Orientador: Maria Ligia Rodrigues Macedo / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-23T15:21:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Guimaraes_LaysCordeiro_M.pdf: 5932501 bytes, checksum: 2972555d649882421e88bba9ccd5dfea (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: O resumo poderá ser visualizado no texto completo da tese digital / Abstract: The abstract is available with the full electronic document / Mestrado / Bioquimica / Mestra em Biologia Funcional e Molecular

Thesis(Ph.D.(Botany)) --University of Limpopo,2019 / Genetic transformation offers great opportunities for rapidly introducing, selecting or inducing desired characteristics in various leguminous plants for breeding purposes. But, this technique remains aloof for soybean improvement due to challenges such as genotype specificity, inefficient regeneration protocols and the rapid loss of viability in seeds required to develop explants. However, the rate of seed deterioration and its influence on in-vitro plant genetic transformation differs according to the age, storage duration and moisture content of the seeds used. The moisture status of the seeds is usually high during harvesting and deterioration (loss of viability) starts to occur when seeds are stored under ambient conditions for long periods. This seed deterioration also results in a phenomenon called “recalcitrance”, which is predominantly realised in soybean. In the present study, selected soybean genotypes were analysed for: (i) the efficiency of germination using seeds stored for 0, 3, 6 and 9-months under ambient conditions (ii) the effect of seed storage on in-vitro multiple shoot induction, (iii) the competency of the selected soybean genotypes on callus induction and Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation and (iv) the evaluation of protein profiles of the genotypes following co-cultivation of cotyledonary node explants with A. tumefaciens. The results obtained in this study showed that, seed stored for more than 3-months had reduced rates of germination, seedling development and in-vitro shoot multiplication. In particular, seed stored for 9-months showed a significant drop in seed germination, and less than 50% overall seed germination (Dundee-42%, LS678- 49%, TGx140-2F-44% and TGx1835-10E-48%) except for LS677 and Peking with 52 and 55%, respectively. The efficiency of multiple shoot induction also decreased with the prolonged seed storage, with all genotypes recording overall decline from about 96% to 40% regeneration efficiency over this period. The mean number of induced shoots decreased from more than 10.5 to 4.2 shoots per explant, for each genotype. The results obtained clearly indicated that efficient in-vitro shoot induction depended largely on seed storage duration, viability and significantly differed according to genotype. Following the evaluation for callus induction and Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation frequencies, the results indicated that the responses were genotype specific. This trend was consecutively observed in all soybean cultivars used (LS677, LS678, Dundee, Peking, TGx1740-2F and TGx1835-10E). Furthermore, the responses of the genotypes were also dependent on the culture media composition,especially, plant growth regulators and antibiotics. Amongst the cultivars used, Peking demonstrated the highest callus induction capacity (more than 70%) on MS-A and the mean number of shoots induced (1.65) using cotyledonary explants co-cultivated with Agrobacterium. This was followed by LS677 (1.42 shoots), LS678 (1.40 shoots), Dundee (1.30 shoots), TGx1835-10E (0.80 shoots) and TGx1740-2F (0.75 shoots), respectively. These genotypes also demonstrated low yields of proteins, extracted using a TCA buffer, and separated by means of two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The one-dimensional and two-dimensional profiles of proteins extracted from explants infected with Agrobacterium differed significantly to those expressed without co-cultivation of cotyledonary nodes with bacteria. These observations suggested that, the infection and co-cultivation of explants with Agrobacterium may have caused the expression of new proteins. Newly expressed proteins could also be found to either promote or inhibit transgene integration and expression on the cotyledonary node explants transformed with Agrobacterium tumefaciens for trait improvement. This study has clearly demonstrated that soybean production is confronted with a myriad of stress factors, including seed storage and quality problems due to unfavourable storage duration and weather conditions, amongst others. Thus, soybean seeds used for germination, callus induction, multiple shoot induction and genetic improvement should be harvested at R8 stage after reaching physiological maturity (with 20-35% seed moisture content) to avoid any mechanical damage, shattering or loss of seed viability. / National Research Foundation

Le Sénégal, pays aride, connait un effet de sécheresse croissant. Le pays est confronté à un problème d’ensablement, de perte de fertilité et de compaction des sols. Des plants d’A. senegal et de P. juliflora en association ou non avec les microorganismes sont étudiés pour savoir en quoi ces espèces peuvent contribuer à la fixation des dunes mouvants et à l’amélioration de la productivité des terres. Des plants inoculés aux champignons mycorhiziens et au Rhizobium sont plantés à Sangalkam, Bandia et Bambey pour être récoltés un an après et analysés. Une autre expérience montée en serre a consisté à faire pousser les mêmes espèces sur le même type de sol à différents niveaux de compaction avec un tiers du lot occupé par les plants inoculés. Les résultats ont montré que le taux de mycorhisation atteint son pic sur sols pauvres en phosphore. L’inoculation a augmenté la production de biomasse tout en réduisant la taille des vaisseaux du bois racinaire. Elle augmente aussi le % de cellulose en fonction du diamètre racinaire et de l’âge. % qui augmente avec la résistance à la traction de la racine, source de meilleur ancrage et de résistance à l’arrachement. Une augmentation du niveau de compaction du sol diminue significativement le taux de mycorhisation et le nombre de nodule des racines. Elle favorise les racines fines au détriment des grosses racines. Ceci affecte positivement l’architecture racinaire au profit d’un meilleur ancrage. Le P. juliflora est mieux pour la lutte contre l’érosion éolienne l’ensablement et la perte de fertilité dans la zone des Niayes. L’A. senegal peut contribuer à l’amélioration de la fertilité tout en adaptant son système racinaire face à la compaction du sol. / An increasing drought effect is known in Senegal, arid country who is confronted to a silting problem, a decline in overall land fertility and soils compaction. Seedling of A. senegal and P. juliflora in association or no with microorganism are studied to know some what these species can contribute to the moving dune fixing and improvement land productivity. Seedling inoculated to mycorrhizas and Rhizobium are planted in Sangalkam, Bandia and Bambey and are harvested one year after for analyzed. Another experience in greenhouse consisted to grow up the same species on the same type of soil with different levels of compaction and a share occupied by inoculated seedlings. Results showed that the rate of mycorhisation reached his peak on soils poor in phosphorus. The inoculation increased the production of biomass while reducing the size of root wood vessels. She also increases it % of cellulose according to root diameter and age. % that increases with the root tensile strength, spring of better anchorage and resistance of extortion. An increase of soil compaction level decreases, meaningfully, the rate of mycorhisation and the number of root nodule. She favored the fine roots to detriment of thick roots. She affects positively root’s morphology in aid of better anchorage. P. juliflora is better for the struggle against the wind erosion the silting and loss of fertility in the Niayes area. A. senegal can contribute to the improvement of fertility while adapting its root system facing soil compaction.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-10T10:45:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Daniel Staciarini Correa.pdf: 2040790 bytes, checksum: 7618da96b4df2835c35170ef1e20f936 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-12-13 / The aim of this study was to evaluate the effective degradability of dry matter (DM), neutral 􀁇􀁈􀁗􀁈􀁕􀁊􀁈􀁑􀁗􀀃 􀁉􀁌􀁅􀁈􀁕􀀃 􀀋􀀱􀀧􀀩􀀌􀀃 􀁄􀁑􀁇􀀃 􀁄􀁆􀁌􀁇􀀃 􀁇􀁈􀁗􀁈􀁕􀁊􀁈􀁑􀁗􀀃 􀁉􀁌􀁅􀁈􀁕􀀃 􀀋􀀤􀀧􀀩􀀌􀀃 􀁒􀁉􀀃 􀁗􀁚􀁒􀀃 􀀥􀁕􀁄􀁝􀁌􀁏􀁌􀁄􀁑􀂶􀁖􀀃 􀀦􀁈􀁕􀁕􀁄􀁇􀁒􀀃 􀀋􀀶􀁄􀁙􀁄􀁑􀁑􀁄􀀃 like biome) natives leguminous, Stylosanthes guianensis cv. Mineirão and Stylosanthes spp. (S. capitata + S. macrocephala) cv. Campo Grande, through the in situ technique. For the degradability essay the nylon bags method was used, with two incubations in a rumen canulated adult bovine female. In each incubation 25 samples (7.00g each) of each cultivar was used. Samples were withdrawn in the periods 0, 6, 9, 12, 24, 36, 48, 72 and 96 hours. The study was carried out by the randomized blocks design and data submitted to variance analysis. The highest effective degradability was get at 2%/h passage rate. At 5%/h Mineirão stylos showed effective degradability (ED) of 75.70% (DM), 59.01% (NDF) and 76.81 (ADF). Campo Grande stylos reached 68.39% (DM), 51.93% (NDF) and 58.89% (ADF). The colonization times (Lag Time) were statistic similar (p > 0.05), except for the ADF. For this 􀁉􀁕􀁄􀁆􀁗􀁌􀁒􀁑􀀃􀀰􀁌􀁑􀁈􀁌􀁕􀁭􀁒􀀃􀁖􀁋􀁒􀁚􀁈􀁇􀀃􀀯􀁄􀁊􀀃􀀷􀁌􀁐􀁈􀀃􀁒􀁉􀀃􀀔􀀑􀀘􀀗􀀃􀁋􀁒􀁘􀁕􀁖􀀃􀁚􀁋􀁌􀁏􀁈􀀃􀀦􀁄􀁐􀁓􀁒􀀃􀀪􀁕􀁄􀁑􀁇􀁈􀂶􀁖􀀃􀀤􀀧􀀩􀀃􀁖􀁋􀁒􀁚􀁈􀁇􀀃􀁄􀀃􀀯􀁄􀁊􀀃 Time of 2.50 hours. In the study was detected higher nutritional value for Mineirão compared to Campo Grande. The first one showed higher ED both the dry matter and the fiber. The decision to adopt one or another variety will depend on studies that take into account the cost of deployment and maintenance of legumes and the resulting benefit. / O trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar, através da técnica in situ, a degradabilidade efetiva da matéria seca (MS), da fibra em detergente neutro (FDN) e da fibra em detergente ácido (FDA) de duas leguminosas nativas do Cerrado brasileiro, Stylosanthes guianensis cv. Mineirão e Stylosanthes spp. (S. capitata + S. macrocephala) cv. Campo Grande. Para o ensaio da degradabilidade usou-se o método dos sacos de náilon, com duas incubações em fêmea bovina adulta canulada no rúmen. Em cada incubação foram utilizadas 25 amostras de 7,0g de cada uma das duas cultivares. As amostras foram retiradas nos tempos 0, 6, 9, 12, 24, 36, 48, 72 e 96 horas. O experimento foi conduzido segundo o delineamento de blocos ao acaso e os dados submetidos à analise de variância. As máximas degradabilidades efetivas foram atingidas na taxa de passagem de 2%. Para a taxa de passagem de 5%, o estilosantes Mineirão mostrou degradabilidade efetiva (DE) de 75,70% para a MS, 59,01% para a FDN e 76,81% para a FDA, enquanto o estilosantes Campo Grande chegou a 68,39% para a MS, 51,93% para a FDN e 58,89% para a FDA. Os tempos de colonização foram estatisticamente semelhantes (p > 0,05), exceto para a FDA. Para essa porção o Mineirão apresentou tempo de colonização de 1,54 horas, enquanto o FDA do Campo Grande apresentou tempo de colonização de 2,50 horas. No experimento foi verificado maior valor nutricional do Mineirão em comparação ao Campo Grande, pois o primeiro mostrou maior degradabilidade efetiva tanto da matéria seca quanto da fibra. A opção pela adoção de uma ou outra cultivar vai depender de estudos que levem em conta o custo de implantação e de manutenção da leguminosa e o consequente benefício.

Propriedades que constituem um clima árido são encontradas distribuídas por todo o globo terrestre. A Caatinga, bioma semi-árido brasileiro, se estende por 11% do território nacional e tem particularidades tanto em relação ao clima, volume de chuvas e temperatura, quanto à sua composição flora e faunística. Micro-organismos associados a plantas provêm defesas e resistência a diferentes estresses abióticos ou bióticos. Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a comunidade rizosférica microbiana de duas leguminosas, Mimosa tenuiflora e Piptadenia stipulacea, a fim de caracterizar seus componentes e sua interação com as plantas e o ambiente, por meio de abordagem molecular, com T-RFLP, através do gene 16S rRNA de arquéias e bactérias e sequenciamento em larga escala por Ion Torrent dos genes 16SrRNA de bactérias, além de métodos estatísticos como ferramenta de avaliação dessa interação. Os resultados mostram que: ambas as comunidades são diversas quando comparados os dois períodos de coleta, chuvoso e seco; as espécies de leguminosas não influem na composição da população e que zinco, ferro, fósforo e boro são os componentes do solo mais ativos sobre as comunidades de bactérias e arquéias. Dentre os onze gêneros de bactérias mais abundantes no período seco (<1%): Mycobacterium, Bacillus, MC18, Rhodoplanes, Pseudonocardia, Streptomyces, Candidatus Solibacter, Saccharopolyspora, Rubrobacter, Bradyrhizobium e Solitubrobacter - seis apresentam atributos capazes de trazer benefícios para as plantas às quais estão associadas e seis têm características consideradas extremófilas. / Arid climate properties are found distributed throughout the globe. Caatinga is the Brazilian semiarid biome with 11% of the national territory and has peculiar climate, rainfall and temperature, and the flora and faunal composition. Plant associated micro-organisms promote defenses and resistance to various biotic and abiotic stresses. This study aims characterized the rhizospheric microbiome of two leguminous trees from Caatinga, Mimosa tenuiflora and Piptadenia stipulacea, their interaction with plant and environment through molecular approaches, T-RFLP of archaeal and bacterial 16S rRNA and high-throughput sequencing by Ion Torrent of the bacterial 16S rRNA addition to statistics methods as assessment tool for evaluation of the interaction. The results show that both arquéial and bacterial communities are different when comparing dry and rainy seasons, plant species do not exercises influences in the population composition, zinc, iron and boron are the most active soil components on the communities. Six of the eleven bacteria genera more abundant in the dry season (<1%) are related to benefits to the plant associated while six have extremophiles characteristics, all of them are: Mycobacterium, Bacillus, MC18, Rhodoplanes, Pseudonocardia, Streptomyces, Candidatus Solibacter, Saccharopolyspora, Rubrobacter, Bradyrhizobium e Solitubrobacter .

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T14:58:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2007-Arison Jose Pereira.pdf: 1430968 bytes, checksum: d3480d26487e4c0b7569cb0b9d461014 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-03-23 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / The objective of this work was to evaluate growth of Crotalaria species in different soil and climate conditions and to investigate the contribution of Crotalaria juncea, as a cover crop, on organic cultivation of cabbage and cauliflower, under no-tillage system. Five experiments were conducted. Three of them referred to the performance of Crotalaria species, evaluated in the spring/summer and fall/winter periods, on the experimental field at Embrapa Agrobiologia, in Seropedica, Rio de Janeiro State, and in the spring/summer period, on the experimental field at Pesagro-Rio, in Paty do Alferes, Rio de Janeiro State. Treatments consisted of the species Crotalaria juncea, C. mucronata, C. spectabilis, C. ochroleuca and C. breviflora arranged in a randomized blocks design. The aboveground biomass production was determined throughout the flowering period and the biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) was measured by the 15N natural abundance technique. Functional analysis of growth and soil cover rates were also determined in the first experiment. The fourth experiment evaluated green manuring with sunnhemp (C. juncea) on yield, productivity and nutrient accumulation of cabbage heads, on the experimental field at Pesagro-Rio, in Paty do Alferes, Rio de Janeiro State. A complete randomized block design was used and treatments were arranged in a 2x2x2 factorial split-plot: pre-cropped sunnhemp and fallow with spontaneous weeds, conventional tillage and no-tillage planting systems and 0 and 200 kg ha-1of N in a poultry manure. The fifth experiment was carried out on the experimental field at Pesagro-Rio, in Nova Friburgo, Rio de Janeiro State. The effect of green manures sunnhemp, millet, sunnhemp + millet and fallow with spontaneous vegetation, arranged in a complete randomized block design, was evaluated on weight and productivity of cauliflower cropped in no-tillage system. The contribution of sunnhemp mulch to nitrogen nutrition of cauliflower was assessed by isotopic dilution of 15N. Results from the first experiment showed that Crotalaria juncea presented the highest scores of growth rate and biomass production and reached 50% soil coverage at 15 days after seeding. Dry matter production, nitrogen accumulation and nitrogen coming from BNF reached superior rates in C. juncea, in the first and in the third experiments, and in C. ochroleuca in the second experiment. Trials number four and five showed why green manure can be considered a promising method to cultivate organic vegetables. No-tillage cabbage cropping under sunnhemp mulch discarded additional organic manure as head productivity reached 56 Mg ha-1. In the fifth experiment, 39% of cauliflower nitrogen content was originated from sunnhemp and productivity increased 42% in relation to spontaneous vegetation. / O objetivo geral deste trabalho foi caracterizar o desenvolvimento de esp?cies de Crotalaria L. em diferentes condi??es edafoclim?ticas e a contribui??o da aduba??o verde com C. juncea no cultivo org?nico de br?ssicas em sistema plantio direto. Foram conduzidos cinco experimentos: tr?s referentes a avalia??o das esp?cies de Crotalaria L., sendo dois no Campo Experimental da Embrapa Agrobiologia em Serop?dica-RJ (Baixada Fluminense). O primeiro foi instalado no per?odo de primavera-ver?o e o segundo no outono-inverno. O terceiro experimento foi conduzido no Campo Experimental de Avelar da PESAGRO-RIO, em Paty do Alferes-RJ (M?dio Vale do Para?ba Fluminense), no per?odo de primavera-ver?o. O delineamento experimental adotado nesses experimentos foi de blocos ao acaso e os tratamentos constaram das esp?cies Crotalaria juncea, C. mucronata, C. spectabilis C. ochroleuca, e C. breviflora. A produ??o de fitomassa a?rea foi determinada por ocasi?o do florescimento e a quantifica??o da FBN foi estimada utilizando-se a t?cnica de abund?ncia natural de 15N. No primeiro experimento, foram tamb?m realizadas an?lises funcionais de crescimento e determinadas ?s taxas de cobertura de solo. No quarto e no quinto experimentos, foram avaliadas as contribui??es da aduba??o verde com Crotalaria juncea no cultivo em sistema plantio direto de repolho e couve-flor. O trabalho com a cultura de repolho foi conduzido no Campo Experimental de Avelar da PESAGRO-RIO, sendo formado de oito tratamentos dispostos em blocos ao acaso, com arranjo fatorial em parcelas subdivididas (2 x 2 x 2). Os tratamentos foram: pr?-cultivo formado a partir de C. juncea e pousio com a vegeta??o espont?nea; preparo convencional do solo e plantio direto do repolho; e doses de aduba??o org?nica de cobertura (equivalente a 0 e 200 kg.ha-1 de N total contido na cama de avi?rio). As avalia??es constaram da produ??o e produtividade de cabe?as e acumula??o de nutrientes na parte a?rea do repolho. O quinto experimento foi conduzido na Esta??o Experimental de Nova Friburgo da PESAGRO-RIO regi?o serrana fluminense, com a cultura da couve-flor cultivado em sistema plantio direto, sendo o delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso, com quatro tratamentos: pr?-cultivo com C. juncea; milheto; cons?rcio milheto + C. juncea; e pousio com vegeta??o espont?nea. As avalia??es consistiram do peso m?dio e produtividade de couve-flor e quantifica??o da contribui??o da palhada de C. juncea para a nutri??o nitrogenada desta hortali?a, empregando-se a t?cnica de dilui??o isot?pica de 15N. Observou-se a partir dos resultados do primeiro experimento que C. juncea apresentou maior taxa de crescimento e maior produ??o de fitomassa a?rea do que as demais esp?cies avaliadas. Aos 15 dias ap?s semeadura, C. juncea alcan?ou 50 % de cobertura do solo. Observou-se que a maior produ??o de fitomassa a?rea seca, acumula??o de nitrog?nio e quantidade de N proveniente da FBN foram detectados na C. juncea, tanto no primeiro quanto no terceiro experimentos, conduzidos na Baixada Fluminense, respectivamente nos per?odos de primavera-ver?o e outono-inverno. No segundo, conduzido no Vale do Para?ba, a maior produ??o de fitomassa a?rea seca, acumula??o de nitrog?nio e quantidade de N proveniente da FBN foram alcan?ados com C. ochroleuca. Pelos resultados apresentados nos experimentos quatro e cinco, detectou-se que a aduba??o verde ? uma pr?tica promissora para o cultivo de hortali?as org?nicas, porque, no quarto experimento, conduzido no Vale do Para?ba, o plantio direto sob palhada formada por C. juncea, dispensou a aduba??o org?nica suplementar, proporcionando produtividade de cabe?as do repolho de at? 56,0 Mg.ha-1. E no quinto experimento, conduzido na regi?o Serrana Fluminense, observou-se que 39% do N contido na couve-flor foi derivado da C. juncea e que o cultivo na palhada desta leguminosa resultou aumento de produtividade de at? 42% em rela??o a ?rea mantida sob pousio.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:30:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2006-11-10Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:40:32Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 aguiar_acf_dr_botfca.pdf: 805231 bytes, checksum: 691481c78e5e608342cb3c11587eccca (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa e ao Desenvolvimento Científico do Maranhão (FAPEMA) / Os objetivos do presente estudo foram: (i) avaliar a sustentabilidade do agrossistema de plantio direto na palha com leguminosas cultivadas em aléias, por meio de seu efeito sobre os indicadores qualitativos químicos e físicos de um Argissolo do trópico úmido; (ii) identificar como a combinação de resíduos de leguminosas de diferentes qualidades interferem nos indicadores de sustentabilidade do uso do solo, por meio das produtividades do arroz e do milho. Foram avaliadas duas espécies de leguminosas de alta qualidade de resíduos - Leucaena leucocephala (leucena) e Cajanus cajan (guandu), e duas espécies de baixa qualidade de resíduos - Clitoria fairchildiana (sombreiro) e Acacia mangium (acácia), combinadas entre si, nos seguintes tratamentos: Sombreiro + Guandu (S+G); Leucena + Guandu (L+G); Acácia + Guandu (A+G); Sombreiro + Leucena (S+L); Leucena + Acácia (L+A) e Testemunha, sem leguminosas. Concluiu-se que o sistema de plantio direto na palha com leguminosas cultivadas em aléias pode ser considerado alternativa de uso sustentável do solo nas condições de regime pluviométrico e nos ARGISSOLOS arênicos, por sua capacidade de reciclar nutrientes e melhorar os indicadores de qualidade do solo ao longo do tempo. Os principais indicadores influenciados pelo sistema são: a capacidade de aeração, as quantidades de N adicionadas ao solo via resíduos de leguminosas e o tamponamento dos teores de Ca na zona radicular que resultam na melhoria na qualidade do solo, com reflexos notáveis no aumento da produtividade do milho. A combinação acácia+leucena apresenta, além da precocidade, grande eficiência na cobertura do solo e na reciclagem de nutrientes, mas o uso do sombreiro, como fornecedora de resíduo de baixa qualidade, por sua facilidade de 2 implantação, não pode ser descartado. A incapacidade do sistema em aumentar a retenção do K e Mg na zona radicular... / The present study was carried out focused in the following subjects: (i) Evaluation of no tillage agriculture sustainability over green manure straws in alley system throughout of its effects on the soil s chemical and physical qualitative parameters; (ii) Identification of what and how different green manure residues combine each other to improve the rice and corn crops in sustainability alleys system way. Two green manure species with high residues and other two with low quality had been evaluated: Leucaena leucocephala and Cajanus cajan, and Clitoria fairchildiana and Acacia mangium respectively. A combination between these green manures were made as the treatments: Clitoria + Cajanus (S+G); Leucaena + Cajanus (L+G); Acacia + Cajanus (A+G); Clitoria + Leucaena (S+L); Leucaena + Acacia (L+A) and the control treatment with no green manure. It was concluded that the no tillage soil management using green manure straws in alleys systems could be an alternative as a sustainable way to the crop productions, considering the environments and soil conditions. It was observed that the soil where the trial was carried out has the capacity to recycle nutrients and improve the quality parameters throughout the management used as far. It was observed also that the mainly parameters as aeration capacity, nitrogen range added by the green manure of leguminous species residues, and the Ca++ content in the rizosphere environment were the factors that improve the soil physical and chemical quality, with higher corn crop productivities. The Leucaena + Acacia combination has shown precocious behavior and more efficiency to cover the soil and to recycle nutrients. The Clitoria residues, even as a low quality green manure, could be na option for implanting a alley system because it is easier to 4 management. It was observed that the studied system has no capacity of K+ and Mg++ retain... (Complete abstract, click electronic address below)

Submitted by Katiane Souza (katyane.souza@gmail.com) on 2016-04-09T23:28:38Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 994249 bytes, checksum: dc78544e8b20520cb61e4fcaf2d3d844 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-09T23:28:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 994249 bytes, checksum: dc78544e8b20520cb61e4fcaf2d3d844 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-02-28 / Mata of Pau-Ferro constitutes an of the most important reservations of vegetation of altitude swamps in the state of Paraíba, Northeast Brazilian, with arboreal representatives of economical importance and thoroughly distributed in other formations of swamps. The objective this work as to characterize morphologically fruits and seeds, besides the phases of germination, seedling, and seedling production of eight forest species found in Mata of Pau-Ferro, municipal district of Areia, state of Paraíba, Northeast Brazilian. Inga ingoides (Rich.) Willd., Acacia polyphylla DC., and Enterolobium contortisiliquum (Vell.) Morong, (Leguminosae-Mimosoideae); Caesalpinia ferrea var. parvifolia Benth., Hymenaea courbaril L., and Pterogyne nitens Tul., (Leguminosae- Caesalpinioideae); Bowdichia virgilioides Kunth. and Erytrina veluntina Willd., (Leguminosae-Papilionoideae) were studed. Were observed, legume “nucóide”, “samaróide” and “bacóide”, types in alls species except, in Erytrina.velutine with occurrence folliculo type. Many species showed epigous germination with fanerocotiledonar seedling and semi- hipogeal germination with criptocotiledonar seedling in Inga ingoides. / A Mata do Pau-Ferro constitui uma das mais importantes reservas da vegatação de brejos de altitude no estado da Paraíba, com representantes arbóreos de importância econômica e amp lamente distribuídos em outras formações de brejos. Esse trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de caracterizar morfologicamente frutos e sementes, as fases da germinação, plântulas, plantas jovens e mudas de oito espécies arbóreas de leguminosas ocorrentes na Mata do Pau Ferro, município de Areia, estado da Paraíba. As espécies estudadas foram: Inga ingoides (Rich.) Willd. - Ingá, Acacia polyphylla DC. - Espinheiro e Enterolobium contortisiliquum (Vell.) Morong. - Tambor (Leguminosae- Mimosoideae); Caesalpinia ferrea var. parvifolia Benth. - Pau-Ferro, Hymenaea courbaril L. - Jatobá e Pterogyne nitens Tul. - Madeira Nova (Leguminosae-Caesalpinioideae); Bowdichia virgilioides Kunth. - Sucupira e Erytrina velutina Willd. - Mulungu (Leguminosae-Papilionoideae). Foram observados frutos dos tipos legume nucóide, samaróide e bacóide, além de folículo, em Erytrina velutina. A maioria das espécies estudadas apresentou germinação epígea, com plântula fanerocotiledonar; exceto Inga ingoides, que teve germinação semi-hipógea, com plântula criptocotiledonar.

Submitted by Biblioteca da Faculdade de Farmácia (bff@ndc.uff.br) on 2018-02-21T14:30:22Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dayane Meireles, 2017 - Dissertação.pdf: 1718373 bytes, checksum: 3807d62db56ff376d3a3fad49e960ab4 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-02-21T14:30:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dayane Meireles, 2017 - Dissertação.pdf: 1718373 bytes, checksum: 3807d62db56ff376d3a3fad49e960ab4 (MD5) / O feijão preto (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) é uma das leguminosas mais consumidas mundialmente, especialmente pela população brasileira. De uma forma geral, os feijões são ricos em nutrientes e em não nutrientes com ação bioativa, tais como os compostos fenólicos. Antes do consumo, os feijões necessitam de alguns processamentos tecnológicos, como o processo de remolho e o de cozimento, para melhorar suas qualidades sensoriais e de digestibilidade. Contudo, estes processos podem influenciar no perfil e distribuição dos compostos fenólicos nesta matriz alimentar, influenciando no seu potencial bioativo. Portanto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar a influência do processamento doméstico (remolho e cozimento) do feijão preto (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) sobre o conteúdo de compostos fenólicos solúveis e insolúveis, e a sua capacidade antioxidante. Para isso, um pool de amostras comerciais de feijão preto foi dividido em dois tratamentos: 1) cozimento por pressão sem remolho prévio, e 2) cozimento por pressão com remolho prévio. Ambos os grupos foram cozidos por 32, 40 e 48 minutos. Após o cozimento, os grãos e os caldos foram separados e caracterizados quanto a sua textura (grau de duzera), sua composição centesimal, bem como quanto ao seu conteúdo de compostos fenólicos solúveis e insolúveis (CLAE-UV/vis) e a sua capacidade antioxidante total (TEAC, ORAC e Folin-Ciocalteu). Ambos os tratamentos de cozimento, em todos os tempos (exceto 32 min sem remolho), apresentaram textura macia, sendo todas as amostras classificadas como “prontas para consumo”. O feijão cru e os feijões cozidos, com e sem remolho prévio, apresentaram a sua composição centesimal de acordo com o esperado, sendo que o processo de remolho influenciou na diminuição do teor de cinzas quando comparado ao cozimento sem remolho prévio. Em todas as amostras foram identificados compostos fenólicos flavonoides e não flavonoindes, especialmente a antocianina malvidina e os ácidos fenólicos, respectivamente. Após o remolho e o cozimento houve uma redução de aproximadamente 20% do conteúdo de compostos fenólicos totais em relação ao feijão cru. Após 40 minutos de cozimento sem remolho observou-se o maior teor de compostos fenólicos totais (362 g/ 100 g b.s), com a fração solúvel e a insolúvel contribuindo com 80% e 20% do total de compostos fenólicos, respectivamente, para os feijões cru e cozidos. O processo de remolho promoveu uma menor retenção dos compostos fenólicos do feijão cru. Além disso, a ausência do processo de remolho aumentou a contribuição da fração insolúvel para o teor total de compostos fenólicos. Nos feijões cozidos sem remolho prévio, os ácidos di-OH-benzoico e gálico foram os compostos majoritários. Os ácidos fenólicos foram os principais compostos encontrados na fração insolúvel, enquanto que as antocianinas foram os principais fenólicos da fração solúvel. A capacidade antioxidante total dos feijões foi influenciada pelo cozimento e pelo processo de remolho, sendo que a presença do processo prévio do remolho resultou em uma redução de 5% e 20% para os ensaios de TEAC e Folin-Ciocalteu, respectivamente, e em um aumento de 15% no ORAC. Neste sentido, os feijões cozidos por 40 min, sem remolho apresentaram maior teor final de compostos fenólicos (solúveis e insolúveis) bem como maior capacidade antioxidante total, além de apresentar textura adequada. Portanto, conclui-se que o processamento dos feijões influenciou no teor e na distribuição dos compostos fenólicos entre as frações solúvel e insolúvel, a qual apresenta potencial para influenciar da bioativadade destes compostos após o consumo do feijão preparado por diferentes processos de cozimento e remolho / The black bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L) is one of the most worldwide consumed pulses, especially by Brazilian population. Normally, beans are rich in nutrients and in non-nutrients with bioactive action such as phenolic compounds. Before consumption, beans need some technological processing as soaking and cooking to improve its sensorial and digestibility properties. However, these processes may influence to the content and distribution of phenolic compounds in black beans, influencing to potential bioactive action of this food matriz. Therefore, the aims of present study were to investigate the influence of domestic processing (soaking and cooking) on the soluble and insoluble phenolic compounds content and on the total antioxidant capacity of black beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). For this, a pool of black beans samples from commercial brands was divided into two treatments: 1) pressure cooking without previous soaking and 2) pressure cooking with previous soaking. Both groups were cooked for 32, 40 and 48 minutes. After cooking, the grains and the broths were separated and characterized for texture (softness degree), proximate composition, as well as for the content of soluble and insoluble phenolic compounds (HPLC-UV/Vis) and total antioxidant capacity (TEAC, ORAC and Folin-Ciocalteu assays). Both cooking treatments, at all times (except for 32 min without soaking), showed a soft texture and were classified as "good for consumption". The raw and the cooked beans, with and without previous soaking, showed proximate composition according to the expected one. At all samples were identified flavonoids and non-flavoinoids, especially the anthocyanin malvidin and the phenolic acids, respectively. After soaking and cooking, there was a reduction of approximately 20% of the total of phenolic compounds content in comparison with the raw bean. After 40 minutes of cooking without soaking was observed the highest phenolic compound content (362 g / 100 g d.w) with the soluble and insoluble fractions contributing with 80 % and 20 % of the total of phenolic compounds, respectively, for raw and cooked beans. The soaking process promoted lower retention of the flavonoid and non-flavonoid compounds of raw beans. Besides, absence of soaking enhanced insoluble fraction contribution to total phenolic content. The cooked beans without previous soaking, di-OH-benzoic and gallic acids were the major phenolic compounds. Phenolic acids were the main compounds found in the insoluble fraction, whereas the anthocyanins were the main phenolic compound of the soluble fraction. The total antioxidant capacity of the beans was influenced by soaking and cooking, and the previous soaking process resulted in a reduction of 5 % and 20 % for the TEAC and Folin-Ciocalteu assays, respectively, and an increase of 15% in the ORAC assay. In this sense, the beans cooked for 40 min, without soaking presented higher final content of phenolic compounds (soluble and insoluble) as well as higher total antioxidant capacity, besides presenting adequate texture. Therefore, the processing of the beans influenced the content and distribution of the phenolic compounds between the soluble and insoluble fractions, which has potential to influence the bioactivity of these compounds after the consumption of the beans prepared by different cooking and soaking processes

Orientadores: Marlene Aparecida Schiavinato, Sara Adrian Lopez de Andrade / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-15T21:26:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Souza_SarahCarolineRibeiro_M.pdf: 990180 bytes, checksum: a52442f68f3a27dfa82cded6425db23c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Resumo: A contaminação do solo por metais pesados (MPs), causada por processos naturais ou atividade humana, é um dos mais graves problemas ambientais devido à persistência e alto poder de toxicidade dos MPs. Em ambientes contaminados por MPs, as plantas podem apresentar uma série de distúrbios fisiológicos e nutricionais. No entanto, algumas espécies de plantas são tolerantes aos MPs e essa tolerância tem sido selecionada durante a evolução, e envolve diversos mecanismos. A associação com fungos micorrízicos arbusculares (FMAs) pode reduzir os efeitos negativos do estresse induzido por altas concentrações de metais sobre a planta hospedeira. Considerando a existência de plantas tolerantes, a fitorremediação, especialmente com espécies arbóreas, aparece como uma estratégia eficiente para a reabilitação de áreas contaminadas com MPs, uma vez que essas espécies imobilizam os metais absorvidos por mais tempo em seus tecidos. Assim, este estudo teve como objetivos: avaliar a tolerância, o acúmulo e a distribuição dos MPs, Pb e Zn, em três espécies de leguminosas nas diferentes partes das plantas; avaliar a influência destes metais na colonização micorrízica e na fixação biológica de nitrogênio e avaliar o potencial fitorremediador de cada espécie. Foram realizados dois experimentos, um com Pb e outro com Zn, com delineamento experimental totalmente casualizado e em esquema fatorial 3 x 4. Os tratamentos consistiram em três espécies de leguminosas arbóreas Mimosa caesalpiniaefolia (sansão-do-campo), Erythrina speciosa (eritrina-candelabro) e Schizolobium parahyba (guapuruvu) e quatro concentrações de metais, 0, 250, 500 e 1000 mg.dm-3 de Pb e 0, 200, 400 e 600 mg.dm-3 de Zn, adicionados ao solo na forma de acetato de chumbo e sulfato de zinco. Após aproximadamente 180 dias de cultivo as mudas foram coletadas. Determinaram-se altura, área foliar total, massa da matéria seca (MS) da parte aérea e raízes, número de nódulos e MS de nódulos das espécies que nodulam. Na espécie que não nodula, S. parahyba, foi feita a medição da raiz pivotante e o volume total de raízes. Foram feitas as determinações dos teores de Pb e Zn, dos nutrientes essenciais e calculado o índice de translocação (IT). Foram determinados o conteúdo de pigmentos fotossintéticos, a atividade da nitrogenase, aminoácidos livres, nitrato, amônia, peroxidação lipídica (MDA) e a taxa de colonização micorrízica. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância, análise de regressão e teste de Tukey. Verificou-se que altas concentrações de Zn adicionadas ao solo afetam mais significativamente o desenvolvimento de mudas de espécies arbóreas quando comparadas às concentrações de Pb utilizadas. Todas as espécies apresentam maiores concentrações de Zn e Pb nas raízes que agem como uma barreira à translocação dos MPs, considerado um mecanismo de fitoestabilização. O fato de serem espécies de leguminosas arbóreas de crescimento rápido, de fácil propagação, sistema radicular extenso e aliado ao fato de conseguirem absorver e concentrar os metais pesados Pb e Zn em suas raízes, sugere que estas espécies arbóreas analisadas podem ser potencias plantas fitorremediadoras de solos moderadamente contaminados, sendo que, para o Pb a espécie mais tolerante seria M. caesalpiniaefolia e para o Zn, a E. speciosa. / Abstract: Soil contamination by heavy metals (HM), caused by natural processes or human activity, is one of the most serious environmental problems due to their persistence and high toxicity potential. In HM contaminated environments, plants may present a series of physiological and nutritional disorders. However, some plant species are tolerant to HM and this tolerance has been selected during evolution. The mechanisms involved in plant tolerance to HM excess are diverse and varied. The association with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can reduce the negative effects of stress induced by high concentrations of metals to the host plant. Considering the existence of tolerant plants, phytoremediation appears as na efficient strategy for the rehabilitation of areas contaminated with HM, especially using tree species, since these species immobilize absorbed metals for greater time periods in their tissues. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the tolerance, accumulation and distribution of Pb and Zn in three species of leguminous trees, and further, to evaluate the influence of these metals in mycorrhizal colonization and nitrogen fixation and evaluate the phytoremediator potential of each of the studied species. For this purpose, two experiments were conducted, one with Pb and another with Zn, with a completely randomized experimental design in a factorial 3 x 4 scheme. The treatments consisted of three species of tree legumes Mimosa caesalpiniaefolia (sansão-do-campo), Erythrina speciosa (eritrinacandelabro) and Schizolobium parahyba (guapuruvu) and four concentrations of metal, 0, 250, 500 and 1000 mg.dm-3 Pb and 0, 200, 400 and 600 mg.dm-3 Zn added to soil in the form of lead acetate and zinc sulfate. Approximately 180 days after sowing, the seedlings were collected. We determined the height and total leaf area, the dry matter (DM) of shoots and roots, nodule number and nodule DM of nodulating species. In species that do not nodulate, S. parahyba, measurements were made of the tap root and root volume. Determinations were made of the levels of Pb and Zn as well as essential nutrients and the rate of translocation (IT) was calculated. The content of photosynthetic pigments was determined as well as photosynthesis, nitrogenase activity, amino acids, nitrate, ammonia and lipid peroxidation (MDA) and the rate of colonization was estimated. The data were subjected to analysis of variance, regression analysis and the Tukey test (5% significance). It was found that the higher concentrations of Zn added to soil affected the development of seedlings of the tree species studied more significantly than those of Pb. All species had higher Zn and Pb concentrations in their root, indicating this organ acts as a barrier for metal translocation to the shoots in these plants, considered a phytostabilization mechanism. The fact that these species are fast growing, easily propagated and have a extensive root system that can absorb and concentrate Pb and Zn, suggests that they have potential for use in phytoremediation of contaminated soils. / Mestrado / Biologia Vegetal / Mestre em Biologia Vegetal