatkuvaksi osaksi tuotteiden ja palveluiden kehittämistoimintoja paikallisissa innovaatioekosysteemeissä, mutta myös kansainvälisissä toimintaympäristöissä.

abstract: Within ethics, a number of scholars advocate an interdisciplinary approach of combining the two traditionally different professions of science and philosophy with the confidence that this collaboration will be a mutually beneficial experience. Current ethicist-scientist interactions include embedded-ethicists and research ethics consultation services. Both methods are employed with the hope that they will reduce social and ethical problems that could arise from scientific research, and enhance the reflective capacity of investigative teams. While much effort has been put forth in the endeavor of creating ethicist-scientist interactions, there remains opportunity to refine these new interaction models to make them more robust. There is need for ethicists to understand the context of ethical decision-making in the laboratory. By extension, before interacting with scientists in a research lab, research ethicists ought to have the ability to understand the science and also be familiar with the different factors that influence scientific research, such as funding, productivity requirements, time constraints, politics of laboratories and institutional reward structures. Through literature review and the analysis of qualitative data obtained from the ethnographic study in a neuroscience laboratory, this thesis explores the strengths and weaknesses of ethicist-scientist interactions and aims to understand the culture, traditions and values of this community and their perspectives on their role as scientists and their relationship to ethics. This study shows that the quantity and quality of ethics discussions in the lab are limited and dictated by time constraints and minimal incentives. Other influencing factors are the researchers' perspectives on ethics and how they view their role as a scientist in relation to the public. / Dissertation/Thesis / M.S. Applied Biological Sciences 2012

Mathematical modeling of thin-layer solar drying and organoleptic properties of eland jerky was investigated in this study. Eland jerky was compared to the traditional beef jerky, inasmuch as both were treated with traditional jerky marinade (TM), TM with fresh pine apple juice (TMP), TM with honey (TMH), TM with Coca Cola (TMCCL) and compared to an untreated control (C). The influence of the marinades on the drying process was statistically significant. Based on the coefficient of determination, the root mean square errors and the chi-squares, the Two-term model was found to be the most suitable model for describing the solar drying kinetics of eland jerky. The mean effective moisture diffusivities of solar dried eland meat for the C and selected pre-treatments TM and TMH samples were 2.07 x 10-10, 1.45 x 10-10 and 1.43 x 10-10 m2.s-1, respectively. The activation energy values for solar dried eland jerky were 23.75, 26.22 and 26.97 kJ.mol-1 for C, TM and TMH, respectively. Organoleptic properties of dried eland meat was assessed by the 22 member degustation panel. The best scored pre-treatment was TMP, which has significant effect on texture, color and taste. Effect of the different pre-treatments on the overall combined color was calculated. Generally for both meat dried in both driers TMH marinade was evaluated as the one with the highest total difference contrariwise meat dipped in TMP pre-treatment has the lowest total difference.

A presente dissertação apresenta um estudo experimental e de simulação de fluxo de água investigando os efeitos de chuvas torrenciais sobre o solo existente em um talude da região de São Vendelino. Para este estudo foi selecionada uma encosta na qual houve duas ocorrências de rupturas rasas que deram origem a corridas de detritos num evento importante que ocorreu no local em dezembro de 2000. Ao longo da cicatriz deixada por uma delas, foram realizados ensaios de caracterização e determinadas as propriedades hidráulicas do solo a partir de ensaios de campo e de laboratório. Os ensaios de campo compreenderam ensaios com o permeâmetro de Guelph, ensaios com piezômetros de tubo aberto e infiltrômetro de anel duplo. Em laboratório foram realizados ensaios utilizando dois diferentes permeâmetros de parede flexível. Foi feita também a determinação da curva característica do solo através do método do papel-filtro. A partir das propriedades hidráulicas do solo, da geometria do talude e espessura dos materiais, obtidas a partir de topografia, foram realizadas análises de fluxo utilizando o programa Seep/W simulando a precipitação medida de 148 mm/2 h que deflagrou as corridas de detritos de dezembro de 2000. As análises mostraram que, como o solo coluvionar tem uma condutividade hidráulica bastante elevada, ocorre a infiltração de toda a chuva ocorrida. As análises de fluxo mostraram uma elevação progressiva do nível freático com o tempo, o qual atinge a superfície do terreno no trecho crítico do talude (trecho de maior inclinação) após cerca de 95 minutos de precipitação. Análises de estabilidade simplificadas (talude infinito) mostram fatores de segurança próximos da unidade com o nível freático em 80% da camada de solo coluvionar, considerando o trecho mais íngreme do talude. Embora com algumas simplificações de análise, estes resultados mostram que as análises de fluxo e de ruptura, utilizando dados reais medidos em campo, são muito promissores pois conseguem modelar de forma adequada a ruptura ocorrida (FS=1,0). / This dissertation presents an experimental study and a simulation of hydraulic flow in a slope at São Vendelino region, to investigate the effects of torrential rains on the existing soil. A natural slope was selected in which two shallow slope failures had occurred in December 2000 during a serious debris flow event. Soil characterization tests and hydraulic properties have been determined in the laboratory on soil samples taken close to one of the scars left by the failures. The field tests involved Guelph permeameter, stand pipe piezometers and doublering infiltrometer tests. Tests on two different flexible wall permeameter tests and the determination of the moisture-suction characteristic curve have also been carried out in the laboratory. Using the measured soil hydraulic properties, the slope geometry and soil covering depths obtained through topography, some hydraulic flow analyses have been carried out. The SEEP/W software was used and the measured precipitation of 148mm/ 2h, which caused the debris flow event of December 2000, was simulated. The analyses have shown that all the precipitation can infiltrate, as the soil has a large hydraulic conductivity, and there is a progressive rising of the phreatic line with time. This level of water reaches the soil surface in the critical length of the slope (the length with the larger inclination) after 95 min of rain. Simplified slope stability analysis (infinite slopes) had shown values of safety factors close to one in the critical length of the slope when the phreatic line is at 80% depth of the colluvium soil. Although there are some simplifications in the analysis, these results show that the flow and the stability analyses using the real data collected from field tests modeled in an appropriate way the real failure (FS~1,0).

Goal of this paper is defining Hoek - Brown failure criterion for samples of granodiorite from possible site of Czech deep geological repository - Brezovy potok. Paper includes triaxial testing, defining HB failure criterion for intact rock, rock massif and evaluation of available data. Other methods for defining parameters of HB failure criterion (eg. GSI and mi) are also explored. Comparisons for all parameters and data are given. Paper is concluded with simple numerical model, using results from laboratory testing and literature review.

Até recentemente as novas tecnologias de fabricação digital só eram encontradas na indústria e em algumas universidades. Hoje essas tecnologias estão cada vez mais acessíveis e baratas e têm se consolidado como grandes aliadas no processo de projeto em áreas como Arquitetura, Design e Engenharia. Ambientes como os Fab Labs têm auxiliado o processo de desenvolvimento de produto e a realização de experimentações através da prototipagem rápida e da fabricação digital, oferecendo de forma aberta, suporte na utilização de um conjunto de ferramentas digitais. Dessa forma, buscou-se, como objetivo geral neste trabalho, evidenciar o potencial dos Fab Labs como ambientes para o uso da fabricação digital e da prototipagem rápida no processo de projeto. Como forma de atingir esse objetivo, foi realizada uma pesquisa qualitativa, através de estudo de caso e por meio de entrevista com gestores de três Fab Labs situados no Brasil. Inicialmente, foi feita uma abordagem sobre temas como prototipagem rápida e fabricação digital, buscando o esclarecimento do tema e a formação do corpo teórico. A pesquisa bibliográfica abordou temas como tipos de protótipos e a importância do ato de prototipar. Os resultados obtidos por intermédio das entrevistas e das observações, apresenta considerações importantes em relação ao conceito Fab Lab enquanto potencializador no desenvolvimento de projetos. / Until recently the new digital manufacturing technologies were only found in the industry and some universities. Today these technologies are increasingly affordable and cheap and have been established as major allies in the design process in areas such as Architecture, Design and Engineering. Environments such as Fab Labs have aided the product development process and performing trials through rapid prototyping and digital fabrication, providing an open, support the use of a set of digital tools. Thus, it sought to, the general objective of this study was to highlight the potential of Fab Labs as environments for the use of digital manufacturing and rapid prototyping in the design process. In order to achieve this goal, a qualitative survey was conducted through case study and through interviews with managers of three Fab Labs located in Brazil. Initially, an approach on issues such as rapid prototyping and digital manufacturing was made, seeking the theme of enlightenment and the formation of the theoretical body. The literature has addressed such topics as types of prototypes and the importance of prototyping act. The results obtained through the interviews and observations, presents important considerations regarding the concept Fab Lab while potentiating the development projects.

Este estudo tenta mostrar as condições de trabalho em uma planta industrial na cidade de Montevidéu, a fim de compreender a importância de conhecer quais são as condições em que as pessoas estão trabalhando, se essas condições estão dentro das normas trabalhistas e se elas podem ser melhoradas. Foram realizadas pesquisas de sons de toda a planta industrial, obtendo-se, em todos os casos, níveis inferiores a 84,0 dB (A). A partir dos resultados obtidos, foi feito um mapa de ruído, foi calculada a dose de ruído dos funcionários e foram estudados em profundidade os pontos críticos, onde as exigências não foram cumpridas, a fim de propor soluções. / This work depicts working conditions inside an industrial plant in the city of Montevideo with the aim of highlighting the importance of knowing said conditions and whether or not they can be improved. Sound measurements of the entire industrial plant were made, obtaining levels under 84.0 dB(A) in all cases. With these results, a noise map was made, the noise dose of workers was calculated, and critical areas where requirements weren’t met were thoroughly studied in order to propose solutions. / Este trabajo intenta mostrar las condiciones de trabajo en una planta industrial de la ciudad de Montevideo, con el objetivo de comprender la importancia de conocer cuáles son las condiciones en las que las personas se encuentran trabajando y si las mismas se pueden mejorar. Se realizaron relevamientos sonoros de toda la planta industrial obteniéndose niveles en todos los casos menores a 84,0 dB(A). A partir de los resultados obtenidos se realizó un mapa de ruido, se calculó la dosis de ruido de los funcionarios y se estudiaron con profundidad los lugares críticos donde no se cumplan los requerimientos, con el fin de proponer soluciones.

A presente dissertação apresenta um estudo experimental e de simulação de fluxo de água investigando os efeitos de chuvas torrenciais sobre o solo existente em um talude da região de São Vendelino. Para este estudo foi selecionada uma encosta na qual houve duas ocorrências de rupturas rasas que deram origem a corridas de detritos num evento importante que ocorreu no local em dezembro de 2000. Ao longo da cicatriz deixada por uma delas, foram realizados ensaios de caracterização e determinadas as propriedades hidráulicas do solo a partir de ensaios de campo e de laboratório. Os ensaios de campo compreenderam ensaios com o permeâmetro de Guelph, ensaios com piezômetros de tubo aberto e infiltrômetro de anel duplo. Em laboratório foram realizados ensaios utilizando dois diferentes permeâmetros de parede flexível. Foi feita também a determinação da curva característica do solo através do método do papel-filtro. A partir das propriedades hidráulicas do solo, da geometria do talude e espessura dos materiais, obtidas a partir de topografia, foram realizadas análises de fluxo utilizando o programa Seep/W simulando a precipitação medida de 148 mm/2 h que deflagrou as corridas de detritos de dezembro de 2000. As análises mostraram que, como o solo coluvionar tem uma condutividade hidráulica bastante elevada, ocorre a infiltração de toda a chuva ocorrida. As análises de fluxo mostraram uma elevação progressiva do nível freático com o tempo, o qual atinge a superfície do terreno no trecho crítico do talude (trecho de maior inclinação) após cerca de 95 minutos de precipitação. Análises de estabilidade simplificadas (talude infinito) mostram fatores de segurança próximos da unidade com o nível freático em 80% da camada de solo coluvionar, considerando o trecho mais íngreme do talude. Embora com algumas simplificações de análise, estes resultados mostram que as análises de fluxo e de ruptura, utilizando dados reais medidos em campo, são muito promissores pois conseguem modelar de forma adequada a ruptura ocorrida (FS=1,0). / This dissertation presents an experimental study and a simulation of hydraulic flow in a slope at São Vendelino region, to investigate the effects of torrential rains on the existing soil. A natural slope was selected in which two shallow slope failures had occurred in December 2000 during a serious debris flow event. Soil characterization tests and hydraulic properties have been determined in the laboratory on soil samples taken close to one of the scars left by the failures. The field tests involved Guelph permeameter, stand pipe piezometers and doublering infiltrometer tests. Tests on two different flexible wall permeameter tests and the determination of the moisture-suction characteristic curve have also been carried out in the laboratory. Using the measured soil hydraulic properties, the slope geometry and soil covering depths obtained through topography, some hydraulic flow analyses have been carried out. The SEEP/W software was used and the measured precipitation of 148mm/ 2h, which caused the debris flow event of December 2000, was simulated. The analyses have shown that all the precipitation can infiltrate, as the soil has a large hydraulic conductivity, and there is a progressive rising of the phreatic line with time. This level of water reaches the soil surface in the critical length of the slope (the length with the larger inclination) after 95 min of rain. Simplified slope stability analysis (infinite slopes) had shown values of safety factors close to one in the critical length of the slope when the phreatic line is at 80% depth of the colluvium soil. Although there are some simplifications in the analysis, these results show that the flow and the stability analyses using the real data collected from field tests modeled in an appropriate way the real failure (FS~1,0).