The Yorkshire Dales National Park contains some of the UK’s most extensive and well-preserved prehistoric landscapes. Of particular interest are a number of coaxial field systems, which cover hundreds of hectares and exhibit significant time-depth, yet remain little studied and poorly understood in relation to comparable resources elsewhere in Britain and north western Europe. This research aims to address this situation, bringing together existing disparate source materials for the first time, alongside supplementary field observation, to develop a detailed record of the coaxial landscapes. Using a Geographic Information System to manage, interpret and interrogate the combined datasets, analysis focuses on form and character, and explores prehistoric use of the iconic landscape. The study seeks to enhance our knowledge and understanding of the landscapes’ place in space and time, setting them against the backdrop of systems elsewhere, and attempts to place them within the context of later prehistoric society. The research, conducted in association with the Yorkshire Dales National Park Authority, also informs the management and public understanding of the archaeological resource of the Dales via the Historic Environment Record. / Arts and Humanities Research Council Collaborative Doctoral Award.

<p> Crosscutting all of the major lithologies of the Jaffray-Melick area are numerous sharply discordant late synkinematic and post kinematic minor intrusions. In terms of field relationships, petrography and geochemistry, these intrusions may be subdivided into four main Groups: Group 1 Undeformed suite of microgranites, layered pegmatitic-microgranitic mixed intrusives and granite pegmatites. </p> <p> Group 2 Deformed suite of microgranites, mixed intrusives and pegmatites very similar to the above Group 1. </p> <p> Group 3 Deformed microgranodioritic to microgranitic intrusives temporally associated with the Group 2 suite. </p> <p> Group 4 Deformed microgranodioritic intrusions which are chemicaly and morphologicaly distinct from the above 3 Groups. </p> <p> The form of the intrusives is usually dike like, as they commonly intrude along preformed joint surfaces. Analysis of the orientation of these surfaces for the undeformed Group 1 dikes combined with observations on dike distribution suggests that the emplacement of the dikes was controlled by structures developed by intrusion of the elliptical Dalles body. </p> <p> Comparison of the geochemical data on the late intrusives with analyses of one phase of the Dalles intrusion, suggests that the source melt for the Groups 1-3 dikes was a residual phase of the large Dalles body. The chemical differences between these groups, which are not large, could have developed due to polybaric fractionation of the residual phase induced by rapid pressure loss associated with the emplacement of the dikes. </p> <p> Once expelled from source area, the undersaturated, granitic melt became strongly enriched in volatiles due to a process of along dike accretional crystallization. In this way the pegmatite intimately associated with the microgranites was formed. </p> <p> Fig. 1 Groups 1 and 2 dikes on outcrop. </p> / Thesis / Bachelor of Science (BSc)

The relationship between Erasmus of Rotterdam and the religious movement called the Devotio Moderna, especially the latter's relevance to Erasmian piety, has been a somewhat contentious historiographical issue. This thesis examines that relationship, and asserts that the Devotio Moderna was a crucial formative aspect of Erasmus' religiosity. However, its relevance ought not be overstated, due to the humanist's significant developments away from his spiritual forerunners.

Research on anxiety in oldest-old individuals is scarce. Specifically, incidence studies based on large community samples are lacking. The objective of this study is to assess age- and gender-specific incidence rates in a large sample of oldest-old individuals and to identify potential risk factors. The study included data from N = 702 adults aged 81 to 97 years. Anxiety symptoms were identified using the short form of the Geriatric Anxiety Inventory (GAI-SF). Associations of potential risk factors with anxiety incidence were analyzed using Cox proportional hazard models. Out of the N = 702 older adults, N = 77 individuals developed anxiety symptoms during the follow-up period. The incidence rate was 51.3 (95% CI: 41.2–64.1) per 1000 person-years in the overall sample, compared to 58.5 (95% CI: 43.2–72.4) in women and 37.3 (95% CI: 23.6–58.3) in men. Multivariable analysis showed an association of subjective memory complaints (HR: 2.03, 95% CI: 1.16–3.57) and depressive symptoms (HR: 3.20, 95% CI: 1.46–7.01) with incident anxiety in the follow-up. Incident anxiety is highly common in late life. Depressive symptoms and subjective memory complaints are major risk factors of new episodes. Incident anxiety appears to be a response to subjective memory complaints independent of depressive symptoms.

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