Abstract Purpose: When the production of pipe transport occurs, the water supply system, television- and computer system (Opto), heating supplier and other pipe actors cooperates from the design phase to the production phase which entails a cost for each pipe actor. The current problem is the industry where there are no specific laws and rules regarding the cost allocations in the pipe coordination. It is known that the actors who skip some costs do not see it as a problem. Therefore, the investigations need to examine if and why the water supply organizations experience being responsible for the main costs in the design phase and if the other pipe actors have similar experiences. The other problem is management of pipe actors that join in at a later phase of the project. The goal of this report is to present suggestions of how to allocate the costs between each pipe actor, thus minimizing the risk for problem and conflicts in pipe coordination. Method: The used methods to answer the goal were; a qualitative research consisting of well-formulated questions in a semi-structured interview with relevant people. A quantitative research, constructed as a document analysis with calculations to account for costs in previous projects. Lastly, three fall studies were made to investigate the relation between water supply actors and other pipe actors. Findings: The final analyzed results and knowledge contribution shows how to allocate costs between actors as well as present the problems and conflicts that arise in pipe coordination. It is important to arrange pipe coordination at an early, as well as sustain and renewing the current data for pipe management as these are the main factors for misunderstanding. Implications: The final result of the report is a percentage of cost that mangers can take avenge of at pricing in projects. Also the possibilities to minimize the cost problems is development of a standard that everyone uses, explaining how pipes should locate in the trench. The project manager should become better at informing in earlier phases about pipe coordination. The pipe actors should update undocumented pipes so they are visible in a computer system. Limitations: The report opts to map problems in order to give suggestions on how to minimize complications in the pipe coordination between the water supply system, opto supplier and heating supplier in design and production phase. The report is relevant for every pipe actor and gives a better understanding to prevent problems and reduce costs. Interviews with engineers were conducted from different pipe actors and consult firms which gives a blanket results. Contact with more pipe actors for example electricity could have been consolidated with previous findings and thus make the conclusions more general. Keywords: Cost allocation, pipe actors, pipe coordination, problem and conflicts.

Bristande kunskaper om modersmålsundervisning och dess organisering bland grundskolelärare kan ge fel uppfattningar om ämnets innehåll. Denna studie utgick ifrån olika ledningsaktörers professionella ansvar att utveckla grundskolelärarnas existerande kunskaper om hur (vi) modersmålslärare arbetar och är organiserade. Ett professionellt ansvar, som samtliga pedagogiska aktörer i grundskolan bör ha. Studien tog del av föreställningar om modersmålsundervisning som framträdde hos anställda på ledningsnivå och fördjupades vidare på vilket sätt och varför dessa föreställningar kunde vara betydelsefulla för grundskolans kvalitativa utvecklingsarbete. Föreställningar som framträdde hos ledningsaktörerna om grundskolelärarnas existerande kunskaper om modersmålsundervisning och dess organisering sågs i relation till olika kunskapssyn: vetenskaplig kunskap, tyst kunskap och vardagskunskap utifrån erfarenheter. Dessa tre olika kunskapssyner hade tillägnats och var en del av den praxisgemenskapen inom skolans verksamhet som synliggjordes genom aktiv deltagande i samspel med andra. Detta har gjorts från individnivå genom interaktion med andra till ett större kollektiv d.v.s. organisationsnivå. Den tysta kunskapen behöver artikuleras och ledningsaktörerna behöver skapa mötesforum för detta. Studien visade en lärande process där den utgick ifrån ledningsaktörernas synpunkter kring grundskolelärarnas bristande kunskaper om ämnet modersmål och dess organisering. Dessa synpunkter sattes i relation till ett utvecklingsarbete där det systematiska kvalitetsarbetet blev en levande process. Denna lärande process kan leda till ett förbättringsarbete inom grundskolans verksamhet som i sin tur kan skapa likvärdiga förutsättningar inom utbildning för elever som har ett annat modersmål än svenska.