The essay is about the work environment at home, where the purpose is to examine the work evironment legislation at home and shed a light on the law's problem with the employer's work environment responsbility and whether there are regulations that prevent the employer's responsibility on the work environment at home work. Further the pupose is to analyze whether the work environment in homework is to noticed from an international perspective. The topic ”work environment at home work” has been selected beacuse it is topical as Covid-19 has forced organizations to reorganize their organizations, this may later lead to potential further changes in the future to increasingly allow workers to work at home. The legal dogamtic method has been used to analyze the issues and to achieve the purpose of the essay. Laws, regulations, propositions, public inquiries, lawsuits, sources of international law, literature, articles, reports and electronic materials have been used to analyze the legal aspects. EU-Osha and ILO are organisations that have been analyzed to achieve the international perspective of the essay. What can be stated after a careful analysis is that there are laws that regulate the work environment and work envirionment responsibility for work at home. The employer may finde it difficult to carry out his work for the work evironment when the workplace is at home for the employees. The reason is that there are other regulations that prevent the employer from performing certain actions in order to maintain it's work environment responsibility. Privacy is an important factor where the home should be a private sphere for the employee. What can further be stated is that the employee and the employer must have a good collaboration with each other where both parties illuminates and perform their work for the work environment, so this fulfills its pupose. From an international perspective, the analysis can state that both organizations have carried out work that draws attention to the work environment and its responsibilities when employees works at home. The organizations have many different points of view and tools for the work environment to help companies and employers to fulfill the responsibilities on work environment when the workplace is at the employees home.

Migration in general and the assessment of the need of protection concerning people from Afghanistan in particular, has in recent years risen on the migration agenda, especially after the Taliban regime's expanded control in the country. This thesis aims to investigate what guidelines that are in place for assessing female Afghan asylum seekers who applies for asylum in Sweden based on gender related persecution. Through a legal dogmatic analysis, three determinations from the Swedish Migration Agency and three determinations from three of Sweden's migration courts have been examined. The purpose has been to examine the guidelines of the determinations, analyze the values applied by the Swedish Migration Agency and the Migration Courts in the determinations, and whether the current application of the law is legally secure based on Frändberg and Von Essen's definition of legal security. The results show that there are shortcomings in the Swedish Migration Agency's as well as the Migration Courts' assessments, which is consistent with previous research. The results as well as previous research shows knowledge gaps about what requirements that should be expected from the applicants in terms of reliability, credibility, and evidence.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:34:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Luiz Gustavo Friggi Rodrigues.pdf: 661005 bytes, checksum: c997e34c966c242662e247b32683e95a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-08-11 / With the growth of social complexity, comes the need of legal mechanisms that correspond to the social stabilization expectations that are inherent to the exercise of a legitimate power. The insertion of open-content laws, or referred to values inserted in the social system observation, as occurs with general clauses that carries the concept of social function, impose an enormously difficult job to the judges, specially when it comes to the base arguments of those decisions applying the integration of such clauses. Therefore, the role of Legal Dogmatic, as a law science, should be reformulated in its whole signification, becoming to comprehend the law not only by a purist-legal perspective, as it came to be on the twentieth century, but integrated to a hermeneutic job that will open methodological possibilities for the judicial application of social function regulated general clauses. To enlighten a possible way to this Dogmatic opening, this work situates it in the studies of The Social Systems Theory by Niklas Luhmann, as a form to make compatible the rigidness of positive law with the perspective of it's opening to the assumption of values inside the law system. Besides the exposition over Dogmatic and it's reformulation, the philosophic hermeneutics and the hermeneutic circle formulated by Heidegger and Gadamer represent a historic path to self-observation and self- reference of law, projecting the individual as an emitter and receiver of information from the ambient, always positioned and respectful to the consolidated tradition, but in a way that makes possible a full comprehension of positive law. This work concentrates in the field of research The citizenship modeling the State , since it puts under analytic focus the relation between two State powers entrusted of law creation (Legislative) and law application (Judiciary), exposing systemic operations (on Luhmann's System Theory, Political and Legal subsystem, respectively) that conduct to their inter-relations inside the social environment, fed and formed by the whole human conscience, as much as its communicative elements. / Com o crescimento da complexidade social, surge a necessidade de novos mecanismos normativos que correspondam às expectativas de estabilização de condutas que são próprias do exercício do poder legitimado. A inserção de normas de conteúdo aberto, ou referida a valores inseridos na observação do ambiente social, como ocorre com as cláusulas gerais que dispõem sobre a função social, impõe um trabalhoso exercício ao julgador, em especial quanto à fundamentação das decisões que façam a integração de tais normas. Assim, o papel da Dogmática Jurídica, como ciência normativa do direito, deve passar por uma reformulação de seu significado, passando a compreender o direito não só por uma perspectiva purista-normativa, como veio a consolidar-se no século XX, mas integrando-se a um trabalho hermenêutico que abrirá possibilidades metodológicas para a aplicação judicial das cláusulas gerais de função social. Para iluminar um possível caminho nessa abertura da Dogmática, o presente trabalho a situa no estudo da Teoria dos Sistemas Sociais de Niklas Luhmann, como forma de compatibilizar a rigidez do direito positivo com a perspectiva de sua abertura para a assunção de valores no sistema jurídico. Ao lado da exposição sobre a Dogmática e sua reformulação, a hermenêutica filosófica e o círculo hermenêutico formulado por Heidegger e Gadamer representam a historicidade na auto-observação e auto-referência do direito, projetando o indivíduo como emissor e receptor de informações em seu ambiente, sempre posicionado e em respeito à tradição consolidada, mas de forma a possibilitar uma compreensão plena e total do direito positivo. Este trabalho converge à linha de pesquisa A cidadania modelando o Estado , uma vez que põe sob enfoque analítico a relação entre os poderes estatais incumbidos da criação normativa (Legislativo) e da aplicação normativa (Judiciário), expondo as operações de caráter sistêmico (na Teoria dos Sistemas de Luhmann, subsistemas Político e Jurídico, respectivamente) que conduzem às suas inter-relações no interior do ambiente social, formado e alimentado tanto pela consciência coletiva humana, como por seus elementos comunicativos.

Die bisherigen Heranziehungsmodelle der Rechtsökonomik bei der Rechtsanwendung geht vor allem davon aus, dass die Effizienz als Rechtsprinzip in bestimmten Rechtsordnungen inbegriffen ist. Dies schränkt aber die Rolle der Rechtsökonomik für die Rechtsanwendung ein. Da der Rechtsanwender in Deutschland sowohl am geltenden Recht als auch an wissenschaftlichen Gesetzen binden soll, kann die Rechtsökonomik als die im Sinne vom kritischen Rationalismus genannte Wissenschaft zur Erklärung menschlichen Verhaltens unter Berücksichtigung der gegebenen Rechtszuordnungen bezeichnet werden. Daraus ergibt sich, dass die aus der wissenschaftlichen Rechtsökonomik abgeleitete Gesetzmäßigkeit dem Rechtsanwender nachkommen soll, sodass die Rechtsökonomik als Rechtsanwendungsmethode unbeschränkt bei der Rechtsanwendung verwertet werden kann. Bei der Auswahl rechtsdogmatischer Lehrsätze bei der Rechtsanwendung ist das Werturteil unvermeidlich, mithilfe des vom kritischen Rationalismus vertretenen Brückenprinzips und Komparativismus kann die Werturteilproblematik bei der Rechtsanwendung durch die positive Wissenschaft und Rechtsökonomik gelöst werden. Die konkrete Methode zur Auswahl rechtsdogmatischer Lehrsätze ist es, dass durch die positive Rechtsökonomik diese rechtsdogmatische Lehre auszuwählen ist, die im Vergleich mit anderen konkurrierenden Lehren das restriktive Minimum der Transaktionskosten darstellt und somit die faktische Geltung der entsprechenden rechtlichen Regelung unter dem gegebenen Umstand am höchsten verwirklicht. / The previous application models of economics of law in the judicial application assume that efficiency as a legal principle is included in the jurisdiction. However, this limits the role of economics of law in the judicial application. As the legal practitioner in Germany shall obey applicable laws and scientific laws, economics of law can be recognized as a real science in the sense of critical rationalism, explaining the human behavior under the condition of the given legal order. It follows that the regularity derived from the scientific economics of law shall be complied with by the legal practitioner, so that the economics of law can be indefinitely used in the judicial application. By selecting the concrete legal dogmatic doctrines in the judicial application, the value judgement is inevitable. With the help of bridge principle and comparativism of the critical rationalism, the value judgement problem can be resolved through the positive science and the positive economics of law. The concrete method of selecting legal dogmatic doctrines is that the legal dogmatic doctrine, which represents the restrictive minimum of the transaction costs and thus realizes the de facto validity of the relevant legal provisions under the given circumstance in highest grade, shall be selected through the positive economics of law.