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This critical ethnography focused on improving the teaching and learning of chemistry in a diverse, urban, tenth-grade classroom in high-achieving magnet high school serving students of differing cultural, social, and historical backgrounds. Participants included all 26 students in the class, a university researcher (Sarah-Kate LaVan) and me as a teacher-researcher. Conducted within the methodological and theoretical frameworks of critical ethnography, this research employed collaborative research, autobiographical reflection, the sociology of emotions, and cogenerative dialogues as tools by which to examine the influence of structure and the social and historical contexts of lived experiences on teacher and student practices in the context of the science learning that took place in our classroom. The methods employed in this ethnography were designed to catalyze social transformation by identifying contradictions within structures and then finding ways to alter these structures to expand the agency of all those involved. Specifically I asked the following questions: 1) How do practices and schemas gained by being within school structures afford the structures of the classroom field? 2) How can the structures of the classroom be transformed to allow students and teachers greater exchange of capital (social, cultural, and symbolic)? 3) How does the exchange of capital afford agency for the participants? 4) How can participants' actions transform the structures associated with school and the classroom to break cycles of reproduction? Using multiple data resources such as field notes, videotape, interviews and artifacts, our research team was able to elicit and support findings at micro-, meso-, and macroscopic levels to answer these questions. / This research provides evidence of the ways in which structure shapes and is shaped by the practices and beliefs of students and teachers in different fields and how those, in turn, structure fields and afford agency for both the individual and the collective. The major findings of the study reveal that students and teachers need to participate in structured conversations that explicitly define and negotiate roles and rules for successful classroom interactions. One way to accomplish this is via participation in overlapping fields of cogenerative dialogue, a feature of our research methodology that emerged as salient during our research. This study offers administrators, teachers, and students a means by which to evaluate the ways in which structures shape the learning environment. Coupled with cogenerative dialogue, participants are provided a pathway for expanding agency in the classroom and in the school.

Abstract Research into memory processes has progressed in recent years through the combined efforts of neuroscientists and cognitive scientists. This is especially aided by modern scientific research methods of the brain such as positron emission tomography and functional magnetic resonance imaging. The learner, through interaction with his environment, must actively create individual cognition; the brain is a dynamic adaptable organ. This research will limit the discussion of authentic learning and e-learning to an introductory chemistry laboratory course. The most popular, and yet the most heavily criticized style of laboratory instruction is the traditional (also termed verification or expository) style with a "cookbook" nature. On the basis of pilot action research, the goal of this study has been the use of e-learning for the purpose of placing more emphasis on the contemplation of chemistry's theoretical topics for effecting the quality of conceptual understanding. With systems thinking as a background, the qualitative research method was primarily used, but statistics of the external influences in the e-learning process were also improved. In an e-learning environment, the individually supported development of a learner's conceptual understanding was analyzed by SOLO-taxonomy by comparing the learner's own outcomes. The results show that e-learning with traditional laboratory activities has the effect of forming chemistry concepts, and results in meaningful learning. The SOLO-taxonomy would be a powerful tool for faculty for analyzing points of difficulty or confusion in students' understanding of chemistry concepts. To better understand the effectiveness of e-learning, studies have to be directed toward higher-order cognition by collaborative learning in addition to conceptual understanding of individuals.

Thesis (Ed. D.)--Texas Christian University, 2006. / Title from dissertation title page (viewed Sept. 12, 2006). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references.

The purposes of this study were to analyse the learning environment, teacher-student interactions and educational outcomes in physical chemistry laboratory classrooms inThailand. In addition, the validation of the Chemistry Laboratory EnvironmentInventory (CLEI), the Questionnaire on Teacher Interaction (QTI) and Attitude Scale was examined. The sample was composed of 100 physical chemistry students in four Rajabhat Universities who responded to both Actual and Preferred Forms of the CLEI and QTI. Also, interviews and written stories were used with twelve students.Students' learning outcomes were investigated using a cognitive test, a practical test and the Attitude Scale. Before the questionnaires were used with the 100 students sample, the reliability and validity of the CLEI, QTI and Attitude Scale were confirmed with 198 tertiary science students in seven Rajabhat Universities. In addition, the results of students' interviews and written stories supported the validityof both the CLEI and QTI, and students improved their achievement outcomes. Thestudy found that there were differences between the students' preferred learningenvironments and what they perceived to be actually present. Associations were also found between students' perceptions of the classroom environment and student outcomes.

A necessidade urgente de mudanças no Ensino Médio do Brasil motivou o pesquisador desta tese a propor mudanças na forma tradicional de se trabalhar a Química com os estudantes. Com a evolução das tecnologias de informação e comunicação, é necessário que o cidadão seja incluído na cultura digital para que possa fazer parte da sociedade globalizada dos dias atuais. Assim, também é tarefa da escola a busca da inclusão dos sujeitos nessa cultura digital. A utilização das novas tecnologias é importante e deve ser considerada quando se planejam atividades de aprendizagem com os alunos da Escola Básica. O principal objeto de pesquisa dessa tese foi o estudo dos processos cognitivos que envolvem aspectos da aprendizagem da Química com o uso dessas tecnologias. Procurou-se verificar como uma Arquitetura Pedagógica orientada para os alunos, contendo atividades experimentais, produção de vídeos e elaboração de modelos digitais no ambiente Squeak-Etoys, pode contribuir para a construção do conhecimento químico. Entende-se a Arquitetura Pedagógica como um conjunto de estratégias, dinâmicas de grupo, softwares educacionais e ferramentas de apoio à cooperação que possam favorecer a aprendizagem. A análise dos processos vivenciados pelos sujeitos da pesquisa foi fundamentada pela Epistemologia Genética de Jean Piaget. A partir das análises dos dados da pesquisa, pretende-se propor orientações para as ações pedagógicas com o uso de ambientes digitais, onde ocorram processos nos quais os sujeitos possam representar, ampliar e consolidar o seu conhecimento científico. / The urgent need for changes in high school in Brazil led the researcher of this thesis to propose changes in the traditional way of working with the chemistry students. With the development of information and communication technologies, it is necessary that the public is included in the digital culture that may be part of the global society of today. Thus, it is also the school's task to find the inclusion of subjects in digital culture and use of new technologies is important and should be considered when planning activities for learning with students from the Basic School. The main object of this thesis research was to study the cognitive processes that involve aspects of the learning of chemistry with the use of these technologies. It is found as a pedagogical architecture oriented students, containing experimental activities, production of videos and digital models in the development of digital environment-Squeak Etoys, can contribute to the construction of chemical knowledge. The Pedagogical Architecture means as a set of strategies, group dynamics, educational software and tools to support cooperation to promote learning. The analysis of the processes experienced by the subjects of the research was motivated by the Genetic Epistemology of Jean Piaget. From the analysis of data from the research aims to propose guidelines for the teaching activities with the use of digital environments, where processes occur in which the subject may pose, extend and consolidate their knowledge.

A necessidade urgente de mudanças no Ensino Médio do Brasil motivou o pesquisador desta tese a propor mudanças na forma tradicional de se trabalhar a Química com os estudantes. Com a evolução das tecnologias de informação e comunicação, é necessário que o cidadão seja incluído na cultura digital para que possa fazer parte da sociedade globalizada dos dias atuais. Assim, também é tarefa da escola a busca da inclusão dos sujeitos nessa cultura digital. A utilização das novas tecnologias é importante e deve ser considerada quando se planejam atividades de aprendizagem com os alunos da Escola Básica. O principal objeto de pesquisa dessa tese foi o estudo dos processos cognitivos que envolvem aspectos da aprendizagem da Química com o uso dessas tecnologias. Procurou-se verificar como uma Arquitetura Pedagógica orientada para os alunos, contendo atividades experimentais, produção de vídeos e elaboração de modelos digitais no ambiente Squeak-Etoys, pode contribuir para a construção do conhecimento químico. Entende-se a Arquitetura Pedagógica como um conjunto de estratégias, dinâmicas de grupo, softwares educacionais e ferramentas de apoio à cooperação que possam favorecer a aprendizagem. A análise dos processos vivenciados pelos sujeitos da pesquisa foi fundamentada pela Epistemologia Genética de Jean Piaget. A partir das análises dos dados da pesquisa, pretende-se propor orientações para as ações pedagógicas com o uso de ambientes digitais, onde ocorram processos nos quais os sujeitos possam representar, ampliar e consolidar o seu conhecimento científico. / The urgent need for changes in high school in Brazil led the researcher of this thesis to propose changes in the traditional way of working with the chemistry students. With the development of information and communication technologies, it is necessary that the public is included in the digital culture that may be part of the global society of today. Thus, it is also the school's task to find the inclusion of subjects in digital culture and use of new technologies is important and should be considered when planning activities for learning with students from the Basic School. The main object of this thesis research was to study the cognitive processes that involve aspects of the learning of chemistry with the use of these technologies. It is found as a pedagogical architecture oriented students, containing experimental activities, production of videos and digital models in the development of digital environment-Squeak Etoys, can contribute to the construction of chemical knowledge. The Pedagogical Architecture means as a set of strategies, group dynamics, educational software and tools to support cooperation to promote learning. The analysis of the processes experienced by the subjects of the research was motivated by the Genetic Epistemology of Jean Piaget. From the analysis of data from the research aims to propose guidelines for the teaching activities with the use of digital environments, where processes occur in which the subject may pose, extend and consolidate their knowledge.

A necessidade urgente de mudanças no Ensino Médio do Brasil motivou o pesquisador desta tese a propor mudanças na forma tradicional de se trabalhar a Química com os estudantes. Com a evolução das tecnologias de informação e comunicação, é necessário que o cidadão seja incluído na cultura digital para que possa fazer parte da sociedade globalizada dos dias atuais. Assim, também é tarefa da escola a busca da inclusão dos sujeitos nessa cultura digital. A utilização das novas tecnologias é importante e deve ser considerada quando se planejam atividades de aprendizagem com os alunos da Escola Básica. O principal objeto de pesquisa dessa tese foi o estudo dos processos cognitivos que envolvem aspectos da aprendizagem da Química com o uso dessas tecnologias. Procurou-se verificar como uma Arquitetura Pedagógica orientada para os alunos, contendo atividades experimentais, produção de vídeos e elaboração de modelos digitais no ambiente Squeak-Etoys, pode contribuir para a construção do conhecimento químico. Entende-se a Arquitetura Pedagógica como um conjunto de estratégias, dinâmicas de grupo, softwares educacionais e ferramentas de apoio à cooperação que possam favorecer a aprendizagem. A análise dos processos vivenciados pelos sujeitos da pesquisa foi fundamentada pela Epistemologia Genética de Jean Piaget. A partir das análises dos dados da pesquisa, pretende-se propor orientações para as ações pedagógicas com o uso de ambientes digitais, onde ocorram processos nos quais os sujeitos possam representar, ampliar e consolidar o seu conhecimento científico. / The urgent need for changes in high school in Brazil led the researcher of this thesis to propose changes in the traditional way of working with the chemistry students. With the development of information and communication technologies, it is necessary that the public is included in the digital culture that may be part of the global society of today. Thus, it is also the school's task to find the inclusion of subjects in digital culture and use of new technologies is important and should be considered when planning activities for learning with students from the Basic School. The main object of this thesis research was to study the cognitive processes that involve aspects of the learning of chemistry with the use of these technologies. It is found as a pedagogical architecture oriented students, containing experimental activities, production of videos and digital models in the development of digital environment-Squeak Etoys, can contribute to the construction of chemical knowledge. The Pedagogical Architecture means as a set of strategies, group dynamics, educational software and tools to support cooperation to promote learning. The analysis of the processes experienced by the subjects of the research was motivated by the Genetic Epistemology of Jean Piaget. From the analysis of data from the research aims to propose guidelines for the teaching activities with the use of digital environments, where processes occur in which the subject may pose, extend and consolidate their knowledge.

Submitted by Maria Bernadete Dos Santos (mariabpds@id.uff.br) on 2017-09-27T17:53:27Z No. of bitstreams: 3 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertação Alexandre L. Torres.pdf: 2113771 bytes, checksum: e92b2eb0221ae3372965ba2accb94702 (MD5) Produto Final - Alexandre L. Torres.pdf: 357939 bytes, checksum: 0c6eccc1f4a85d82d3cd61292b293898 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Biblioteca Central do Valonguinho Biblioteca Central do Valonguinho (bcv@ndc.uff.br) on 2017-10-03T17:14:22Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 3 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertação Alexandre L. Torres.pdf: 2113771 bytes, checksum: e92b2eb0221ae3372965ba2accb94702 (MD5) Produto Final - Alexandre L. Torres.pdf: 357939 bytes, checksum: 0c6eccc1f4a85d82d3cd61292b293898 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-03T17:14:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 3 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertação Alexandre L. Torres.pdf: 2113771 bytes, checksum: e92b2eb0221ae3372965ba2accb94702 (MD5) Produto Final - Alexandre L. Torres.pdf: 357939 bytes, checksum: 0c6eccc1f4a85d82d3cd61292b293898 (MD5) / Este trabalho relata uma metodologia ativa para o Ensino de Ligações Químicas: Composição de paródias musicais como uma proposta de potencializar a aprendizagem significativa. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de natureza qualitativa, do tipo pesquisa-ação, e utilizou, para o levantamento de dados e para a tomada de decisões no decorrer do processo de pesquisa, questionários, observações da atividade orientada, depoimento dos educandos durante e após a elaboração das paródias musicais, fotos, vídeos e análise das letras das paródias. A pesquisa foi realizada no Colégio Pedro II, Campus Niterói, Rio de Janeiro e aplicada no 1º. ano do Ensino Médio Regular do ano letivo de 2016. Os resultados obtidos indicam que a construção de paródias musicais favoreceu o processo de ensino-aprendizagem, sendo esse recurso didáticos visto pelos alunos como alternativa para facilitar a aprendizagem. Consideramos que este trabalho pode ser replicado, abrindo possibilidades de novas criações e pesquisas sobre o emprego de estratégias de metodologias ativas no ensino de Ciências da Natureza. Com o intuito de incentivar esta aplicação, elaboramos, como produto dessa dissertação, uma videoaula onde é mostrada a aplicação da metodologia e com orientações sobre a forma de utilização. / This paper reports an active methodology for the Teaching of Chemical Bonds: Composition of musical parodies as a proposal to potentiate meaningful learning. For this purpose we used a qualitative methodology and, for data collection and decision making during the research process, questionnaires, observations of the activity oriented, testimony of the students during and after the elaboration of the musical parodies, photos, videos and analysis of the letters of the parodies. The research was carried out at Pedro II School, Niterói, Campus, Rio de Janeiro and applied in the 1st. Year of Regular High School during the academic year of 2106. The results indicate that the construction of musical parodies favors facilitate the teaching-learning process. We consider that this work can be replicated and open possibilities of new creations and research on the use of active methodologies for teaching of Natural Sciences. In order to stimulate this application, we elaborate, as a product of this dissertation, a videoconference showing the application of the methodology and guidelines on how to use it.

The main goal of the thesis is to describe a position of the real experiment in chemistry at the beginning of the 21 century and to contribute to solution of speculations if this didactic tool is or is not at current schools such a rarity as it's often described. The starting point of the thesis is extensive research of the literature related to history of natural science literacy which is condition not only for the right experiment interpretation but also of its suitable usage in the lessons. The theoretical part observes also the ensuring of the chemical experiment in the curricular documents and its position in the chemistry teaching in recent past. The experiment is a dynamic visualia therefore the visualias are classified in particular part of the thesis and their occurrence and function are described - in today's information society, chemistry textbooks, as a part of hypermedia programs for chemistry teaching and in lessons in general. The thesis focuses partly on hypermedia programs, especially then on materials for chemistry teaching that proved to be helpful in e-learning. Through the questionnaire inquiry at primary and secondary schools in Czech Republic were discovered not merely material also personal options of the schools and chemistry teachers in relation to the experiment...