Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-07T19:21:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2015-11-26. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2016-03-07T19:23:53Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000858347.pdf: 1181050 bytes, checksum: 7747619a4f26f41e09458aa410232d6e (MD5) / O objetivo deste trabalho é investigar a obra do economista Ludwig Lachmann e suas contribuições para a teoria austríaca do processo de mercado. Primeiramente é apresentado o desenvolvimento dessa teoria, que traz uma alternativa para a teoria do equilíbrio geral, e a importância do subjetivismo na análise econômica. Na teoria do processo de mercado buscam-se explicações genético-causais para compreender: (i) como o agente adquire, e transmite conhecimento; (ii) como se dá a coordenação de planos dos agentes, e qual é o papel do sistema de preços e das expectativas nesse processo; (iii) como utilizar o conhecimento que os agentes possuem de forma dispersa e, por vezes, contraditórios para instituir, como indaga Hayek, uma ordem econômica racional? A abordagem de Lachmann nos oferece um ferramental analítico para compreender de forma integrada o processo de mercado em todas as suas esferas: do capital, do empreendedor e das instituições / The purpose of this dissertation is to investigate the work of the economist Ludwig Lachmann and his contributions to the Austrian theory of the market process. First we present the development of this theory, which brings an alternative to general equilibrium theory, and the importance of subjectivism in economic analysis. The theory of the market process are sought genetic-causal explanations to understand: (i) how agent acquire and transmit knowledge; (ii) how is the coordinating officer of the plans, and what is the role of the price system and expectations in this process; (iii) using the knowledge that agents have different sequences and sometimes contradictory to institute as asks Hayek, a rational economic order? Lachmann's approach provides the analytical tools to understand in an integrated way the market process in all its spheres: the capital, the entrepreneur and institutions

O objetivo desta dissertação é investigar as contribuições à teoria de processo de mercado feitas pelos principais economistas da Escola Austríaca desde o seu ressurgimento na década de setenta do século XX. Inicialmente situam-se os problemas tratados pela teoria de processo, apresentando-se as contribuições anteriores realizadas por Hayek nas décadas de trinta e quarenta, em especial o que ficou conhecido como o "problema do conhecimento" deste autor. A partir disso, estudam-se as contribuições das duas figuras principais do ressurgimento da escola, Ludwig Lachmann e Israel Kirzner. A investigação privilegia o estudo das implicações do subjetivismo para a teoria do processo de mercado do primeiro e a teoria da atividade empresarial do segundo. Segue-se com o debate ocorrido na década de oitenta que confronta as idéias desses dois autores a respeito da existência de uma tendência ao equilíbrio de mercado. Conclui-se com alguns desenvolvimentos mais recentes da teoria. A obra dos autores, o debate entre eles e as contribuições posteriores são analisadas sob o ponto de vista da epistemologia evolucionária de Popper. / The purpose of this dissertation is to investigate the contributions to the theory of market process made by the most important economists of the Austrian School since its revival in the seventies. We initially pose the problems the theory of market process deal with, showing the early contributions to that theory made by Hayek in the 30´s and 40´s, specially what was known latter as his "knowledge problem" After this, we study the contributions of the two leading figures of the revival, Ludwig Lachmann and Israel Kirzner. The investigation focus on the former’s study of the implications of subjectivism to market process theory and the latter's theory of entrepreneurship. After that, we deal with the debate that happened in the 80´s, confronting the views of the two authors concerning the existence of a tendency toward market equilibrium. We conclude with some more recent developments of the theory. The work of the authors, the debate among them and the latter contributions are discussed under the view of Popper's evolutionary epistemology.

O objetivo desta dissertação é investigar as contribuições à teoria de processo de mercado feitas pelos principais economistas da Escola Austríaca desde o seu ressurgimento na década de setenta do século XX. Inicialmente situam-se os problemas tratados pela teoria de processo, apresentando-se as contribuições anteriores realizadas por Hayek nas décadas de trinta e quarenta, em especial o que ficou conhecido como o "problema do conhecimento" deste autor. A partir disso, estudam-se as contribuições das duas figuras principais do ressurgimento da escola, Ludwig Lachmann e Israel Kirzner. A investigação privilegia o estudo das implicações do subjetivismo para a teoria do processo de mercado do primeiro e a teoria da atividade empresarial do segundo. Segue-se com o debate ocorrido na década de oitenta que confronta as idéias desses dois autores a respeito da existência de uma tendência ao equilíbrio de mercado. Conclui-se com alguns desenvolvimentos mais recentes da teoria. A obra dos autores, o debate entre eles e as contribuições posteriores são analisadas sob o ponto de vista da epistemologia evolucionária de Popper. / The purpose of this dissertation is to investigate the contributions to the theory of market process made by the most important economists of the Austrian School since its revival in the seventies. We initially pose the problems the theory of market process deal with, showing the early contributions to that theory made by Hayek in the 30´s and 40´s, specially what was known latter as his "knowledge problem" After this, we study the contributions of the two leading figures of the revival, Ludwig Lachmann and Israel Kirzner. The investigation focus on the former’s study of the implications of subjectivism to market process theory and the latter's theory of entrepreneurship. After that, we deal with the debate that happened in the 80´s, confronting the views of the two authors concerning the existence of a tendency toward market equilibrium. We conclude with some more recent developments of the theory. The work of the authors, the debate among them and the latter contributions are discussed under the view of Popper's evolutionary epistemology.

vii, 56 p. This thesis is written in German. / My thesis focuses on the question of how intertextuality can operate as a form of cultural memory. Drawing on the cultural-semiological model of intertextuality developed by Renate Lachmann, my analysis of Hermann Broch's novel <italic>Die Schlafwandler</italic> examines how the incorporation of intertexts enriches and changes the interpretation of a manifest text. I am focusing in particular on Broch's references to Johann Wolfgang von Goethe and Immanuel Kant in the chapters "Zerfall der Werte" to exemplify how intertextuality operates in this novel. The focus on two specific sources of intertextual references allows me a thorough analysis of the new interpretive dimensions that are created through intertextuality and at the same time the delineation of new perspectives for the further study of intertextuality in relation to Broch's work. / Committee in charge: Prof. Martin Klebes, Chairperson; Prof. Kenneth Calhoon, Member; Prof. Alexander Mathäs, Member

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This thesis deals with the short story “Wanderer, kommst du nach Spa ...” (1950) by the German author Heinrich Böll (1917-1985). The well-established interpretation of this famous short story is that it deals with the dismal fact that the Nazis ended the development of Western culture, which cumulatively had been on its way since Greek antiquity. In this paper another reading is proposed, namely that the short story sheds light on the influence of the Romantic era in Germany and that a certain interpretation and use of Romanticism provided some of the seeds to the obscure ideas of the Nazi era. Research on Böll´s early writings is presented. The notion of cultural memory is introduced. The intertextual connections between Bölls text and other texts are being uncovered. Most fruitful proves the connection between “Wanderer” and the poem “Der Spaziergang” (1795) by Friedrich Schiller (1759-1805) to be. “Wanderer” can be read as a satirical version of Schillers poem. Reasons for Böll to choose Schiller’s elegy as a target are discussed at length. A parable in the story, ”wie ein Gesicht eines Schlafenden” / like a face of a sleeping person, unfolds an undertext to the short story, a Catholic text. Jesus, the Holy Communion, prayers and the eternal cross are present. Wanderer can be read as a requiem over the young soldier. Further, the inability of the wounded soldier to connect to his surroundings is interpreted as a parallell to Germany at the end of the war; the Nazis had stolen the Heimat from the people and it was no longer possible to interpret the world as something you belonged to. While Heinrich Böll on the surface of the text tries to recapture the German language from its nazi-poisend condition, the protagonist within the text regains his identity by means of his own handwriting - a part of his language.

Poetic Spaces of Memory (on Chosen Czech Poets of the Second Half of the 20th Century) Abstract The dissertation Poetic Spaces of Memory (on Chosen Czech Poets of the Second Half of the 20th Century) offers interpretations of six Czech poetic works of the second half of the 20th century, with focus on the perspective of cultural memory. Chosen poetic works represent synecdoches of poetic description of (general) historical events and experience that are connected with the time during the World War II (the Nazi regime) and with communist regime after 1948 and to some extent are connected with spatial dimension - be it poetic reflection of space which is modelled on a phenomenon from real, "topical" world, be it (completely) imaginary description of space. Methodology of this dissertation is based on the concept of cultural memory by Aleida Assmann, particularly as presented in her book Cultural Memory and Western Civilization. Functions, Media, Archives. Individual chapters of the dissertation deal with interpretations of following poetic works: "Návrat" by Vladimír Holan is a poetic story that develops the topos of coming back - coming back home, to a space that the lyrical narrator enters after twenty years in order to look for his mother's grave in local graveyard; he fails. A verse book Dům Strach by Jan...