The rapid depletion of hydrocarbon fields around the world has led the industry to search for these resources in ever increasing water depths. In this context, the large diameter (D > 100mm) vertical riser has become a subject of great interest. In this research work, a major investigation was undertaken to determine the two phase flow hydrodynamics in a 254mm vertical riser. Two types of experiments were performed for range of air-water superficial velocities. The first experimental campaign addresses the issue of the two gas injector’s performances (conventional vs. novel design gas injector) in the large diameter vertical riser. The experimental results show that the novel design gas injector should be the preferential choice. The second set of the experimental work investigates the two phase flow hydrodynamics in the vertical riser in detail. The two phase flow patterns and their transitions were identified by combination of visual observations and statistical features. Based on the results, the experimental flow regime map was developed and compared with the existing vertical upflow regime maps/models. None of the flow regime transition models adequately predicted the flow regimes transitions in large diameter vertical risers as a whole. In this regard, the Taitel et al. (1980) bubble to slug flow transition model has been modified for large diameter vertical upflow conditions, based on the physical mechanism observed. The general trends of modified criteria agreed well with the current and other large diameter experimental results. The effect of upstream conditions on the vertical riser flow behaviour was also investigated in detail by two different inlet configurations (i) near riser base injection and (ii) upstream flowline injection. It was found that no significant differences exist in flow behaviour at low air-water superficial velocities for both the inlet configuration, at high air-water superficial velocities, the intermittent flow behavior in flowline influences the riser flow pattern characteristics and thereby controls the riser dynamics. It is found that liquid slugs from the flowline naturally dissipate to some extent in the riser as a consequence of compression of succeeding bubble that rapidly expands and break through the liquid slug preceding it when it enters the riser. The experimental work corroborates the general consensus that slug flow does not exist in large diameter vertical upflow condition. Experimental data has been further compared to increase the confidence on the existing two phase flow knowledge on large diameter vertical riser: (a) by comparing with other experimental studies on large diameter vertical upflow in which generally, a good agreement was found, (b) by assessing the predictive capability of void fraction correlations/pressure gradient methods. The important implication of this assessment is that the mechanistic approach based on specific flow regime in determining the void fraction and pressure gradient is more successful than conventional empirical based approaches. The assessment also proposes a proposed set a of flow regime specific correlations that recommends void fraction correlations based on their performances in the individual flow regimes. Finally, a numerical model to study the hydrodynamic behaviour in the large diameter horizontal flowline-vertical riser system is developed using multiphase flow simulator OLGA. The simulated results show satisfactory agreement for the stable flows while discrepancies were noted for highly intermittent flows. The real time boundary application was partially successful in qualitatively reproducing the trends. The discrepancies between the predicted results and experimental data are likely to be related to the incorrect closure relations used based on incorrect flow regimes predictions. The existence of the multiple roots in the OLGA code is also reported for the first time.

The rapid depletion of hydrocarbon fields around the world has led the industry to search for these resources in ever increasing water depths. In this context, the large diameter (D > 100mm) vertical riser has become a subject of great interest. In this research work, a major investigation was undertaken to determine the two phase flow hydrodynamics in a 254mm vertical riser. Two types of experiments were performed for range of air-water superficial velocities. The first experimental campaign addresses the issue of the two gas injector’s performances (conventional vs. novel design gas injector) in the large diameter vertical riser. The experimental results show that the novel design gas injector should be the preferential choice. The second set of the experimental work investigates the two phase flow hydrodynamics in the vertical riser in detail. The two phase flow patterns and their transitions were identified by combination of visual observations and statistical features. Based on the results, the experimental flow regime map was developed and compared with the existing vertical upflow regime maps/models. None of the flow regime transition models adequately predicted the flow regimes transitions in large diameter vertical risers as a whole. In this regard, the Taitel et al. (1980) bubble to slug flow transition model has been modified for large diameter vertical upflow conditions, based on the physical mechanism observed. The general trends of modified criteria agreed well with the current and other large diameter experimental results. The effect of upstream conditions on the vertical riser flow behaviour was also investigated in detail by two different inlet configurations (i) near riser base injection and (ii) upstream flowline injection. It was found that no significant differences exist in flow behaviour at low air-water superficial velocities for both the inlet configuration, at high air-water superficial velocities, the intermittent flow behavior in flowline influences the riser flow pattern characteristics and thereby controls the riser dynamics. It is found that liquid slugs from the flowline naturally dissipate to some extent in the riser as a consequence of compression of succeeding bubble that rapidly expands and break through the liquid slug preceding it when it enters the riser. The experimental work corroborates the general consensus that slug flow does not exist in large diameter vertical upflow condition. Experimental data has been further compared to increase the confidence on the existing two phase flow knowledge on large diameter vertical riser: (a) by comparing with other experimental studies on large diameter vertical upflow in which generally, a good agreement was found, (b) by assessing the predictive capability of void fraction correlations/pressure gradient methods. The important implication of this assessment is that the mechanistic approach based on specific flow regime in determining the void fraction and pressure gradient is more successful than conventional empirical based approaches. The assessment also proposes a proposed set a of flow regime specific correlations that recommends void fraction correlations based on their performances in the individual flow regimes. Finally, a numerical model to study the hydrodynamic behaviour in the large diameter horizontal flowline-vertical riser system is developed using multiphase flow simulator OLGA. The simulated results show satisfactory agreement for the stable flows while discrepancies were noted for highly intermittent flows. The real time boundary application was partially successful in qualitatively reproducing the trends. The discrepancies between the predicted results and experimental data are likely to be related to the incorrect closure relations used based on incorrect flow regimes predictions. The existence of the multiple roots in the OLGA code is also reported for the first time.

Este trabalho apresenta resultados de provas de carga em tubulões a céu aberto, com o monitoramento do teor de umidade através do processo de tradagem, a cada metro, até uma profundidade de 9,0 m, em um maciço de solo não-saturado e colapsível, representativo da região centro-oeste do interior do Estado de São Paulo. Ao todo, realizaram-se dez provas de carga, no Campo Experimental de Fundações da EESC/USP, com e sem inundação do terreno, com carregamento do fuste, foram introduzidas placas de isopor (E.P.S) a fim de, durante a realização dos ensaios, obter separadamente as parcelas de resistência de base e por atrito lateral. A partir dos dados obtidos, procedeu-se uma análise da influência da pressão de sucção, da inundação do terreno e do intervalo de tempo entre a escavação e os outros dois, concretados logo após a etapa de escavação. Observou-se que a sucção tem um efeito importante no comportamento dos tubulões a céu aberto: com o aumento da sucção maiores se tornam as resistências de base e por atrito lateral. Consequentemente, a influência do colapso apresenta-se mais significativa com o aumento da pressão de sucção. / This work presents results of static load tests, in large diameter bored piles, with measurements of soil moisture content in an unsatured collapsible soil, considered as representative of the middle - west region of the State of São Paulo, Brazil. Ten load tests were performed at Foundation Experimental Field of the EESC/USP, with and without wetting of the pit and the with quick maintained load (QML). In the large diameter bored piles were introduction, between the base and the shaft, an layer of \"isopor\", to separate the skin friction and the base resistance, during the static load tests. The gathered data allowed an assessment of the influence the soil suction, of the soil soaking and the effect between excavation and concrete in the behaviour these isolate elements of foundation.

Objetivou-se estudar o comportamento de estacas escavadas de grande diâmetro em uma obra de um Shopping Center na cidade de São Paulo. As estacas foram submetidas a carregamentos axiais de compressão, sendo que as estacas foram instrumentadas em profundidade. Utilizou-se de teorias amplamente conhecidas no meio técnico com o propósito de interpretar as curvas carga vs recalque, obtendo-se resultados como os diagramas de transferência de carga ao longo do fuste e atrito lateral unitário, gráficos do produto ES das estacas ensaiadas, gráficos de rigidez das estacas e as duas relações modificadas de Cambefort. O presente trabalho visa conseguir parâmetros que pudessem proporcionar uma redução no comprimento das estacas em obra e apresentar resultados que auxiliem os projetistas no dimensionamento de fundações usando-se estacas escavadas de grande diâmetro, sempre tendo cuidado e critério na extrapolação dos resultados em solos diferentes dos apresentados aqui. / The objective of this Msc Thesis is to study the behavior of large diameter drilled pile in the construction of a shopping mall in Sao Paulo. The piles were subjected to axial compression loads and instrumented in depth. Widely known theories were used to interpret load vs settlement curves, obtaining such results as transfer loads diagrams along the shaft and lateral friction unit, ES product and stiffness grafics of tested piles and two modified Cambefort Laws. This paper aims to achieve parameters that will allow a reduction in pile lengths and to present results that will aid designers in the design of large diameter drilled pile, provided that the needed care is taken when extrapolating results to soils of different geological origins from those presented here.

La dégénérescence articulaire sévère de la hanche est une pathologie fréquente et son traitement ultime est le remplacement prothétique. L’arthroplastie la plus répandue au monde est la prothèse totale de hanche (PTH) avec un couple de frottement métal-sur-polyéthylène (MPE). Cependant ce type d’intervention présente une longévité limitée à cause de l’usure de PE et ne convient pas aux patients actifs souffrant de coxarthrose sévère tôt dans leur vie. Afin de palier à ce problème, une nouvelle génération de surfaces de frottement métal-sur-métal (MM) est actuellement employée. Ces surfaces de frottement sont utilisées en PTH avec tête de 28 mm, en resurfaçage (RH) et avec la PTH à tête de grand diamètre. Alors qu’il y a beaucoup d’évidence à l’égard du bon fonctionnement des implants PTH 28 mm et du RH, les données quant aux performances in vivo des PTH MM à grand diamètre manquent. Malgré cela, ces implants sont utilisés à grande échelle. Dans un premier temps, l’objectif de ce travail de recherche était d’évaluer l’effet et de comparer les taux d’ions chrome (Cr) et cobalt (Co) chez des sujets porteurs de PTH MM à grand diamètre à ceux de 64 porteurs de RH, tous deux possédant des surfaces de frottement aux propriétés tribologiques identiques. Dans un deuxième temps, nous avons comparé les taux ioniques (Cr, Co et titane (Ti)) entre quatre PTH MM à grand diamètre provenant de fabricants différents (Zimmer, DePuy, Smith & Nephew et Biomet). Les mesures d’ions étaient effectuées dans le sang entier dans un laboratoire indépendant par la technique de spectrophotométrie de masse à haute résolution HR-ICP-MS, pour l’ensemble de ce travail de recherche. Les deux comparaisons ont démontré le rôle crucial joué par la modularité au niveau de la jonction tête-col des PTH MM à grand diamètre. En effet, des écarts considérables dans les concentrations ioniques de Co ont été retrouvés entre les RH et PTH Durom ayant un couple de frottement identique, ainsi qu’entre les 4 différents designs de PTH MM à grand diamètre comparés entre eux. La PTH MM à grand diamètre Durom était la moins favorable alors que celle de Biomet était la plus performante. Nos observations démontrent que des sources inattendues comme la jonction tête-col de certains implants PTH MM à grand diamètre peuvent contribuer au relargage ionique systémique. Une meilleure compréhension de ce phénomène est indispensable avant l’utilisation clinque de nouveaux implants de ce type. / The treatment for advanced degenerative hip disease consists in replacing the native joint with artificial implants. This is a very common procedure and the type of arthroplasty most practiced worldwide is metal-on-polyethylene (MOPE) total hip replacement (THR). However, this type of bearing has limited lifespan and is not adapted for active patients struggling with hip osteoarthritis early in their lives. In order to increase implant longevity, new generation, metal-on–metal (MOM) bearing surfaces is used nowadays in this particular population. These MOM bearings are used in 28 mm THR, in resurfacing hip arthroplasty (RH) and in large diameter head THR. Although consistent results have been obtained with the 28 mm THR and RH, large diameter head THR are increasingly used despite lack of scientific data about their performances. The main purpose of our first paper was to compare chromium (Cr) and cobalt (Co) concentrations among patients implanted with large diameter head THR and with RH. In this case, both bearing surfaces presented identical tribological properties. In the second paper, we compared performances in terms of ion release (Cr, Co and titanium (Ti)) from four different manufacturers of large diameter head THR systems (Zimmer, DePuy, Smith & Nephew and Biomet). Whole blood was used for all samples and ion measurements were conducted by an independent laboratory in a blinded fashion, using high-resolution inductive coupled plasma mass spectrophotometry (HR-ICP-MS). Both papers have emphasized the crucial role played by modularity at the head-neck junction in metal ion release from large diameter THR MOM bearings. In fact, significant differences were found in Co ion concentration between large head THR and HRA as well as among the different designs of large head THRs. Briefly, the Durom large head THR system was the least favorable implant while the Biomet large head THR system showed the best results. Our results prove that systemic ion release might origin from surprising sources such as modularity at the head-neck junction in patients implanted with certain large head MOM THR systems. A better comprehension of head-neck junction biomechanics is necessary before clinical use of such new devices.

The thesis focuses on design of 5 - square bridge foundation in Ostrava Svinov including covering of construction pits. The bridge is founded on the groups of drilled large diameter piles. Design and assessment is realized in program GEO 5. The thesis is divided into 6 parts: introduction, geotechnical circumstances, concomitant report, static calculations, technical report and documentation.

This diploma thesis deals with a new built office building in Brno-Husovice. The building is situated in a gap site on the street Dukelská třída. The building has four aboveground floors and underground garages. The ground floor is divided into relaxation area and a commercial section with five shopping units. The second and the third floor are designed as a variable office space. The engine room for ventilation is situated on the fourth floor. Construction system is cast-in-place concrete frame. The building is roofed with the green roofs. Foundations are made of large diameter drilled piles.

Diploma thesis deals with the desing of reinforced two way concrete foundation slab in three variants. In the first variant is slab of constant thickness. In the second variant is haunched slab. In the third variant is slab with piles. The thesis includes a structural design as well as drawings. All calculations were performed in accordance with applicable standards. For the design was used program SCIA Engineer 19.1.

La prothèse totale de la hanche (PTH) avec cupule acétabulaire monobloc et articulation de grand diamètre (LDH) offre une amplitude articulaire supraphysiologique et une stabilité accrue. Reposant sur une fixation primaire par press-fit, l’implantation de ces prothèses sur des cotyles atypiques peut représenter un défi technique. L’objectif principal de ce mémoire est d’évaluer la stabilité de la fixation primaire et secondaire de ces implants lorsqu’utilisés dans un cotyle atypique en première intention ou en révision prothétique. Comme objectif secondaire, nous évaluerons les résultats fonctionnels rapportés par le patient (PROMs) à l’aide de scores validés. Deux séries de cas consécutifs de PTHs LDH monoblocs sur cotyles atypiques ont été évaluées : 125 PTHs primaires et 47 révisions de PTH (rPTH). La mesure d’efficacité primaire était la révision acétabulaire pour toutes causes aseptiques. Les PROMs ont été évalués au dernier suivi avec les scores de Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), Forgotten Joint Score (FJS) et Patient’s Joint Perception (PJP). Une évaluation radiologique à la recherche de signes de descellement aseptique a été complétée au dernier suivi. En PTH primaire, après un suivi moyen de 9,2 ans (2,2-15,8), aucun descellement aseptique de la cupule n’a été identifié. Il y a eu 13 (10,4%) révisions sans lien avec la fixation acétabulaire. En rPTH, après un suivi moyen de 4,5 ans (2,0-13,7), il y a eu 5 (10,6%) ré-révision de la cupule incluant 2 pertes de fixation primaire. Le taux de luxation fut de 0% en PTH primaire et de 8,5% (4/47) en rPTH. Les résultats fonctionnels moyens en PTH primaire et rPTH étaient un WOMAC de 9,2 et 19,5 ainsi qu’un FJS de 80,9 et 57,3, respectivement. Quant au PJP en PTH primaire et en rPTH, respectivement, 49,4% et 8,8% des patients percevaient leurs hanches comme naturelle, 19,1% et 23,5% comme une articulation artificielle sans restriction tandis que 31,5% et 67,7% rapportaient un certain degré de restriction. Lorsqu’utilisés par des opérateurs expérimentés sur cotyles présentant un défi de fixation primaire, les cupules monoblocs LDH sont des options intéressantes offrant un faible taux de révision et de complication ainsi que d’excellents résultats cliniques à moyen terme. / Total hip arthroplasty (THA) with monobloc acetabular cup with large diameter bearing (LDH) offers supraphysiologic range of motion and increased stability. Relying on primary press-fit fixation, implantation of these prostheses on atypical acetabula can represent a technical challenge. The main objective of this thesis is to evaluate the stability of primary and secondary fixation of these implants on atypical acetabula in first intention or prosthetic revision. As a secondary objective, we will assess the mid-term clinical results using validated patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs). Two consecutive case series of monobloc LDH THA with atypical acetabula were evaluated: 125 THAs and 47 revisions THA (rTHA). The primary efficacy measure was acetabular revision for all aseptic causes. PROMs were assessed at last follow-up with the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), Forgotten Joint Score (FJS) and Patient’s Joint Perception question (PJP). A radiological evaluation assessing for signs of aseptic loosening was completed at last follow-up. In primary THA, after a mean follow-up of 9,2 years (2,2-15,8), no aseptic loosening of the acetabular cup was identified. There were 13 (10,4%) revisions unrelated to acetabular fixation. In rTHA, after a mean follow-up of 4,5 years (2,0-13,7), there were 5 (10,6%) cup re-revisions: 2 loss of primary fixation and 3 recurrent instabilities. The dislocation rate in primary THA was 0% and 8,5% (4/47) in rTHA. The average functional scores in primary THA and rTHA were a WOMAC of 9,2 and 19,5 and a FJS of 80,9 and 57,3, respectively. As for PJP in primary THA and rTHA, respectively, 49,4% and 8,8% of patients perceived their hip as natural, 19,1% and 23,5% as an unrestricted artificial joint while 31,5% and 67,7% reported some degree of restriction. When used by experienced operators on acetabula presenting a technical challenge for primary fixation, LDH monoblocs cups are attractive options offering low revision and complication rates and excellent mid-term clinical results.

The master thesis deals with a conception and realization of a constructional and technological project of new manufacturing and administrative hall Hydraulics s.r.o. The thesis studies the realization of the major technological constructing stages of the building. It also covers projects of the construction site, the time schedule, the plan of the main building machines and mechanisms and the budget. Furthermore, the master thesis solves technological regulations for foundations made with bored piles, the budget according to THU including the check plan, the test plan and the safety plan. Also, the assessment of the construction composition is attached.