Os reservatórios lacustres do Grupo Lagoa Feia, seção rift da Bacia de Campos, margem Leste brasileira, tem mantido há décadas uma expressiva produção a partir de campos localizados em águas rasas. A descoberta de grandes acumulações na seção rift e sag (pré-sal) da Bacia de Santos reativou a exploração por reservatórios análogos na Bacia de Campos e em outras bacias marginais. Um estudo petrográfico e petrofísico sistemático foi executado sobre os reservatórios rift da Formação Coqueiros e sag da Formação Macabu do Norte da Bacia de Campos, com objetivo de caracterizar os principais controles sobre a gênese e evolução daqueles reservatórios não-convencionais e seus sistemas porosos. As principais petrofácies de reservatório reconhecidas foram grainstones e rudstones bioclásticos, arenitos ooidais argilosos e dolomitos na Formação Coqueiros, e crostas coalescentes e não-coalescentes de calcita fascicular, rudstones e grainstones intraclásticos e dolomitos na Formação Macabu. A evolução dos reservatórios bioclásticos foi controlada pelo balanço entre dissolução ou neomorfismo dos bioclastos aragoníticos de bivalves, favorecendo a geração de porosidade móldica pouco conectada, ou a preservação da porosidade interpartícula bem conectada, controlando a permeabilidade dos reservatórios. Os arenitos de oóides de argilas magnesianas sofreram dissolução e substituição por dolomita e sílica, o que gerou sistemas porosos altamente heterogêneos, compostos por poros móldicos, intercristalinos, vugulares e microcristalinos. O crescimento de agregados cristalinos arborescentes nas crostas coalescentes de calcita gerou porosidade de crescimento do arcabouço primária, que foi reduzida principalmente por cimentação dolomítica, ou alargada por dissolução, o que ampliou sua permeabilidade. Crostas nãocoalescentes de calcita mostram forte interação com argilominerais magnesianos, que preenchem interstícios, e/ou estão intercalados com as crostas. Sua porosidade está relacionada com a dissolução das argilas, o que produziu baixa permeabilidade. Rochas intraclásticas comumente mostram matriz argilosa, ou estão compactadas e cimentadas. Onde exibem porosidade interpartícula primária ou dissolução da matriz, podem ter boas porosidades e permeabilidades. A dolomitização heterogênea de ambas as Formações em alguns casos destruiu a porosidade primária ou eodiagenética, ou em outros gerou altos valores de porosidade e permeabilidade nos dolomitos. Relações de substituição e de compactação indicam que muitos dos processos diagenéticos ocorreram durante a eodiagênese, controlados principalmente pela instabilidade da aragonita nos reservatórios bioclásticos da Formação Coqueiros, e dos argilominerais magnesianos na Formação Macabu. Este estudo representa a primeira caracterização petrográfica publicada dos reservatórios carbonáticos não-convencionais do sag, e salienta a importância crucial dos estudos petrográficos sistemáticos para a compreensão e previsão da qualidade de reservatórios complexos. / Lacustrine carbonate reservoirs from the Lagoa Feia Group, rift section of Campos Basin, offshore eastern Brazil, have sustained for decades a significant production from shallow water oil fields. The discovery of giant accumulations in the rift and sag (pre-salt) section of the adjacent Santos Basin has reactivated the exploration for equivalent reservoirs in the Campos Basin and in other marginal basins. A systematic petrographic and petrophysical study was performed on the rift Coqueiros Formation and the sag Macabu Formation carbonates from the Lagoa Feia Group in northern Campos Basin, in order to characterize the main controls on the origin and evolution of those unconventional reservoirs and their pore systems. The main types of reservoir petrofacies recognized were grainstones and bioclastic rudstones, magnesian clay ooidal arenites and dolostones from the Coqueiros Formation; coalescent and non-coalescent crusts of fascicular calcite, intraclastic rudstones and grainstones, and dolostones from the Macabu Formation. The evolution of bioclastic reservoirs was controlled by the balance between dissolution and neomorphism of the aragonitic bivalve bioclasts, favoring the generation of poorly-connected moldic porosity or the preservation of well-connected interparticle porosity, which controlled the permeability of the reservoirs. The magnesian clay (stevensite) ooidal arenites suffered dissolution and replacement by dolomite and silica, what generated highly heterogeneous pore systems, composed by moldic, intercrystalline, vugular and microcrystalline pores. The growth of crystal shrubs in coalescent calcite crusts generated growth-framework primary porosity, which was reduced mostly by dolomite cementation, or enlarged by dissolution, what enhanced their permeability. Non-coalescent calcite crusts usually show strong interaction with syngenetic magnesian clay minerals, which fill interstices and/or are interbedded with the crusts. Their porosity is related to dissolution of the clays, what generated poor permeability. Intraclastic rocks usually display clay matrix, or are compacted and cemented. Where they show interparticle primary porosity or matrix dissolution, they may have good porosities and permeabilities. The heterogeneous dolomitization of both formations, either destroyed the primary or early diagenetic porosity, or generated high porosity and permeability values in the dolostones. Relationships of replacement and compaction indicate that most of the diagenetic processes occurred during eodiagenesis, controlled mostly by the instability of the aragonite in the bioclastic Coqueiros reservoirs, and of the magnesian clay minerals in the Macabu Formation. This study represents the first published petrographic characterization of the unconventional sag carbonate reservoirs, and stresses the crucial importance of systematic petrographic studies for the understanding and prediction of the quality of complex reservoirs.

Le marais de Massaciuccoli est la plus importante zone humide de la Toscane septentrionale. C'est une lagune côtière qui draine un bassin d'environ 112 km2 de surface totale et qui est caractérisée par des eaux à salinité très variable. Cette zone est reliée à la mer par un canal artificiel, appelé « Burlamacca ».<br />Dans cette zone palustre, on retrouve de vieilles carrières (profondeur maximum : 30 m., superficie totale : 2,5 km2 ), témoignage d'une ancienne activité d'extraction de sable siliceux. Les principales sources polluantes sont représentées par les déchets urbains et industriels et par les eaux de drainage agricole ; au sein du bassin, il y a en effet 2 décharges et plusieurs entreprises agricoles.<br />Ce projet de recherche se propose d'étudier : 1) l'impact anthropique sur la chimie des eaux du bassin du lac de Massaciuccoli ; 2) l'apport de l'eau de mer, l'infiltration des eaux souterraines et le taux d'évaporation du lac ; 3) le rôle exercé par les anciennes carrières, et 4) le rôle des processus biologiques.<br />Les résultats ont été obtenus en appliquant des techniques géochimiques et en utilisant des traceurs chimiques (Br, B, Cl et des éléments nutritifs) et isotopiques (δ18O, δ11B, δ2H, δ13C, δ34SSO4 et δ18OSO4).<br />L'étude a mis en évidence des aspects méthodologiques importants, concernant :<br />1. l'influence des processus biologiques sur le contenu des composés chimiques dissous dans les eaux<br />2. l'application des techniques isotopiques qui, non seulement, a permis de suivre les processus chimiques et physiques qui se développent à l'interface entre les différents compartiments, mais qui a permis aussi d'établir l'origine des divers éléments et d'effectuer des datations.<br />Notamment, on a mis en évidence les points suivants:<br />a. la distribution des éléments dans le système étudié est fonction de la présence et de l'intensité de l'activité biologique<br />b. la géochimie est importante pour tracer l'origine des eaux et des processus chimiques et physiques.<br />c. Les datations effectuées sur la matière organique des sédiments avec le 14C mettent en évidence la présence d'un pic de l'activité radioactive, qui correspond aux essais atomiques effectués dans les années '60. La profondeur, à laquelle on peut trouver ces évidences, varie selon les différents sites échantillonnés.<br />En conclusion, ce travail a permis de mettre en évidence l'influence de l'activité agricole sur la composition chimique de l'eau du lac, sur l'équilibre hydrodynamique et sur la composition du sédiment superficiel. En outre, les carrières, en relation à leur extension et profondeur, représentent une barrière hydraulique à l'intrusion de l'eau marine dans le lac ; la disparition de la stratification des eaux des carrières ou un éventuel remplissage de ces dernières pourrait devenir un problème très sérieux pour l'équilibre de l'écosystème palustre.<br />vi

<p>Lake sediments are frequently used as archives of climate and environmental change. Minerogenic sediment variability in alpine lakes is often used to reconstruct past glacier and slope process activity. Alpine lake sediments can however have many different origins, which may induce errors in paleoenvironmental reconstructions. The aim of this project was to enhance the understanding of minerogenic lake sedimentation in alpine lakes and improve their use as environmental archives.</p><p>Catchment geomorphology and Holocene sediment sequences were analysed for five alpine lakes. Several minerogenic sediment sources were detected in catchments and sediment sequences. Slope-, fluvial-, periglacial-, nival- and aeolian sediment transportation processes contribute to create complex lake sediment patterns. Large variations in sedimentation rates were discovered within and between lakes, which has implications for sampling strategies and age-model constructions. Similar fine-grained minerogenic laminations were found in four of the investigated lakes, despite large differences in setting. The demonstrated similarity between glacial and non-glacial lakes may complicate interpretations of glaciolacustrine sediment signals.</p><p>The main conclusion is that lake sedimentation in alpine environments is highly dependent on several geomorphological factors. All lakes should therefore be viewed as unique and the geomorphology should be thoroughly investigated before environmental reconstructions are based on lake sediment proxies. This study has confirmed the multi-source origin of alpine lake sediment, which also opens possibilities of more multi-faceted paleoenvironmental studies. Different process-proxies could potentially be used to separate different climate signals, e.g. precipitation, temperature and wind, in lake sediments. Analysis of grain-size distribution, detailed mineralogy and magnetic mineralogy in combination with X-ray radiography are suggested methods for such reconstructions.</p>

Lake sediments are frequently used as archives of climate and environmental change. Minerogenic sediment variability in alpine lakes is often used to reconstruct past glacier and slope process activity. Alpine lake sediments can however have many different origins, which may induce errors in paleoenvironmental reconstructions. The aim of this project was to enhance the understanding of minerogenic lake sedimentation in alpine lakes and improve their use as environmental archives. Catchment geomorphology and Holocene sediment sequences were analysed for five alpine lakes. Several minerogenic sediment sources were detected in catchments and sediment sequences. Slope-, fluvial-, periglacial-, nival- and aeolian sediment transportation processes contribute to create complex lake sediment patterns. Large variations in sedimentation rates were discovered within and between lakes, which has implications for sampling strategies and age-model constructions. Similar fine-grained minerogenic laminations were found in four of the investigated lakes, despite large differences in setting. The demonstrated similarity between glacial and non-glacial lakes may complicate interpretations of glaciolacustrine sediment signals. The main conclusion is that lake sedimentation in alpine environments is highly dependent on several geomorphological factors. All lakes should therefore be viewed as unique and the geomorphology should be thoroughly investigated before environmental reconstructions are based on lake sediment proxies. This study has confirmed the multi-source origin of alpine lake sediment, which also opens possibilities of more multi-faceted paleoenvironmental studies. Different process-proxies could potentially be used to separate different climate signals, e.g. precipitation, temperature and wind, in lake sediments. Analysis of grain-size distribution, detailed mineralogy and magnetic mineralogy in combination with X-ray radiography are suggested methods for such reconstructions.

Studies have shown that Bed I and Lower Bed II (1.92Ma- 1.76Ma) of Paleolake Olduvai at Locality 80 are primarily composed of the authigenic lacustrine clay minerals illite, smectite, and interlayered illite-smectite. X-ray fluorescence analysis and the sedimentation rates of Hay and Kyser (2001) were used to identify four apparent lake cycles beginning and ending with saline alkaline phases. Peaks in Al2O3/MgO ratios, and TiO2 and P2O5 abundances occur at approximately the same elevations within the stratigraphic section. Low values in these three parameters indicate saline alkaline conditions whereas high values represent fresh water conditions. Lake Cycles (LC) 1 and 4 completed in approximately 44,000 years and 42,000 years respectively, which is similar to the 41k.y. year cycle associated with Earth’s obliquity. Lake Cycles 2 and 3 span approximately 24,000 years and are similar to the 21k.y. precession cycle.

The uplift history of the Tibetan Plateau is poorly constrained in part due to its complex and extended tectonic history. This study uses basin analysis, stable isotope analysis, magnetostratigraphy, detrital zircon U-Pb dating, and paleoaltimetry, and frequency analysis to reconstruct the tectonic, spatial, and environmental evolution of the Zhada basin in southwestern Tibet since the late Miocene. The Zhada Formation, which occupies the Zhada basin and consists of ~ 850 m of fluvial, alluvial fan, eolian, and lacustrine sediments, is undeformed and lies in angular unconformity above Tethyan sedimentary sequence strata. The most negative Miocene δ¹⁸Opsw (paleo-surface water) values reconstructed from aquatic gastropods are significantly more negative than the most negative modern δ¹⁸O(sw) (surface water) values. In the absence of any known climate change which would have produced this difference, we interpret it as indicating a decrease in elevation in the catchment between the late Miocene and the present. Basin analysis indicates that the decrease in elevation was accomplished by two low-angle detachment faults which root beneath the Zhada basin and exhume mid-crustal rocks. This exhumation results from ongoing arc-parallel extension and provides accommodation for Zhada basin fill. Sequence stratigraphy shows that the basin evolved from an overfilled to an underfilled basin but that further evolution was truncated by an abrupt return to overfilled, incising conditions. This evolution is linked to progressive damming of the paleo-Sutlej River. During the underfilled portion of basin evolution, depositional environments were strongly influenced by Milancovitch cyclicity: particularly at the precession and eccentricity frequencies.

Annually and subannually laminated lacustrine sediments potentially contain a wide range of information that can be interpreted for paleoenvironmental reconstructions. These laminae are produced by the physical and biological processes that operate in the lake and in the surrounding terrestrial environment. However, identification of the influences that control laminae production may not be straightforward, and other processes may subtly influence the overall depositional sequence. This thesis examines two different depositional environments on Colin Archer Peninsula, Devon Island, Canada, with the objective of identifying the factors that influence subannual sediment deposition and how the resultant sedimentary structures can be used as indicators of paleoenvironmental conditions. In proglacial Lake R, clastic sediment deposition is controlled primarily by subannual meteorological conditions. Periods of positive air temperature or large rainfall events produce discernable laminae that, when combined, form a varve sequence. However, overarching geomorphic controls influence the delivery of sediment to the lake and may reduce or enhance the hydrometeorological signal contained in the varves. An additional influence for calibration of the varve record to meteorological observations is the role that melt season thermal inversions have on temperature extrapolation in the High Arctic. Meteorological stations at sea level may not be representative of the surrounding region, thereby reducing the accuracy of vertical temperature estimation. Investigation of the inversions in the central Canadian High Arctic demonstrated that melt season inversions are common and increased inversion frequency may potentially have influenced enhanced glacial melt since the late 1980s, with implications for proglacial lake sediment transport and deposition. In coastal Lake J, late Holocene sediments record a relatively unusual accumulation of microbially induced sedimentary structures (MISS). Such a record has not been previously described in the circum-Arctic, although they are known to exist elsewhere. These sediments are produced by the interaction between clastic sedimentation and cyanobacterial growth and production. Although chronological constraint could not be assigned with certainty to the record, statistical study of the laminated sequence suggested a dominant pattern that is plausibly annual. A heuristic model of annual sediment accumulation was developed in order to explore the potential for quasi-annual paleoenvironmental interpretations. / Thesis (Ph.D, Geography) -- Queen's University, 2008-05-22 09:55:12.184

O Paleolago Cemitério, formado sobre um domo magmático carbonatítico do Cretáceo Superior, em Catalão, GO, compreende um depósito lacustre espesso, datado entre 51.780 ± 400 14C anos AP e 27.500 ± 4.000 anos AP, e rico em fósseis, particularmente de esponjas de água doce. A presença inédita de camadas de espongilitos e diatomitos no mesmo depósito, bem como de estruturas inteiramente preservadas, gêmulas e porções do esqueleto das esponjas, permitiu a proposição da presente tese, que teve como objetivo identificar as condições ambientais que poderiam ter favorecido essa singular produção e preservação de esponjas. Por conseguinte, investigou-se também a atual Lagoa Serra Negra, em Patrocínio, MG, formada sobre um domo carbonatítico similar àquele do paleolago e sujeita ao regime climático do Bioma Cerrado. As gêmulas e fibras do retículo esqueletal das esponjas integralmente preservadas nos sedimentos do Paleolago Cemitério, bem como fragmentos de espongilito e diatomito, foram fixadas em suportes e analisadas ao MEV. A análise taxonômica das espículas nos sedimentos amostrados em todas as fácies do paleolago, bem como nas 10 amostras de sedimentos da Lagoa Serra Negra, foi feita sobre lâminas permanentes obtidas após preparações laboratoriais destinadas à avaliação ao microscópio óptico. Análises sedimentológicas (granulometria e matéria orgânica) também foram realizadas em amostras de todos os sedimentos recuperados do paleolago e em duas amostras de sedimentos da Lagoa Serra Negra. A água da lagoa foi analisada para as principais características físicas e químicas. A análise taxonômica das espículas nos sedimentos da Lagoa Serra Negra indicou a contribuição das mesmas cinco espécies de esponjas que formaram largos depósitos em áreas vizinhas incluindo os do Paleolago Cemitério, Dosilia pydanieli Volkmer-Ribeiro (1992), Metania spinata (Carter, 1881), Trochospongilla variabilis Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago (1973), Radiospongilla amazonensis Volkmer-Ribeiro & Maciel (1983) e Heterorotula fistula Volkmer-Ribeiro & Motta (1995). As análises dos sedimentos da lagoa também revelaram um depósito biosilicoso conspícuo, com destaque para as espículas de esponjas, o que permitiu uma comparação com o depósito do Paleolago Cemitério. A integração de todos os resultados permitiu propor uma interpretação para a evolução do Paleolago Cemitério. Assim, cinco fases de mudanças ambientais foram identificadas no depósito do paleolago, que correspondem à instalação (fase lótica e erosiva), ao estabelecimento e desenvolvimento do lago, e à colmatação do lago, essa última correlacionada ao Último Máximo Glacial (UMG). Com base nos requisitos ecológicos das espécies de esponjas identificadas no depósito foi, além disso, possível inferir os padrões climáticos relacionados com as respectivas fases do paleolago. A presença inédita da espécie de esponjas Corvoheteromeyenia australis no Paleolago Cemitério, atualmente registrada apenas no sul da América do Sul, indicou que incursões polares originárias da Antártida foram frequentes durante o último período glacial, e podem ter desempenhado um papel notável no Brasil central. No entanto, por um curto período de tempo, condições climáticas mais secas e quentes podem ter predominado, como sugerido pela presença de Corvomeyenia thumi. Não resta dúvida que o paleoclima favoreceu o processo cárstico no domo de Catalão I que levou à formação da bacia do paleolago, onde as condições ambientais favoreceram à existência de uma particular comunidade de esponjas, hoje típicas de lagoas do Bioma Cerrado. Profundidade, fluxo e residência de água na bacia, bem como disponibilidade de substrato e concentração de sílica, essa última favorecida pelas rochas-fonte circundantes, foram condições ambientais chave para a formação dos depósitos biosilicosos no Paleolago Cemitério. / The Cemitério Palaeolake, formed in a Late Cretaceous magmatic carbonatitic dome in Catalão, GO, comprises a thick lacustrine deposit, dated between 51,780 ± 400 14C years BP and 27,500 ± 4,000 years BP, and rich in fossils, particulary freshwater sponges. The unprecedented presence of spongillite and diatomite layers in the same deposit, as well as the entire structures of gemmules and skeleton strutures of the sponges, allowed the proposition of the present thesis, which aimed to identify the environmental conditions that could have favored this singular production and preservation of sponges. Accordingly, the actual Serra Negra Lake, in Patrocínio, MG, was also investigated once it was formed on a carbonatite dome, similar and close to that of the Paleolake and subjected to the climate regime of the Cerrado biome. The fully preserved gemmules and fibres of the skeletal reticulum of sponges from the Cemitério Paleolake sediments, as well as the fragments of its spongillites and diatomites, were fixed on stubbs and analysed using SEM. The taxonomic analysis of spicules in the sediments sampled from all the facies of the paleolake as well as in 10 sediment samples from the Serra Negra Lake was conducted on permanent slides obtained after laboratorial preparations designed for evaluation under optical microscope. Sedimentological analyses (granulometry and organic matter) were also performed using all the sediment samples recovered from the paleolake and two sediment samples obtained from the Serra Negra Lake. The lake water was analysed for the main physical and chemical characteristics. The taxonomic analysis of spicules in the sediments of the Serra Negra Lake indicated the contribution of the same five sponge species, which formed large deposits in the neighbouring areas including those of the Cemitério Paleolake, Dosilia pydanieli Volkmer-Ribeiro (1992), Metania spinata (Carter, 1881), Trochospongilla variabilis Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago (1973), Radiospongilla amazonensis Volkmer-Ribeiro & Maciel (1983) and Heterorotula fistula Volkmer-Ribeiro & Motta (1995). The analyses of current sediments of the lake also revealed a conspicuous biosilicious deposit, highlighting the sponge spicules, which allowed a comparison with the Cemitério Paleolake deposit. All these results led us to propose an interpretation of the evolution of the Cemitério Paleolake. Therefore, five phases of environmental changes were identified in the paleolake deposit, corresponding to the installation (lotic and erosion phase), establishment and development of the lake, and colmatation of the lake, with the latter correlating to the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). Moreover, on the basis of the ecological requirements of the sponge species identified in the deposit, it was possible to infer the probable weather patterns related to the respective phases of the lake. The unprecedented presence of the sponge species Corvoheteromeyenia australis in the Cemitério Paleolake, which is presently recorded only in southern South America, indicated that polar incursions originating from the Antarctic were frequent during the last glacial period and may have played a notable role in what is now the central Brazil. However, for a short time, drier and hotter weather conditions may have predominated, as suggested by the presence of Corvomeyenia thumi. There is no doubt that the paleoclim favored the karstic process in the dome of Catalão I, which led to the formation of the paleolake basin, where environmental condictions favored the existence of a particular sponges community, currently typical of the lakes of the Cerrado Biome. Depth, flow and water residence in the basin as well as the availability of substrate and silica concentrations, with the latter favored by the surrounding source rocks, were the key environmental conditions for the formation of biosiliceous deposit in the Cemitério Paleolake.

Submitted by Maria Medeiros (maria.dilva1@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-08-30T13:13:44Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ELIS GEAN ROCHA - DISSERTAÇÃO (PPGECA) 2018.pdf: 5120765 bytes, checksum: 11074ea88b01e31806a1d0befc8974ef (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-30T13:13:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ELIS GEAN ROCHA - DISSERTAÇÃO (PPGECA) 2018.pdf: 5120765 bytes, checksum: 11074ea88b01e31806a1d0befc8974ef (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02 / Capes / As águas urbanas passam por diversas intervenções no processo de desenvolvimento das cidades, sofrendo, muitas vezes, impactos negativos devido à ausência de planejamento e saneamento básico. A eutrofização, causada pelo enriquecimento dos corpos hídricos por nutrientes advindos de despejos de esgotos sem tratamento é um dos grandes problemas das águas superficiais urbanas. Tendo em vista a necessidade do desenvolvimento sustentável das cidades, continuamente procura-se por alternativas para o tratamento de águas poluídas que possam atuar de forma harmônica com a paisagem urbana. Este trabalho teve como objetivo a construção de um sistema de jardins flutuantes para a remediação das águas do pequeno açude localizado no campus sede da Universidade Federal de Campina Grande – PB. O experimento foi realizado numa área experimental de 400 m² de espelho d’água, a montagem do sistema se dividiu em três etapas, atingindo no final da terceira etapa uma cobertura superficial de 10%. As estruturas modulares foram construídas com bambu e paletes, sendo utilizadas diferentes espécies de plantas aquáticas e ornamentais e substrato de fibra de coco. O monitoramento foi feito por coletas semanais, em 13 pontos distribuídos na área experimental. Os parâmetros analisados foram: temperatura, pH, turbidez, condutividade elétrica, OD, DBO, DQO, clorofila-a, fósforo total, ortofosfato solúvel. Em relação às estruturas dos jardins, aquelas que não apresentaram problemas de estabilidade e flutuação, tiveram bons resultados e proporcionaram o bom desenvolvimento das plantas. As análises estatísticas dos dados mostraram que na área em estudo, houve variações significativas em todos os parâmetros estudados, apresentando resultados positivos de remoção de matéria orgânica e nutrientes em alguns dos dias monitorados. As interferências ambientais na área em estudo, como a precipitação e as cargas de efluentes, dificultaram a análise de eficiência dos jardins na qualidade da água, mas, apesar disso, foram encontrados resultados importantes. / Urban waters go trough many intervencions during the process of development of cities. Many times suffering negative impacts due to absence of planning and basic sanitation. Eutrophication caused by enrichment of water bodies by nutrientes from sewage dumping without treatment is one of the great problems of superficial urban waters. Because of the need for sustainable development in cities and the search for alternatives for the treament of polluted waters, this study has the objective of constructing a system of floating gardens to treat the waters of the pond located on the main campus of the Federal University of Campina Grande, Paraiba, Brazil. The experiment was performed on área, area of 400m2 of the superficial lawyer of the the pond. The building of the system was divided into three stages; at the end of the third stage, 10% of the superficial area was covered, modular structures were built with bamboo and pallets. Different species of ornamental aquatic plants and cocunut fiber substrate were used. Monitoring was performed weekly by collections from 14 points distributed throughout the experimental área. The parameters analyzed were; temperature, pH, turbidity, electric conductivity, DO, BOD, COD, clorophyl-a, total phophorus, soluble orthoposphate, TNK, amoniacal nitrogen, nitrite, nitrate, TDS, VDS, FDS. The structures of the gardeens that did not present problems with stability and flotation had good results and promoted good development. Statistical analysis of the data revealed in the study area, there were significant variations in all the studied parameters, presenting positive results of organic matter and nutrients removal in some of the monitored days. As environmental interferences in the study area, such as precipitation as effluent loads, made it difficult to analyze the efficiency of gardens in water quality, but despite this, important results were found.

O afloramento Paleolago Cemitério, localizado na mina de fosfato a céu aberto da “Ultrafértil”, município de Catalão, Estado de Goiás, possui depósitos originados pelo preenchimento de uma depressão na parte central do Complexo Carbonatítico de Catalão I, onde sedimentos lacustres compostos por diatomitos, argilitos e esponjilitos, assentam-se discordantemente sobre um domo de rochas magmáticas carbonatíticas do Cretáceo Superior. O acúmulo de frústulas de diatomáceas e espículas de esponjas formou diatomitos espessos, nos quais abundam restos fósseis, os quais caracterizam uma paleoflora local, existente durante o Pleistoceno, em uma região hoje ocupada pelo Cerrado, no Centro-oeste do Brasil. O conteúdo micropaleontológico revelou a presença de esponjas e diatomáceas dulciaquícolas, indicando ambientes lênticos. Restos de vegetais como folhas, frutos e sementes, preservados na forma de impressões, compressões e adpressões indicam associações fossilíferas compostas por dicotiledôneas, fungos, algas e pteridófitas. O presente estudo tem como objetivo a análise da paleoflora do Paleolago Cemitério, visando a reconstrução das paleocomunidades, a determinação das condições paleoambientais e paleoclimáticas vigentes na região durante o Pleistoceno e o entendimento da origem e/ou evolução do Bioma Cerrado. As análises do material ocorreram através de microscopia de fluorescência, polínica e geoquímica, identificação taxonômica e uso da metodologia de Análise de Margem Foliar (LMA) e do Método de Coexistência (CA), os quais auxiliaram na caracterização do paleoclima sob o qual a flora fóssil teria vivido. Os resultados indicaram a existência de fogo pretérito pela presença de fusenita impregnada ao material orgânico das amostras, a presença de mata de galeria no em torno do paleolago, bem como demonstraram que as temperaturas eram diferentes das que ocorrem hoje para a região. Essa flora fóssil representa uma composição vegetacional única, uma vez que não há, atualmente, total congruência na distribuição dos táxons analisados para a região, como acontecia no passado. Por fim, o fogo parece ter tido um papel importante nos ecossistemas pretéritos da região como ainda o tem hoje no “Bioma Cerrado”. / The outcrop Cemetery Paleolake is situated at the phosphate mina of Ultrafértil Mining Company, in the Catalão city, Goiás State, in the Central region of the Brazil. The deposit was arisen from a filled depression in central part of the Carbonatitic Complex of Catalão I, where lacustrine sediments are settled on carbonatitic magmatics rocks of the Late Cretaceous age. The accumulation of freshwater diatom frustules and sponges spicules generated thick diatomite, in which are founded fossil plant remains, composed of leaves mainly. This lacustrine deposit has been considered as begin during the Late Pleistocene interval in which the fossil vegetal remains caracterize a local paleoflora in a region today ocupied by Cerrado. The micropaleontological contends in the spongilit brought freswater spongs and diatomace, showed lentic enviromental. Plants remains as leaves, fruits and seeds were preserveds as impressions, compressions and adpressions in fossiliferous assemblages compunds by dicotiledoneous, fungis, algae and pteridophytes. The goal of this approach is the analyses of the Cemetery Paleolake paleoflora looking for the paleocomunities reconstruction, the paleoenviromental and the determination of paleoclimatics conditions in the Central part of Brazil, during Pleistocene, and know of the origin /evolution of the Cerrado Biome. Material analyses were made throught fluorescence microscopy, pollinic and geochmistry, taxomomic identification, Leaf Margen Analysis (LMA) and Coexistence Approach (CA), which helped to characterize the paleoclima to that time. Results indicated the existence of preterite fire, throught fusenite impregnance on the organical material in the samples, the existence of a galery forest around the paleolake, as well showed that temperatures were diferent from nowadays. This fossil flora represent an only vegetacional composition, once today is not possible found the same plants distribution in that region like use to be happen in the past. Finaly, the fire seems like had been an important factor in the preterite ecossistems on the region, as yet happen today in the Cerrado Biome.