Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Notre Dame, 2007. / Thesis directed by Vittorio Hösle for the Department of Political Science. "December 2007." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 181-186).

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Ohio University, June, 2008. / Title from PDF t.p. Includes bibliographical references.

Habilitationsschrift--Munich. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 344-359) and index.

No description available.

O presente trabalho dissertativo tem como objetivo examinar a natureza das relações existentes entre as esferas da moral e do direito no âmbito da filosofia de Kant, a fim de compreender como é sustentada a legitimidade do exercício coercitivo das normas jurídicas, como elemento de justiça, de delimitação dos arbítrios, e pressuposto de uma convivência social racional. O problema que tencionamos investigar diz respeito a saber, em que medida se verifica uma eventual vinculação entre moral e direito nos escritos kantianos. Nessa perspectiva, o primeiro capítulo busca explicitar os conceitos de lei moral, boa vontade e imperativos, bem como as noções de autonomia e heteronomia, elementos esses diretamente implicados na hipótese kantiana da adequação humana necessária às leis prescritas pela razão, no âmbito da liberdade interna. A partir da base conceitual então estabelecida, busca-se, no segundo capítulo, examinar a proposta de um direito natural (racional) como conjunto de princípios a priori da razão pura prática que visam garantir a realização da liberdade na esfera da exterioridade. Para tanto, examina-se o modo através do qual se dá a construção do conceito kantiano de direito e seu respectivo princípio universal, tendo em conta ainda a forma a partir da qual se estabelece a relação entre liberdade (externa) e lei, e o papel da coerção. Uma vez demarcados os dois âmbitos, busca-se, no terceiro capítulo, aprofundar as distinções entre as esferas da interioridade e da exterioridade da liberdade, para então avaliar a hipótese de trabalho que está assentada sobre a possibilidade de uma conexão entre moral e direito na filosofia de Kant. Duas são as principais teses consideradas na investigação: i) a tese da independência e ii) a tese da dependência. A primeira é sustentada pelo grupo de interpretações que afirmam a separação entre moral e direito no pensamento de Kant, assumindo a coerção como elemento característico do direito e a não derivação de seu princípio em relação ao imperativo categórico. A segunda é sustentada pelos interpretes que entendem haver em Kant uma conexão entre moral e direito, baseando-se na desvalorização do elemento coerção e numa acentuação do elemento do dever, pelo que defendem a derivação dos deveres jurídicos da teoria moral kantiana e a derivação do princípio do direito diretamente do princípio da moralidade. Explicitados os elementos constitutivos dessas interpretações, realiza-se, então, ao final, a consideração da possibilidade do vínculo entre moral e direito, e o exame da consistência de uma eventual dependência/derivação dos princípios a priori do direito em relação ao princípio da moralidade, tudo de modo a avaliar em que medida se dá a validade da hipótese assumida e quais pontos sustentam a sua eventual plausibilidade. / Submitted by Ana Guimarães Pereira (agpereir@ucs.br) on 2015-03-09T16:27:11Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Alvaro Milani Samuel.pdf: 1176002 bytes, checksum: 835ccc97f25e114b4ce2b1f2c6add133 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-09T16:27:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Alvaro Milani Samuel.pdf: 1176002 bytes, checksum: 835ccc97f25e114b4ce2b1f2c6add133 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior. / This argumentative paper aims to examine the nature of the relationship between the spheres of morality and law in the context of Kant's philosophy in order to understand how the legitimacy of coercive exercise of legal rules is sustained, as justice element of delimitation of wills, and assumption of rational social life. The problem we intend to investigate concerns the extent to which there is a possible link between morality and law in the Kantian writings. In this perspective, the first chapter seeks to clarify the concepts of moral law, goodwill and imperatives as well as the notions of autonomy and heteronomy, these elements directly involved in the Kantian hypothesis of human adaptation necessary laws prescribed by reason, within the internal freedom . From then established conceptual basis, we seek to, in the second chapter, consider the proposal for a natural right (rational) as a set of a priori principles of pure practical reason intended to ensure the attainment of freedom in the sphere of externality. To do so, it examines the way in which it gives the construction of the Kantian concept of law and its respective universal principle, taking into account also the form from which establishes the relationship between freedom (external) and law, and the role of coercion. Once marked the two areas, we seek to, in the third chapter, further distinctions between the spheres of interiority and exteriority of freedom, and then evaluate the working hypothesis that sitteth upon the possibility of a connection between morality and law Kant. There are two main theses considered in research: i) the independence thesis and ii) the theory of dependency. The first is supported by the group of interpretations that affirm the separation between morality and law in Kant's thought, assuming coercion as a characteristic element of the right and not to bypass principle in relation to the categorical imperative. The second is supported by interpreters that understand Kant in a connection between morality and law, based on the devaluation of coercion element and an accentuation of the element of duty, by defending the derivation of the legal duties of Kantian moral theory and the derivation of principle of the right directly from the principle of morality. Explained the elements of these interpretations, takes place then at the end, consideration of the possibility of the link between morality and law, and the examination of the consistency of a possible dependence / derivation of a priori principles of the right to the principle of morality all in order to assess the extent to which gives the validity of the assumed hypothesis and points which support the eventual plausibility.

O presente trabalho dissertativo tem como objetivo examinar a natureza das relações existentes entre as esferas da moral e do direito no âmbito da filosofia de Kant, a fim de compreender como é sustentada a legitimidade do exercício coercitivo das normas jurídicas, como elemento de justiça, de delimitação dos arbítrios, e pressuposto de uma convivência social racional. O problema que tencionamos investigar diz respeito a saber, em que medida se verifica uma eventual vinculação entre moral e direito nos escritos kantianos. Nessa perspectiva, o primeiro capítulo busca explicitar os conceitos de lei moral, boa vontade e imperativos, bem como as noções de autonomia e heteronomia, elementos esses diretamente implicados na hipótese kantiana da adequação humana necessária às leis prescritas pela razão, no âmbito da liberdade interna. A partir da base conceitual então estabelecida, busca-se, no segundo capítulo, examinar a proposta de um direito natural (racional) como conjunto de princípios a priori da razão pura prática que visam garantir a realização da liberdade na esfera da exterioridade. Para tanto, examina-se o modo através do qual se dá a construção do conceito kantiano de direito e seu respectivo princípio universal, tendo em conta ainda a forma a partir da qual se estabelece a relação entre liberdade (externa) e lei, e o papel da coerção. Uma vez demarcados os dois âmbitos, busca-se, no terceiro capítulo, aprofundar as distinções entre as esferas da interioridade e da exterioridade da liberdade, para então avaliar a hipótese de trabalho que está assentada sobre a possibilidade de uma conexão entre moral e direito na filosofia de Kant. Duas são as principais teses consideradas na investigação: i) a tese da independência e ii) a tese da dependência. A primeira é sustentada pelo grupo de interpretações que afirmam a separação entre moral e direito no pensamento de Kant, assumindo a coerção como elemento característico do direito e a não derivação de seu princípio em relação ao imperativo categórico. A segunda é sustentada pelos interpretes que entendem haver em Kant uma conexão entre moral e direito, baseando-se na desvalorização do elemento coerção e numa acentuação do elemento do dever, pelo que defendem a derivação dos deveres jurídicos da teoria moral kantiana e a derivação do princípio do direito diretamente do princípio da moralidade. Explicitados os elementos constitutivos dessas interpretações, realiza-se, então, ao final, a consideração da possibilidade do vínculo entre moral e direito, e o exame da consistência de uma eventual dependência/derivação dos princípios a priori do direito em relação ao princípio da moralidade, tudo de modo a avaliar em que medida se dá a validade da hipótese assumida e quais pontos sustentam a sua eventual plausibilidade. / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior. / This argumentative paper aims to examine the nature of the relationship between the spheres of morality and law in the context of Kant's philosophy in order to understand how the legitimacy of coercive exercise of legal rules is sustained, as justice element of delimitation of wills, and assumption of rational social life. The problem we intend to investigate concerns the extent to which there is a possible link between morality and law in the Kantian writings. In this perspective, the first chapter seeks to clarify the concepts of moral law, goodwill and imperatives as well as the notions of autonomy and heteronomy, these elements directly involved in the Kantian hypothesis of human adaptation necessary laws prescribed by reason, within the internal freedom . From then established conceptual basis, we seek to, in the second chapter, consider the proposal for a natural right (rational) as a set of a priori principles of pure practical reason intended to ensure the attainment of freedom in the sphere of externality. To do so, it examines the way in which it gives the construction of the Kantian concept of law and its respective universal principle, taking into account also the form from which establishes the relationship between freedom (external) and law, and the role of coercion. Once marked the two areas, we seek to, in the third chapter, further distinctions between the spheres of interiority and exteriority of freedom, and then evaluate the working hypothesis that sitteth upon the possibility of a connection between morality and law Kant. There are two main theses considered in research: i) the independence thesis and ii) the theory of dependency. The first is supported by the group of interpretations that affirm the separation between morality and law in Kant's thought, assuming coercion as a characteristic element of the right and not to bypass principle in relation to the categorical imperative. The second is supported by interpreters that understand Kant in a connection between morality and law, based on the devaluation of coercion element and an accentuation of the element of duty, by defending the derivation of the legal duties of Kantian moral theory and the derivation of principle of the right directly from the principle of morality. Explained the elements of these interpretations, takes place then at the end, consideration of the possibility of the link between morality and law, and the examination of the consistency of a possible dependence / derivation of a priori principles of the right to the principle of morality all in order to assess the extent to which gives the validity of the assumed hypothesis and points which support the eventual plausibility.

Human powers of moral reasoning and motivation are fragile. How should citizens committed to the achievement of liberal justice respond to this fact? This dissertation theorises a class of moral requirements that are central to the practice of liberal democracy but have been recently overlooked by political philosophers: the fortificational duties, which enjoin citizens to design and submit to civic practices that improve both their moral reasoning and the motivational resilience of their sense of justice. It considers the proposition that a conception of justice is unjustified if unlikely to generate its own freely willed maintenance, or stability, in the face of human nature, and it argues that this proposition is false. If justice may face overwhelming resistance unless steps are taken to fortify ourselves against our own fallibility, the right response is to pursue precisely such fortification. Chapter One sketches the orienting ideal of the dissertation: an ideal of a social world in which citizens live together as free and equal. Chapter Two assesses the proposition that we ought to modify or abandon this ideal if we determine that it is unlikely to be freely realised without serious civic or institutional assistance—a move suggested by John Rawls’s “stability test”—and it argues that the candidate arguments for this conclusion fail. The chapter instead argues that citizens are subject to moral requirements to fortify their sense of justice by designing and submitting to measures that increase the likelihood that they will accurately identify and freely comply with their fundamental moral duties. These measures together constitute a liberal democracy’s “stability charter.” Chapters Three to Six explore proposed elements of citizens’ stability charter. Chapter Three discusses the fortification of moral reasoning through democratic deliberation. Chapter Four considers what institutional mechanisms could keep democracy oriented toward the achievement of justice despite human fallibility, and it defends a minimalist conception of judicial review as a case study. Chapter Five argues that the practice of criminal punishment is justified by the duties of wrongdoers to pursue additional fortificational measures in the aftermath of their moral powers’ defective operation. And Chapter Six focuses on the special problem posed to the enduring achievement of justice by “unreasonable citizens” who reject fundamental liberal values. The distinctive contribution of the dissertation lies, firstly, in its novel appropriation of the Rawlsian ideal of stability—reconceiving stability not as a justificatory condition set by reason on our convictions, but as a practical challenge that our own convictions set for us—and, secondly, in its deployment of that insight to motivate novel arguments about the character of democratic deliberation, the limits and role of judicial review, the proper purposes of criminal punishment, and the ideal method of engagement with unreasonable citizens.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:24:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2006-12-05Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:12:13Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 barros_tmfp_me_fran.pdf: 701169 bytes, checksum: b531c021c3f78a9a99f0b9382c89a378 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Com efeito, os temas pertinentes ao Meio Ambiente são inesgotáveis e de impressionante atualidade, posto que o desequilíbrio ambiental acentua-se a cada dia que passa em um cenário complexo típico de uma sociedade tecnológica e científica em construção, ameaçando sobremaneira a qualidade de vida humana, senão a sua própria sobrevivência. Nesse modo de ver, a questão preliminar, ao abordar o tema proposto, refere-se à necessidade da sociedade global proteger juridicamente o Meio Ambiente em sua totalidade. Como conseqüência, constata-se que o campo de estudo do Direito Ambiental vem crescendo e se sofisticando com novos princípios e institutos, cedendo espaço para todos os elementos integrantes dos sistemas ecológicos, inclusive o humano. Aliás, possivelmente, a mais importante característica do Direito Ambiental é a de que seus princípios e normas possuem nítido caráter humanista do imperativo ético da dignidade da pessoa humana. A esse respeito, visando-se a promover um novo olhar sobre o Meio Ambiente é que caminha a presente dissertação de mestrado, ordenando reflexões dedutivas e históricas sobre o tema em sua inerente amplitude, integrando-se os conhecimentos da Ciência Ecológica, do Direito Ambiental e da Ética em torno de um conjunto de problemas e limitações humanas para que o maior bem estar possam vir a ser atingido por todos. De outra parte, torna-se igualmente importante à proteção do Meio Ambiente através do processo educativo. A Educação Ambiental deve ser promovida em todos os níveis de ensino, fato este disposto no artigo 225, parágrafo 1º, inciso VI da Constituição Federal, porquanto é necessário educar e conscientizar a coletividade quanto à efetiva gravidade da degradação ambiental mundial. Aliás, a oportunidade trazida pela Educação Ambiental e seu conseqüente... / Indeed, issues related to the Environment are endless and incredibly up to date, regarding the fact that environmental imbalance gets bigger day after day in a complex scene which is typical of a technological and scientific society that is being formed, threatening the quality of human life, not to mention its own survival. From that viewpoint, the preliminary issue, when approaching the proposed topic, refers to global society s need to juridically protect the Environment as a whole. As a consequence, it s been noticed that the field of study of Environmental Law has been growing and becoming more and more sophisticated with new principles and institutes; making room for every component of ecological systems, including the human one. Possibly, Environmental Law s most important characteristic is that its principles and rules have a sharp humanistic character of the ethic imperative of human dignity. With that respect, aiming at promoting a different look over the environment is the objective of this very master s degree essay, with deductive and historic reflection on the theme in its inherent amplitude, integrating knowledge of Ecological Science, Environmental Law, and Ethics related to a group of human problems and limitations so that all people are able to achieve major well being. Besides, it s equally important to protect the Environment through educational processes. Environmental Education must be implemented in each and every level of education, as stated on the Federal Constitution 225(1)(6), for it s necessary to teach and make people fully aware of the effective seriousness of worlwide environmental degradation. By the way, the opportunity brought about by Environmental Education and its subsequent ethic awakening may indicate the beginning of a new era of cooperation among nations and peoples, looking forward to new inspirations that contact with Nature and with humanistic idea...(Complete abstract click access below)

The diploma thesis discusses the issues of ethics and codes of ethics in business. The theoretical part defines basic concepts of ethics, presents its historical development and the methods and tools of business ethics. It also focuses on ethical codes and the area of law and ethics. The practical part consists of a quantitative survey, which provides views of selected business entities of business ethics and the use of codes of ethics in practice.

Despite long-standing recognition that the constellation of ethical and political ideas developed by the seventeenth-century Natural Law School played an important part in the development of Enlightenment thought, the relationship between the two remains a fertile area of research in intellectual history. Filling a lacuna in existing scholarship, this thesis contends that central tenets of the ethical and political philosophies developed by the Natural Law School were appropriated by the more liberal and progressive contributors to the Encyclopédie ou Dictionnaire raisonné des Sciences, des Arts et des Métiers (1751-1772); which is frequently considered to be the summa of Enlightenment thought, and emblematic of the conflict between the new ‘philosophical spirit’ and the traditional hierarchies, institutions, and values of the ancien régime. It argues that by establishing the loi naturelle and natural rights of the individual as the foundation of both ethics and politics in many of its articles, the Encyclopédie questions the certainty and validity of Catholicism as the basis for both, and that it therefore played an important role in undermining the moral authority of the Church as well as the political authority of the State. In particular, it asserts that the more liberal and humanitarian contributors to the project put the central tenets of Natural Law thinking into practice, in order to tackle and propose reform of what they perceive to be some of the worst injustices in contemporary society, namely with regard to the related questions of slavery and luxury. For those encyclopédistes who believe in universal rights and the loi naturelle, both the slave trade and the attitude of their contemporaries to luxury seem to embody values very different to those they wanted to promote; in their eyes both are representative of a society in which self-interest and the satisfaction of individual passions are valued over and above any consideration for the needs, welfare, and rights of others.