Since the 1990s, the number of courses of Spanish for Specific Purposes (SSP), especially Business Spanish, has increased rapidly in institutions of higher education in the U.S. Ideally, the design of these courses is based both on an analysis of the learners’ needs and on a specific business-related purpose. However, instructors of Business Spanish may not be specialists in this area and may lack the means or the time to perform a needs analysis (NA) to prepare the course syllabus and materials. Consequently, choosing the Business Spanish textbook ends up being the first step in designing the course, and for the reasons stated above, this choice tends to be based on the instructor’s needs rather than those of the learners. In this dissertation, I subjected four Business Spanish textbooks to an in-depth analysis (Littlejohn, 1998) in three stages. This analysis includes their approach to specificity (from narrow to wide), and how the business-related learners’ needs (language- and skill-based) are addressed. Results from these four analyses reveal that the authors adapted four different language teaching approaches and methods. Their wide-angled approach to specificity and different viewpoints of the target learners’ business-related needs are based on (1) their beliefs on the nature of language and language teaching, (2) the position of the course in the macro curriculum (macro-specific purpose), and (3) their respective target audiences. A two-step evaluation of Business Spanish textbooks is recommended to instructors based on the macro-specific purpose of their courses and the micro-specific purposes of communicative activities.

Elicited Imitation (EI) is an assessment approach that uses sentence imitation tasks to gauge the oral proficiency level of test takers. EI tests have been created for several of the world's languages, including English, Spanish, Japanese, French, and Mandarin. Little research has been conducted for using the EI approach with learners of Russian. This dissertation describes a multi-faceted study that was presented in two journal articles for the creation and analysis of a Russian EI test. The EI test was created for and tested with Russian-speaking missionaries and employees at the Missionary Training Center (MTC) in Provo, UT. The first article describes the creation of the test and analyzes its ability to predict oral language proficiency by comparing individuals' scores on the EI to their scores on the Oral Proficiency Interview (OPI). The test was found to effectively predict an individual's OPI score (R2 = .86). The second article analyzes the difference in person ability estimates and item difficulty measures between items from a general content bank and a religious content bank. The mean score for the content specific items (x̄ = .51) was significantly higher than the mean score for the general test (x̄ = .44, p < 0.001). Additionally, the item difficulties for the religious items were significantly less than the item difficulties for the general items (p < 0.05).

<p>Doktorska disertacija &bdquo;Nov model stručnog usavr&scaron;avanja profesora poslovnog engleskog jezika u Srbiji: teorijski, metodolo&scaron;ki i praktični aspekti&rdquo; bavi se stručnim usavr&scaron;avanjem profesora poslovnog engleskog jezika u Srbiji. Cilj je upoznavanje profesora, ali i ostalih učesnika u obrazovanju sa savremenim teorijskim istraživanjima i kretanjima u nastavnoj praksi iz oblasti poslovnog engleskog jezika i stručnom usavr&scaron;avanju profesora, te uzimajući u obzir aktuelno stanje u Srbiji u tom pogledu, autorka takođe nastoji da ponudi nov model stručnog usavr&scaron;avanja profesora poslovnog engleskog jezika, koji će se zasnivati na savremenim shvatanjima procesa usavr&scaron;avanja, ali će odgovarati i potrebama i radnim prilikama profesora.<br />Nakon uvodnog poglavlja, koje sadrži opis ciljeva, metoda i tehnika istraživanja, pregled relevantne literature i prikaz organizacije izlaganja, naredna četiri poglavlja predstavljaju teorijski okvir disertacije. U drugom poglavlju opisani su pojmovi u vezi sa jezikom struke i poslovnim engleskim jezikom, dat je uvid u razvoj ovih oblasti i njihove karakteristike, te su povučene sličnosti i razlike između poslovnog i op&scaron;teg engleskog jezika.<br />U trećem poglavlju predstavljen je profil profesora u kontekstu nastave poslovnog engleskog jezika. Na osnovu postojeće literature detaljno su opisane uloge i kompetencije profesora u pogledu poznavanja stručne discipline, analize potreba, kreiranja kursa, odabira i produkcije materijala i evaluacije.<br />Četvrto poglavlje bavi se profilom profesora poslovnog engleskog jezika u okviru savremenog poimanja nastave uop&scaron;te. Tu je opisan razvoj pojma nastavničkog znanja i prikazan je model nastavničkih kompetencija koji je nastao u okviru obrazovnog sistema u Srbiji. Takođe, dat je osvrt na karakteristike ličnosti uspe&scaron;nog i kompetentnog profesora.</p><p>Predmet petog poglavlja jesu pojam i karakteristike stručnog usavr&scaron;avanja profesora, sa posebnim naglaskom na usavr&scaron;avanje profesora poslovnog engleskog jezika. U ovom poglavlju takođe je predstavljeno aktuelno stanje u Srbiji u pogledu učenja poslovnog engleskog jezika i stručnog usavr&scaron;avanja.<br />&Scaron;esto poglavlje sadrži opis organizacije i rezultate empirijskog istraživanja sprovedenog tokom 2014. i 2015. godine sa profesorima poslovnog engleskog jezika i polaznicima kurseva poslovnog engleskog jezika u Srbiji. Putem anketnih upitnika i intervjua, profesori su pružili uvid u svoja shvatanja, stavove, potrebe i očekivanja u vezi sa stručnim usavr&scaron;avanjem, a polaznici u vezi sa potrebama i očekivanjima u kontekstu nastave, uloga i kompetencija profesora. Dobijeni rezultati su detaljno analizirani i protumačeni u svetlu savremene teorije i prakse.<br />U sedmom poglavlju predstavljeni su op&scaron;ti zaključci proistekli iz istraživanja i dat je predlog modela stručnog usavr&scaron;avanja profesora poslovnog engleskog jezika u Srbiji.</p> / <p>The doctoral thesis &ldquo;A New Model of Professional Development of Business English Teachers in Serbia: Theoretical, Methodological and Practical Aspects&rdquo; deals with the professional development of Business English Teachers in Serbia. It aims at introducing teachers and other interested parties from the field of education with current research and trends in teaching practice regarding Business English and professional development of teachers. Taking into account the current state of these two fields in Serbia, the author also proposes a new model of professional development of Business English teachers, which draws on contemporary views of the process of professional development and also meets the needs and fits the working environment of the teachers.<br />Following the introductory chapter, which offers the description of the aims, methods and techniques employed in this research, the overview of relevant literature as well as the thesis structure, the next four chapters represent a theoretical framework within which the research has been undertaken. The second chapter introduces the main concepts related to the language for specific purposes and Business English, shows the development of these two fields, draws similarities and explores differences between Business English and General English.<br />The third chapter provides a description of the teacher profile within the Business English context. Based on findings in the literature, the author describes Business English teacher roles and competences in terms of knowledge of the specialist subject, needs analysis, course design, material selection and production, and evaluation.</p><p>The fourth chapter addresses the teacher profile within the contemporary understanding of the teaching practice in general. It shows the development of the concept of teaching knowledge and presents a framework of teacher competences that has been created within the educational system in Serbia. At the end of the chapter, the author briefly touches upon the subject of personality features of successful and competent teachers.<br />The fifth chapter outlines the main concepts and features of the field of teachers&rsquo; professional development and particularly focuses on the professional development of Business English teachers. It then proceeds with a description of the current situation in Serbia regarding learning and teaching Business English, as well as that of professional development of Business English teachers.<br />The sixth chapter offers a thorough description of the organization and results of the empirical research conducted with Business English teachers and students in Serbia during 2014 and 2015. By employing a survey and an interview as research instruments, the teachers gave an insight into their attitudes, views, needs and expectations regarding professional development, and the students revealed their needs and expectations regarding Business English classes, teacher roles and competences. The findings have been analysed in detail and interpreted within the framework of contemporary teaching theory and practice.<br />The seventh chapter presents the general conclusions that have been drawn from the empirical research and contains the author&rsquo;s proposal of the model of professional development of Business English teachers in Serbia.</p>

The thesis deals with different aspects of nominal collocations in Italian legislation, respectively in the Italian Civil Code (codice civile). The introductory part focuses on theory and is divided into two areas. The first area covers the most important legal and linguistic issues of the language of law and its lexical means. The description of individual legal texts according to their functional styles is drawn from an analysis of individual functions of law as a complex social phenomenon. The practical part of the thesis focuses on three groups of issues. First, all excerpts were subject to the grammatical, syntactic and conceptual analyses. The second and third chapters deal with an analysis of the main issues from the perspective of translation and lexicography respectively. Special attention is paid to the existence or absence of an identical concept in both the Italian and Czech legal systems, differences in the content and scope of related concepts and potential equivalents.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T20:25:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 1681.pdf: 9469748 bytes, checksum: c338529cfdda9ab66d63e87dd75ae7ab (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-01-09 / This study presents a comparison of the English as a Foreign Language courses offered at two companies. Our purpose is to evaluate what is the treatment of the language use specificities in these companies employees peformance of their functions in their daily work routine. We discuss the key role of needs analysis in the design of effective LSP courses, as stated by Hutchinson and Waters (1984, 1987) and Dudley-Evans and St John (1998), among other reserchers in the field. Our data analysis shows how important it is that professionals who decide to work in this area search for solid theoretical information on this fruitful and progressive branch of EFL/ESL, more specifically. Our study can provide initial theoretical basis for those language teachers, especially the ones working with EFL,who wish to be introduced or to obtain / Este estudo objetiva comparar os cursos de inglês de duas empresas a fim de avaliar qual o tratamento dado às especificidades de uso da língua no desempenho das funções de seus funcionários-alunos em suas rotinas de trabalho. Embasados, principalmente, nos achados de Hutchinson e Waters (1984, 1987) e Dudley-Evans e St John (1998), discutimos a relevância da análise de necessidades como instrumento essencial para o planejamento de um curso para propósitos específicos mais adequado às necessidades e aos interesses de um público-alvo. A análise de dados mostra a importância que o conhecimento teórico sobre o ensino de línguas para propósitos específicos tem no trabalho de profissionais que se propõem a atuar nessa, fértil e crescente, área do ensino de línguas. Esta pesquisa pode ser utilizada como um embasamento teórico inicial para professores de língua estrangeira, sobretudo língua inglesa, que queiram conhecer ou saber mais a respeito do planejamento de um curso para propósitos específicos.

Notre projet de thèse consiste à étudier la terminologie maritime spécialisée dans deux pays du Moyen-Orient, la Syrie et le Liban. Il retrace l'histoire générale de la terminologie et son rôle dans les pays arabes en général, et en Syrie et au Liban en particulier. Ce travail montre que l'évolution des sciences maritimes a fait émerger beaucoup de nouveaux termes pour désigner les nouvelles réalités et découvertes. Mais les langues ne disposent pas de mêmes outils pour répondre aux défis scientifiques, et l'arabe se montre défaillant face à la prolifération de tous ces nouveaux termes. On discute des problèmes du terme scientifique arabe face à l'avancée des anglicismes dans les domaines scientifiques. La langue arabe crée des mots par des modes de créations lexicales conventionnels, alors que ses termes scientifiques sont majoritairement créés par calque ou traduction d'autres langues comme l'anglais ou le français. La recherche conduite en Syrie et au Liban a permis d'élaborer une comparaison sur l'enseignement des matières scientifiques, et de tirer des conclusions dans le but d'améliorer l'enseignement en Syrie. Dans ce travail, une centaine de fiches terminologiques de termes maritimes sont élaborées pour aider les traducteurs et les terminologues. Nous envisageons de partir de cette recherche pour préparer notre futur projet, un glossaire maritime trilingue (français, anglais, arabe) qui englobe les différents termes des activités maritimes. / Our thesis project is to study maritime specialized terminology in two countries of the Middle East, Syria and Lebanon. It traces the general history of the language and its role in the Arab countries in general and in Syria and Lebanon in particular. This work shows that the evolution of marine sciences has given rise to many new words for the new realities and discoveries. But languages do not have the same tools to meet the scientific challenges, and Arabic shows failed facing the proliferation of all these new terms. It discusses the problems of the Arab scientific term deal with the advance of anglicisms in scientific fields. Arabic creates words by conventional modes of lexical creations, while its scientific terms are mostly created by layer or translation of other languages such as English or French. Research in Syria and Lebanon helped develop a comparison on the teaching of science subjects, and draw conclusions in order to improve education in Syria. In this work, a hundred of terminology records of maritime terms are designed to help translators and terminologists. We have the idea of taking ground on this research to prepare our future project, a trilingual maritime glossary (English, French, Arabic) that encompasses the different terms of maritime activities.

L’objet de cette thèse est de préparer un dictionnaire de médecine vétérinaire français-roumain et roumain-français. A cette fin, dans une première étape, nous avons étudié les méthodes employées au fil du temps par les maîtres de la terminologie. Nos méthodes de travail ont été offertes par nos collègues plus expérimentés et par les normes ISO de terminologie. Ainsi, nos recherches se sont constituées dans un essai de modélisation du travail terminologique, au cours de la recherche des meilleures méthodes. Dans une deuxième étape, nous avons constitué un corpus de recherche, en se basant sur les méthodes de la linguistique de corpus. Nous avons constitué un corpus de 2193 thèses de doctorat vétérinaires VeThèses des 11 années (1998-2008) des quatre écoles vétérinaires françaises, des thèses disponibles en format numérique, autour du thème des vertébrés domestiques. L’étape de dépouillement terminologique a compris aussi un essai de systématisation des termes. Les résultats de ce travail sur le corpus se sont constitués dans une nomenclature et la base de données VeTerm. / The purpose of this thesis is to prepare a French-Romanian / Romanian-French dictionary of veterinary medicine. In order to achieve this purpose, a first step was to study the methods used over time by the masters of the language. Our work methods have been offered by our more experienced colleagues and the ISO terminology norms. Thus, our research consisted in an essay to modeling the terminology work, on the way to find the best methods. In a second step, we established a research corpus, based on the methods of corpus linguistics. We have assembled a corpus of 2193 veterinary theses from 11 years (1998-2008) of the four French veterinary schools - VeThèses, on the theme of domestic vertebrates, theses available in digitized format. The term extraction step includes an essay to systematize the terms. The results of this work on the corpus formed a nomenclature and the VeTerm database. We plan to continue the researches in the direction of creating an ontology of the veterinary field, in order to create a dictionary of veterinary medicine that covers this field as best possible.

Dans cette thèse, nous menons une réflexion sur les notions de norme(s) et d’usage(s) langagiers dans le cadre du domaine du contrôle aérien. Ce domaine offre l’exemple parfait de la mise en œuvre d’une norme langagière : la "phraséologie" aéronautique, le langage opératif censé permettre des communications sûres et efficaces entre pilotes et contrôleurs, lors des situations les plus courantes. Lorsque la phraséologie ne suffit pas, ces derniers ont recours à une forme langagière plus naturelle, le "plain language". De nombreux problèmes relatifs à la mise en œuvre de ce dernier ont rapidement vu le jour et ont suscité des interrogations, notamment chez les professionnels de l’enseignement de l’anglais de l’aviation. Pour répondre aux besoins spécifiques de l’ENAC, cette thèse dresse un panorama des usages faits de la langue anglaise par les contrôleurs français et les pilotes étrangers lors de leurs communications radiotéléphoniques. Notre méthode d’analyse consiste en une étude comparative entre un corpus de référence, représentant la norme, et un corpus de communications réelles, représentant les usages. Cette analyse comparative nous permet de repérer, de décrire et de catégoriser les formes langagières employées lors de situations routinières de la navigation aérienne. Certaines différences sont ainsi repérées entre les deux corpus. En fonction de la situation, les pilotes et les contrôleurs peuvent procéder à des variations d’ordre lexical, sémantique, syntaxique et discursif. Alors que certains semblent subir l’influence de la langue naturelle, d’autres semblent mettre en œuvre une stratégie communicationnelle pour tenter d’"humaniser" ou de modaliser le contenu de leurs messages. / This thesis is a reflection upon the notions of linguistic norm(s) and usage(s) within the domain of Air Traffic Control. This domain provides a prime example of an established linguistic norm: that of “phraseology”, the controlled language used between pilots and controllers to optimise and secure their most frequent communications. If pilots and controllers do not speak the same language, the phraseology used is then based on English. Whenever the limits of phraseology are reached, pilots and controllers revert to a more natural form of language which has only recently been described in this domain: plain language. However, several problems relating to the implementation of plain language and phraseology have been identified by professional Aviation English teachers. To meet the needs of the French civil aviation university (ENAC), a survey of the different uses of the English language by French controllers and international pilots is presented. The method of analysis consists in a comparative study between two corpora: one representing the prescribed norm and the other corresponding to real pilot-controller communications. This comparative analysis allows the description and categorization of the different types of languages used on the frequency in air navigation typical situations. Some differences are found between the two corpora. Depending on the situation, pilots and controllers’ messages can indeed vary from a lexical, semantic or syntactic and discursive point of view. Some variations reflect the influence of natural language on the speakers while others can be considered as a strategy to “humanise” radiotelephony communications.

This thesis reports on a meta-analysis of the most relevant employabilitycompetencies to foster refugees’ labour integration which may be potentiallyleveraged through a target language for specific purposes (LSP)MOOCsyllabus. Italso suggests to group the thus identified employability competencies into threecategories tofurther supportLSPMOOC syllabus design and implementation.Themethodology of meta-analysis was based on Cooper’s (2017) five-stage model andguided by exploratory data analysis (EDA) of a dedicated research corpus that wasspecifically tailored for this study. Three data mining tools were used to performnatural language pre-processing and pattern extraction, directed by key terms(employability, competency, competencies, skill, ability, abilities, vocational,refugee,andlabour) used in various query combinations and limiters. IterativeEDApost-processing of metadata generated by these tools, based ontheoretical andsemantic sorting and integration, led to 21 re-aggregated clusters of employabilitycompetencies and the suggested categories for grouping them.The present studyshows that the broader capillarity of data and text mining tools, as well as ofEDA,can contribute toa more encompassing view of employability competencies and oftheLSP as a tool-competency, hence to a greater capillarity ofcompetency-basedVET(Vocational Education and Training) syllabus design, particularly the proposedinnovative type ofLSPMOOC syllabus. / <p>Examination Seminar held by Zoom given that it was a Distance Programme</p>

TITLE: Practice Enterprise as a Way of Acquiring Foreign Languages AUTHOR: Simona Pecková DEPARTMENT: Department of the French Language and Literature SUPERVISOR: Dr.PhDr. Renáta Listíková, MCF ABSTRACT: The thesis deals with the potential that the subject called practice enterprise represents for acquisition of foreign languages. The aim of the work is to carry out a survey of the present situation, to find about the pupils' level of business language and also to discover what their attitude to the practice enterprise and their motivation to study foreign languages are. By focussing the language instruction on working life, we want to enhance their competitiveness on the labour market. Quantitative research methods are combined here with qualitative ones. Concerning the tools of research, we used didactic test, questionnaire, interview and focus group. We have found out that the practice enterprise has a positive influence on students' level of foreign languages. However, no connection between practice enterprise and pupils' attitude to foreign languages and their motivation to study them has been proved. In order to take a bigger advantage of the potential of practice enterprise as a means to acquire foreign languages, we recommend a bigger and a more systematic integration of language instruction into...