Magistrantūros studijų baigiamajame darbe pateikiami 2012 metais „Sostinių golfo klubo" aikštyno sportinės vejos, tręštos skirtingomis organinių trąšų normomis, kokybinių rodiklių tyrimų duomenys. Darbo objektas – Sportinės vejos žolynas tręštas skirtingomis organinėmis trąšomis bei jų normomis. Darbo metodai: Dirvožemio ėminių paėmimas, granuliometrinės sudėties ir agrocheminių rodiklių nustatymas. Žolyno tankumo įvertinimas, nustatant varpinių žolių ūglių skaičių dm2 (naudojantis Ramenskio rėmeliu); chlorofilo kiekio varpinių žolių lapuose nustatymas; vejos žolyno atžėlimo įvertinimas, matuojant žolės aukštį; varpinių žolių šaknų išsivystymo nustatymas, matuojant jų ilgį. Darbo rezultatai. Organinės trąšos turėjo įtakos sportinės vejos kokybiniams rodikliams. Žolyno kokybiniai rodikliai gerėjo visuose tręšimo variantuose, tačiau didžiausią teigiamą įtaką turėjo granuliuotas paukščių mėšlas ir vermikompostas. Tręšimas granuliuotu paukščių mėšlu ir vermi kompostu esmingai gerino sportinės vejos tankumą, chlorofilo kiekį žolių lapuose, žolyno atžėlimą bei žolių šaknų ilgį. Mažesnę įtaką sportinės vejos kokybiniams rodikliams turėjo tręšimas huminėmis trąšomis. / Final work of University Undergraduate/Master Studies 41 pages, 11 figures, 1 tables, 40 references, the Lithuanian language. Object of the research: sports lawn grass. Aim of the research: to evaluate three different organic fertilizers and their concentracions to sport lawn quality rate. Objectives of the research: 1. To reveal soil agrochemical composition; 2. To compare different organic fertilizers and their amounts; 3. To identify sport lawn density, the amount of chlorophyll in sport lawn grass leaves, sport lawn regeneration, sport lawn grass roots lenght. Research methods: review of scientific literature logical analysis and synthesis, statistical analysis, comparative analysis, graphical modeling techniques. Research results: ○ Part One (Organic fertilizers have had influence to sports lawn quality rate). ○ Part Two (Sport lawn quality rate have bin increased in all variantions but the highest influence have bin made by granulated birds manure and vermicompost). ○ Part Three (Birds manure and vermicompost fertilizers increased sport lawn density, the amount of chlorophyll, lawn regeneration and sports lawn roots lenght. The lower influence to sport lawn quality rate have bin made by humic fertilizers).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 1999. / Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xi, 238 p. : ill. (some col.) Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 231-238).

The diploma thesis based on the Analysis of factors influencing maintenance of lawns deals with maintenance of lawns, mowing machines used during maintenance, overview of factors that affect the performance and consumption of mowers in maintenance of lawns. In order to evaluate the efficiency of the mowers, the effects of selected factors were assessed, namely the size and shape of the plot, the character of the stand, the height of the mowing, the slope of the land and the influence of the mower operator.

SammanfattningExamensarbetet har syftat till att undersöka möjligheten att utrusta Husqvarnas autonomagräsklippare med avståndssensorer. Dessa ska hindra gräsklipparen från att kollidera med hinder i sinomgivning. Gräsklipparen arbetar i en miljö där väder, temperatur, ljusförhållanden och underlagvarierar kraftigt. Detta innebär att kravet på sensorerna är högt.Av de sensorer som undersökts har det visat sig att ultraljud och ”structured light” är de system sombäst skulle kunna uppfylla all dessa krav till ett rimligt pris.I examensarbetet undersöks därför ultraljudssensorer från företaget Maxbotix närmare ochimplementeras i en prototyp. Fyra stycken sensorer placeras på gräsklipparens kaross. Dessakommunicera med en mikrokontroller som i sin tur förmedlar mätdata till en dator. På datorn körsen sökalgoritm som tolkar och sammanfogar sensorernas mätdata.Efter ett antal tester visar det sig att de sensorer som valts inte uppfyller de krav som ställts. Dockbör den metod och algoritm som används kunna uppfylla kraven om en annan typ av sensor används. / AbstractThis master thesis is aiming to investigate the possibility of adding distance sensors to Husqvarna’sautonomic lawnmower. The goal is to prevent the lawnmower from colliding with obstacles in itssurroundings. The environment where the lawnmower is working is very dynamic in sense ofweather, temperature, ambient lightning and terrain. This gives high requirements on the sensors.Of all the sensors that were examined, ultrasonic and structured lightning came out as the ones bestfit to fill these requirements to a reasonable cost.In this thesis ultrasonic sensors from Maxbotix were implemented on a prototype. Four sensors wereplaced on the lawnmower body and connected to a microcontroller. The microcontroller then passesalong the sensor data to a computer that is running a search algorithm. The algorithm is used tointerpret the data and merge the different measurements.After certain amount of testing it was shown that the chosen sensor did not meet all therequirements. However the method and the chosen algorithm should suffice with another type ofsensor.

Background: As the requirements for the modern-day comforts are raising from day to day, the great evolution in the field of lawn-mowers is recorded. This evolution made companies produce a fleet of lawn-mowers(commercial, house-hold) for different kinds of usages. Despite the great evolution and market in this field, to the best of our knowledge, no effort was made to understand customer usage by analysis of real-time usage of lawn-mowers. This research made an attempt to analyse the real-time usage of lawn-mowers using techniques like machine learning. Objectives: The main objective of the thesis work is to understand customer usage of lawn-mowers by analysing the real-time usage data using machine learning algorithms. To achieve this, we first review several studies to identify what are the different ways(scenarios) and how to understand customer usage from those scenarios. After discussing these scenarios with the stakeholders at the company, we evaluated a suitable scenario in the case of lawn-mowers. Finally, we achieved the primary objective by clustering the usage of lawn-mowers by analysing the real-world time-series data from the Controller Area Network(CAN) bus based on the driving patterns. Methods: A Systematic literature review(SLR) is performed to identify the different ways to understand customer usage by analysing the usage data using machine learning algorithms and SLR is also performed to gain detailed knowledge about different machine learning algorithms to apply to the real-world data. Finally, an experiment is performed to apply the machine learning algorithms on the CAN bus time-series data to evaluate the usage of lawn-mowers into various clusters and the experiment also involves the comparison and selection of different machine learning algorithms applied to the data. Results: As a result of SLR, we achieved different scenarios to understand customer behaviours by analysing the usage data. After formulating the best suitable scenario for lawn-mowers, SLR also suggested the best suitable machine learning algorithms to be applied to the data for the scenario. Upon applying the machine learning algorithms after making necessary pre-processing steps, we achieved the clusters of usage of lawn-mowers for every driving pattern selected. We also achieved the clusters for different features of driving patterns that indicate the various characteristics like a change of intensity in the usage, rate of change in the usage, etc. Conclusions: This study identified customer behaviours based on their usage data by clustering the usage data. Moreover, clustering the CAN bus time-series data from lawn-mowers gave fresh insights to study human behaviours and interaction with the lawn-mowers. The formulated clusters have a great scope to classify and develop the individual strategy for each cluster formulated. Further, clusters can also be useful for identifying the outlying behaviour of users and/or individual components.

Pineview Reservoir, near Utah's populous Wasatch Front, could play an important role in modulating water supply as water demands and water uses change in response to increasing population densities. The reservoir is currently mesotrophic but threatens to become eutrophic. Ground water in the shallow water table aquifer that surrounds the reservoir contributes a large proportion of the reservoir's inflows in summer and fall because most of the stream flow is diverted for irrigation. Ground water flow and its subsequent nutrient loading to the reservoir were studied from February 2010 through November 2011. The objectives were to: 1) characterize nutrient transport from the water table aquifer to the reservoir; 2) quantify and characterize the spatial variability of ground water flow and nutrient loading in a mountainous irrigated valley; and 3) estimate nitrate leaching to ground water from cropland, lawns and septic drain fields. The first objective was achieved by monitoring stream flows, and modeling ground water flow and nutrient loading towards Pineview Reservoir. Ground water from the water table aquifer contributed 22 percent and 2.6 percent nitrate + nitrite nitrogen and total dissolved phosphorus, respectively, to the annual reservoir loads. The aquifer contributed a total inflow of 3.4 x 106 m3 yr-1 (2 percent of the total inflows) to the reservoir. Large variations in both ground water nutrient concentrations (6 - 310 µg P L-1 as total dissolved phosphorus and 3.3 - 21 mg N L-1 as nitrate + nitrite) and ground water flows among aquifer subdivisions were observed. Study of the second objective employed GIS-based interpolation techniques in analyzing the spatial distribution of ground water flow and nutrient loading towards the reservoir. Large spatial variations in ground water flows and nutrient loadings were observed. The 67 percent confidence intervals (geometric mean ± 1 standard deviation) for total dissolved phosphorus ranged from 0.014 - 0.400 kg P d-1. Nitrate + nitrite nitrogen had a 67 percent confidence interval of 0.954 - 39.1 kg N d-1. The variations were attributed to agricultural and domestic non-point sources. Under the third objective, ground water nitrate loadings in the near-reservoir drainage area of the reservoir's major tributary, the South Fork of the Ogden River, were simulated in the GIS-based Nitrogen Loss and Environmental Assessment Package. Annual leaching rates (kg N ha-1 yr-1) from drain-fields and the lawns were, respectively, more than 2.6- and 1.1-fold higher than the croplands. However, differences in the spatial extent of contributing sources resulted in 70- and 50-fold higher total leaching losses from croplands and lawns, respectively, than drain-fields. The findings would help water managers, town planners, and stakeholders in their decisions relative to land use, water distribution and use to protect and/or improve water quality in the reservoir.

Husqvarna AB is one of the leading producers of outdoor products such as autonomous lawn mowers. One important feature of these products is the ability toquickly respond to environmental factors such as slippy areas. A reliable slip detector is needed for this mission and many different technologies exists for detectingslip events. A common technique is to check the wheel motor current, which clearlydeviates when the lawn mower is subjected to slipping. The on-board sensors opensup for an alternative solution which utilizes the loop sensors as the main slip detector. This thesis covers the construction of a slip detection prototype which is basedon the loop sensors. In the end, Husqvarna AB was provided with a new alternativesolution, which was successfully compared to the exiting solution. It proved to bea reliable slip detector for manually induced slipping indoors, outdoor performancewere not investigated. Ultimately, the implemented prototype outperformed the existing solution in the intended environment of indoor testing.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the practical limits of EPA's NONROAD 2005 to accurately simulate Central Florida conditions, especially with regard to lawn and garden equipment. In particular we investigated a NONROAD emission inventory using default inputs and then created a locally specific emission inventory. These emission inventories were prepared for Orange, Osceola, and Seminole county and focused only on the VOC and NOx emissions caused by lawn and garden equipment. The model was manipulated to assess its ability to represent this specific category of nonroad equipment for a given airshed first by running a base case scenario using default data and then by developing a locally-specific scenario through administration of a survey. The primary purpose of the survey was to evaluate local values for equipment population, equipment characteristics, activity estimates, and other relevant information. To develop these local input estimates, data were collected concerning population and usage statistics in the Central Florida area and were combined with emission factors, load factors, allocation factors, and other needed values that have been previously established by the U.S. EPA. The results of the NONROAD model were compared with the resulting emission estimates calculated from locally derived inputs, and as a result of the analysis an accurate emission estimate was calculated. In addition, several possible air quality action steps were further assessed according to feasibility, cost, and predicted emission benefit. These potential management projects were further investigated by assessing the success of other similar projects in other cities in an effort to establish specific costs and emission benefits as they relate to the tri-county area.

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The preservation needs and historical significance located within West Lawn Cemetery in Johnson City, Tennessee, a historically African American Cemetery, show the potential cemeteries have as an impactful public history site. Similar to sites like historic houses, museums, and battlefields; cemeteries offer another insight into the past through interpretation and preservation. A cemetery's ethical and practical uses as a public history site can pose complex challenges. This thesis aims to provide a compelling argument for cemeteries as repositories of irreplaceable history, providing a space for their spot in the field of public history. Although little scholarly literature is given on this concept, this research provides information on the unique landscape and window into history cemeteries hold. Furthermore, this thesis aims to provide a practical guide to navigating the complexities of historical discourse and interpretation within cemeteries.