The implementation of a new IT system in an organization provides many opportunities but as well as serious challenges.  Opportunities may arise in the form of increased control and efficiency in the organization, while a common challenge may be that the organization does not perceive value in the investment because management has failed to integrate IT with the rest of the organization. It is only when the organization manages the organizational factors during and after IT implementation that the benefits may be realized. This thesis examines organizational factors involved during the implementation of IT systems and identifies critical factors that are plausibly responsible for the success of the implementation. The design of the study was a comparative case approach that simultaneously examined two IT system implementations (named Heroma and Agresso) in the same organization, one of them being perceived to be more successful than the other.  In the theoretical framework, discussion addressed the issue of how to measure a successful implementation. Based on the literature  review  and  the empirical  data,  the  author  was  able  to  identify  the  critical organizational factors that were most responsible for the level of success of each IT implementation. The   results   showed   that   the   Heroma   implementation   lacked   in managing critical organizational factors, leading to a less satisfactory outcome. For example, the exclusion of employees  from  the  implementation  process  and  the  lack  of competency  of  the  project manager  made the Heroma  implementation  more troublesome  then the Agresso implementation.

Nowadays, the industrial standard for infrared imaging systems is to interconnect an infrared photodetector array with a silicon-based read-out-integrated circuit pixel by pixel through existing indium bumping technology for infrared scene detection and then the signal is output optically through a LCD or other imaging devices. Motivated by the high-cost and low-resolution of such configurations, technology that up-converts infrared light to visible light and in particular, an inorganic/organic hybrid imaging upconverter has been developed. The end goal was to provide a high-efficiency and high-resolution alternative for infrared imaging. The inorganic/organic hybrid architecture takes advantage of both the high quantum efficiency of photo-detection for inorganic semiconductors, and the low-cost processing and the topologically perfect structure of organic semiconductors that does not require lattice matching for materials. Based on previous single-element hybrid infrared upconverter designs, both pixel-less and pixel-lated hybrid infrared imaging devices are presented, with experimental results, in this thesis. The pixel-less hybrid infrared imaging upconverter suppresses the lateral carrier diffusion by using a hybrid Schottky junction with an intrinsic interconnection layer between the inorganic and organic parts. The device was fabricated in one large-area mesa and proved that the emitting light spatially correlated with the infrared imaging shone at its back. This device is the first-ever hybrid pixel-less infrared upconverter to successfully demonstrate the imaging of infrared patterns. In contrast, the pixel-lated device consisted of 128 by 128 pixels, and each pixel was an individually working infrared upconverter that integrated a heterojunction phototransistor (HPT) and an organic light emitting diode (OLED). The HPT provides not only the photoresponse upon incoming infrared light but also an amplification of the photocurrent. The pixel-lated device also successfully demonstrated the first-ever upconversion of infrared light, up-converting a light with a wavelength of 1.5 μm to 520 nm.

Nowadays, the industrial standard for infrared imaging systems is to interconnect an infrared photodetector array with a silicon-based read-out-integrated circuit pixel by pixel through existing indium bumping technology for infrared scene detection and then the signal is output optically through a LCD or other imaging devices. Motivated by the high-cost and low-resolution of such configurations, technology that up-converts infrared light to visible light and in particular, an inorganic/organic hybrid imaging upconverter has been developed. The end goal was to provide a high-efficiency and high-resolution alternative for infrared imaging. The inorganic/organic hybrid architecture takes advantage of both the high quantum efficiency of photo-detection for inorganic semiconductors, and the low-cost processing and the topologically perfect structure of organic semiconductors that does not require lattice matching for materials. Based on previous single-element hybrid infrared upconverter designs, both pixel-less and pixel-lated hybrid infrared imaging devices are presented, with experimental results, in this thesis. The pixel-less hybrid infrared imaging upconverter suppresses the lateral carrier diffusion by using a hybrid Schottky junction with an intrinsic interconnection layer between the inorganic and organic parts. The device was fabricated in one large-area mesa and proved that the emitting light spatially correlated with the infrared imaging shone at its back. This device is the first-ever hybrid pixel-less infrared upconverter to successfully demonstrate the imaging of infrared patterns. In contrast, the pixel-lated device consisted of 128 by 128 pixels, and each pixel was an individually working infrared upconverter that integrated a heterojunction phototransistor (HPT) and an organic light emitting diode (OLED). The HPT provides not only the photoresponse upon incoming infrared light but also an amplification of the photocurrent. The pixel-lated device also successfully demonstrated the first-ever upconversion of infrared light, up-converting a light with a wavelength of 1.5 μm to 520 nm.

[Abstract]: Over the last few decades microfinance has become an integral part of the economic development of the less developed countries with regional governments, themultilateral donor agencies such as the World Bank and the Asian Development Bank and other donor organisations investing in the industry to build its capacity andwiden the outreach. Further, the World Bank has highlighted the need to help the poor achieve self-sustainability as much more than just a social issue. In fact, in their view, the long-term financial growth of the Developed countries will be largely determined by the expansion of the Third World as their future client base. Those who are interested in economic development in the less developed countries strongly believe that microfinance will be an effective tool of alleviation of poverty and developing prosperity for the poor. For this reason microfinance is considered as one of the effective way of achieving Millennium Development Goals (MDGs).Central to the success of microfinance is the distribution of capital from the wealthy to the poor in a manner which encourages accountability and responsibility from therecipient, while at the same time allowing donors to see appropriate stewardship of their funds. This is measured through the achievement of financial independence ofthe group being studied. The role of implementing agencies in facilitating this efficient and accountable transfer of capital is seen to be crucial to the ongoing development of microfinance. The interrelation between donors and these agencies requires a high degree of trust and mutual accountability, in many cases built up through years of hard work and experimentation.The policy framework and legislative environment for microfinance is still evolving. For instance some countries are still developing the regulatory environment to monitor the transparency of the industry. Furthermore, there are some growing concerns on the level of efficiency of the delivery of microfinance in making an impact on projects or at least making an impact on alleviation of poverty. In order to contribute to the latter, this study investigates a major microfinance operation in thePhilippines to examine whether it is consistent with the wider international practices, particularly in achieving the MDGs.The study uses a survey tool developed by the donor agency to monitor the quantitative and qualitative aspect of the microfinance operation and benchmark them against similar operations within the Asian region. The results show that, in the majority of cases, the Philippines operation has outperformed their counterparts. However, there is considerable room for improvement to maintain the sustainability of the operation.These experiences of successes and failures need to be recorded and delineated to build on existing achievements and support an environment geared towards substantial growth in the funding of microfinance in the future. It is the intention of this study to highlight these experiences and draw attention to the very real achievements currently being experienced through some effective microfinanceprojects.

Crianças pequenas representam um grupo desafiador no transplante renal. O estudo analisa os resultados, do ponto de vista cirúrgico, do transplante renal em crianças com peso inferior a 15 kg utilizando o acesso cirúrgico extraperitoneal. Métodos: Foram revisados retrospectivamente os prontuários de 62 crianças com peso inferior a 15 kg submetidas a transplante renal entre 1998 e 2010, utilizando o acesso extraperitoneal e anastomose dos vasos renais dos doadores com a aorta ou artéria ilíaca comum e com a veia cava inferior ou ilíaca comum dos receptores. O ureter foi anastomosado à bexiga pela técnica extravesical de Lich- Grégoir. Resultados: Dos 62 transplantes, 32 enxertos (51,6%) eram provenientes de doadores vivos e 30 (48,4%) de doadores falecidos, sendo 28 deles pediátricos. A média de idade no transplante foi de 3,7 ± 2,2 anos (1 a 12), e o peso médio, de 12,3 ± 2,1 kg (5,6 a 14,9), sendo que 10 tinham peso inferior a 10 kg. Em 10 crianças (16,1%) o transplante foi preemptivo e em 5 (8,1%) havia trombose do sistema venoso prévio ao transplante. Em 1 e 5 anos, a sobrevida do paciente foi de 93,2% e 84,2% e a sobrevida do enxerto de 85,2% e 72,7%, respectivamente, sem diferença entre doadores vivos e falecidos. A função do enxerto com doador vivo foi melhor em 1 e 3 meses, mas a partir do 6o mês foi similar. Houve 6 complicações vasculares, sendo 4 tromboses vasculares, 1 laceração e 1 estenose de artéria renal e 2 coleções líquidas. Houve 17 perdas de enxerto, 6 por morte, sendo 5 com enxerto funcionante, 5 por complicações cirúrgicas, 3 por rejeição crônica e 3 por recorrência da doença de base. Conclusão: O acesso extraperitoneal é uma técnica válida no transplante renal de crianças com peso inferior a 15 kg, assegurando boa sobrevida do paciente e do enxerto e aceitável taxa de complicações, independentemente do tipo de doador, se vivo ou falecido, ou do tamanho do enxerto, se de adulto ou de criança. / Small children are a challenging group for kidney transplantation. This study analyzes the results of kidney transplantation in children weighing less than 15 kg using the extraperitoneal surgical access. Methods: A retrospective review of the records of 62 children weighting less than 15 kg was done. The kidney transplantation were performed between 1998 and 2010 using the extraperitoneal access and anastomosis of the renal vessels of donors to the aorta or common iliac artery and to the inferior vena cava or common iliac vein of the recipients. The ureter was anastomosed to the bladder using the Lich-Grégoir extravesical technique. Results: Thirty-two (51.6%) grafts of the 62 transplants were from living donors and 30 (48.4%) from deceased donors, 28 of them pediatric. The mean age at transplantion was 3.7 ± 2.2 years (1 to 12), and the mean weight, 12.3 ± 2.1 kg (5.6 to 14.9), and 10 of them weighed less than 10 kg. In 10 children (16.1%) the transplant was preemptive. Five 5 (8.1%) children presented previous thrombosis of the venous system. At 1 and 5 years, patient survival was 93.2% and 84.2% and graft survival was 85.2% and 72.7%, respectively, and there was no difference between living and deceased donors. The graft function of the living donor was better at 1 and 3 months, but was similar from the 6th month onward. There were 6 vascular complications (4 of them vascular thromboses, 1 laceration and 1 renal artery stenosis) and 2 perirenal collections. Seventeen grafts were lost, 6 due to death, 5 with a functioning graft, 5 due to surgical complications, 3 due to chronic rejection and 3 due to recurrence of the original disease. Conclusion: The extraperitoneal access is a valid kidney transplantantion technique in children weighing less than 15 kg, ensuring good patient and graft survival, and an acceptable rate of complications, independent of source of donor, living or deceased, or size of graft, whether from an adult or from a child.

Submitted by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2015-02-27T13:30:34Z No. of bitstreams: 5 32.pdf: 421716 bytes, checksum: f1dbd1cd2f5a9514dcb522400e36103c (MD5) license_url: 49 bytes, checksum: fd26723f8d7edacdb29e3f03465c3b03 (MD5) license_text: 20904 bytes, checksum: e09bf99e64678e4285abf3ef3e05412d (MD5) license_rdf: 22564 bytes, checksum: ff373f1ad387898ef8ba4f8bc9e37073 (MD5) license.txt: 2109 bytes, checksum: aa477231e840f304454a16eb85a9235f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2015-02-27T18:28:44Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 5 32.pdf: 421716 bytes, checksum: f1dbd1cd2f5a9514dcb522400e36103c (MD5) license_url: 49 bytes, checksum: fd26723f8d7edacdb29e3f03465c3b03 (MD5) license_text: 20904 bytes, checksum: e09bf99e64678e4285abf3ef3e05412d (MD5) license_rdf: 22564 bytes, checksum: ff373f1ad387898ef8ba4f8bc9e37073 (MD5) license.txt: 2109 bytes, checksum: aa477231e840f304454a16eb85a9235f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-02-27T18:28:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 5 32.pdf: 421716 bytes, checksum: f1dbd1cd2f5a9514dcb522400e36103c (MD5) license_url: 49 bytes, checksum: fd26723f8d7edacdb29e3f03465c3b03 (MD5) license_text: 20904 bytes, checksum: e09bf99e64678e4285abf3ef3e05412d (MD5) license_rdf: 22564 bytes, checksum: ff373f1ad387898ef8ba4f8bc9e37073 (MD5) license.txt: 2109 bytes, checksum: aa477231e840f304454a16eb85a9235f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / O assa-peixe (Vernonia polyanthes Less.) esp?cie pertencente ? fam?lia Asteraceae, possui propriedades medicinais e tem potencial ap?cola. Apesar de seu intenso uso popular, s?o escassas as informa??es sobre os fatores que condicionam a germina??o e o armazenamento de suas sementes. Dessa forma, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar a qualidade fisiol?gica de sementes de assa-peixe em rela??o ao efeito dos fatores temperatura/luz, em diferentes tipos de c?maras, e a influ?ncia dos diferentes tipos de ambientes/embalagens, durante o per?odo de armazenamento. A pesquisa foi dividida em duas partes. A primeira parte consistiu em avaliar o efeito dos fatores temperatura e luz sobre o comportamento fisiol?gico das sementes de assa-peixe, atrav?s dos testes de vigor (teste de primeira contagem da germina??o e ?ndice de velocidade de germina??o) e germina??o, em diferentes tipos de c?maras, sob temperaturas constantes (Mangelsdorff e B.O.D.) e alternadas (B.O.D.), na presen?a e aus?ncia de luz. Os tratamentos foram dispostos em arranjo fatorial, com delineamento inteiramente casualizado e os dados foram submetidos ? an?lise de vari?ncia, com as m?dias comparadas entre si pelo teste de Tukey a 5% de probabilidade. Pelos resultados constatou-se que esta esp?cie comportou-se como ?fotobl?stica preferencial?, pelo fato da germina??o, ter ocorrido na presen?a e na aus?ncia de luz, por?m, esta foi favorecida em presen?a de luz. As maiores porcentagens de germina??o de sementes de assa-peixe foram obtidas a 25?C, independente do tipo de c?mara utilizada (Mangelsdorff ou B.O.D.), e na faixa de temperatura alternada 15-25?C (em B.O.D.), na presen?a de luz. As sementes de assa-peixe n?o germinaram sob temperatura de 40?C. A segunda parte da pesquisa consistiu em avaliar a influ?ncia dos diferentes tipos de ambientes e embalagens e do tempo de armazenamento sobre a qualidade fisiol?gica das sementes. Foram testados tr?s per?odos de armazenamento (0, 136 e 230 dias), sobre duas condi??es, em geladeira (5 ? 2?C) e ambiente de laborat?rio (22 ? 2?C), e tr?s tipos de embalagens (vidro, pl?stica e multifoliada). Determinou-se a porcentagem da umidade, vigor (teste de primeira contagem da germina??o e ?ndice de velocidade de germina??o) e germina??o. Os tratamentos foram dispostos em arranjo fatorial, com delineamento inteiramente casualizado e os dados foram submetidos ? an?lise de vari?ncia, com as m?dias comparadas entre si pelo teste Tukey a 5% de probabilidade. Foi verificado que o armazenamento das sementes de assa-peixe, em geladeira, proporcionou maiores valores para vigor e germina??o, com a embalagem de vidro apresentando melhor desempenho, comparados aos obtidos em ambiente de laborat?rio, independente da embalagem utilizada. O vigor e a germina??o das sementes de assa-peixe decrescem em fun??o do tempo, durante os 230 dias de armazenamento. / Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Produ??o Vegetal, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2008. / ABSTRACT The Vernonia polyanthes Less. is species belonging to the family Asteraceae has medicinal properties and have the potential apiculture. Despite their intense use popular, there are few information about the factors that affect the germination and storing their seeds. Thus, the objective of this study was the physiological quality of seeds of Vernonia polyanthes Less. in relation to the effect of factors temperature/light, in different types of chambers, and the influence of different types of environments/packaging, during the period of storage. The survey was divided into two parts. The first part of the research was to evaluate the effect of the factors temperature and light on the behavior physiological seeds of V. polyanthes Less., through testing of vigor (test first count of germination and germination speed index) and germination, using different types of chambers, under constant temperatures (Mangelsdorff and B.O.D.) and alternate temperatures (B.O.D.), in the presence and absence of light. The experimental design was completely randomized, in factorial scheme and the averages compared were by Tukey test at 5%. The species, behaved itself as "preferential fotobl?stica" because of germination, have occurred in the presence and absence of light, but this was better in the presence of light. The higher germination percentages the seeds of V. polyanthes Less. were obtained at 25?C, regardless of the type of chamber used (Mangelsdorff and B.O.D.), and on diary alternating temperatures 15-25?C (in B.O.D.), in the presence of light. The temperature of 40?C was not germination of seeds of V. polyanthes Less.. The second part of the research was to evaluate the influence of different types of environments and packaging and time of storage of seeds of V. polyanthes on the physiological quality seeds. It was tested three periods of storage (0, 136 and 230 days), on two conditions, in refrigerator (5? 2 C) and laboratory environment (22 ? 2 C), and three types of packaging (glass, plastic and multilayer). It was determined the percentage moisture, vigor (test first count of germination and germination speed index) and germination. The experimental design was completely randomized, in factorial scheme and the averages compared were by Tukey test at 5%. It was found that the storage of seeds of V. polyanthes Less. in refrigerator had better values for vigor and germination, with a pack of glass showing better performance, that when stored in laboratory conditions, regardless of the type of packaging used. The vigor and germination the seeds decreased after 230 days of storage.

L'objectif scientifique de la thèse est de contribuer à améliorer la compréhension des mécanismes lésionnels découlant de l’impact non pénétrant d’un projectile en région thoracique latérale. Concrètement, l’application concerne l’amélioration de l’évaluation du potentiel lésionnel et l’optimisation de projectiles dits « à létalité réduite ». Cette étude a été menée dans le cadre du projet PARCHOC, associant la Délégation Générale pour l’Armement-Techniques Terrestres, le laboratoire PRISME de l’université d’Orléans, les sociétés Nexter munitions, ITC élastomère et ATCOM télémétrie. Il s’agit notamment de mettre en évidence les paramètres des projectiles qui doivent être maîtrisés pour limiter le risque lésionnel. Nous avons d’abord réalisé une étude pour caractériser des projectiles d'essais constitués d'un culot rigide et d'une ogive en mousse d'élastomère. Les propriétés dynamiques des élastomères ont été caractérisées par le système des barres de Hopkinson. Ce travail a permis la mise au point d'un modèle numérique de comportement des élastomères. Des essais ainsi que des simulations d’impacts sur cibles rigides ont ensuite été réalisés afin d'étudier l'influence du couple masse-vitesse et des caractéristiques mécaniques des élastomères sur le chargement généré. Dans la seconde partie de l'étude, des essais sur cibles biologiques instrumentées ont été menés à l’aide des projectiles d'études précédemment caractérisés. Les résultats expérimentaux et numériques montrent que la dangerosité des projectiles est liée à l’action qu’ils exercent sur la structure osseuse thoracique après sa fragilisation et que le mécanisme lésionnel est fortement dépendant de l’impulsion transmise par le projectile lors de l’impact. / The scientific objective of the thesis was to make a contribution in the understanding of the injury mechanisms following the blunt impact of a projectile on the lateral thoracic region. Practically, the application concerns safety certification and optimization of less-lethal projectile. This research was supported by the project PARCHOC partners: the Délégation Générale pour l’Armement-techniques terrestres, the PRISME laboratory (Orléans university),the companies Nexter munitions, ITC élastomère and ATCOM télémétrie. In particular, we have sought the principal projectile parameters which must be controlled to limit injury risk. Firstly, we have performed a study based on specialized test projectiles, made with a rear rigid part and soft foam (elastomeric) nose. The foams’ chemical formulations were made so that the dynamical properties (measured with the Hopkinson bar apparatus) were those expected. Experiments and simulations of the impacts on rigid wall target have been made to investigate how the mass-velocity couple and the foam material properties influence the impact force. Secondly, an experimental campaign was made using pig anatomical parts and the projectiles previously studied. Experimental and numerical results obtained during the thesis demonstrate that the dangerous nature of the projectiles used is essentially linked to the action on the thoracic bone structure after it has been weakened by the impact. Furthermore, injuries are strongly dependent upon the impulse transmitted during the impact.

No description available.

Crianças pequenas representam um grupo desafiador no transplante renal. O estudo analisa os resultados, do ponto de vista cirúrgico, do transplante renal em crianças com peso inferior a 15 kg utilizando o acesso cirúrgico extraperitoneal. Métodos: Foram revisados retrospectivamente os prontuários de 62 crianças com peso inferior a 15 kg submetidas a transplante renal entre 1998 e 2010, utilizando o acesso extraperitoneal e anastomose dos vasos renais dos doadores com a aorta ou artéria ilíaca comum e com a veia cava inferior ou ilíaca comum dos receptores. O ureter foi anastomosado à bexiga pela técnica extravesical de Lich- Grégoir. Resultados: Dos 62 transplantes, 32 enxertos (51,6%) eram provenientes de doadores vivos e 30 (48,4%) de doadores falecidos, sendo 28 deles pediátricos. A média de idade no transplante foi de 3,7 ± 2,2 anos (1 a 12), e o peso médio, de 12,3 ± 2,1 kg (5,6 a 14,9), sendo que 10 tinham peso inferior a 10 kg. Em 10 crianças (16,1%) o transplante foi preemptivo e em 5 (8,1%) havia trombose do sistema venoso prévio ao transplante. Em 1 e 5 anos, a sobrevida do paciente foi de 93,2% e 84,2% e a sobrevida do enxerto de 85,2% e 72,7%, respectivamente, sem diferença entre doadores vivos e falecidos. A função do enxerto com doador vivo foi melhor em 1 e 3 meses, mas a partir do 6o mês foi similar. Houve 6 complicações vasculares, sendo 4 tromboses vasculares, 1 laceração e 1 estenose de artéria renal e 2 coleções líquidas. Houve 17 perdas de enxerto, 6 por morte, sendo 5 com enxerto funcionante, 5 por complicações cirúrgicas, 3 por rejeição crônica e 3 por recorrência da doença de base. Conclusão: O acesso extraperitoneal é uma técnica válida no transplante renal de crianças com peso inferior a 15 kg, assegurando boa sobrevida do paciente e do enxerto e aceitável taxa de complicações, independentemente do tipo de doador, se vivo ou falecido, ou do tamanho do enxerto, se de adulto ou de criança. / Small children are a challenging group for kidney transplantation. This study analyzes the results of kidney transplantation in children weighing less than 15 kg using the extraperitoneal surgical access. Methods: A retrospective review of the records of 62 children weighting less than 15 kg was done. The kidney transplantation were performed between 1998 and 2010 using the extraperitoneal access and anastomosis of the renal vessels of donors to the aorta or common iliac artery and to the inferior vena cava or common iliac vein of the recipients. The ureter was anastomosed to the bladder using the Lich-Grégoir extravesical technique. Results: Thirty-two (51.6%) grafts of the 62 transplants were from living donors and 30 (48.4%) from deceased donors, 28 of them pediatric. The mean age at transplantion was 3.7 ± 2.2 years (1 to 12), and the mean weight, 12.3 ± 2.1 kg (5.6 to 14.9), and 10 of them weighed less than 10 kg. In 10 children (16.1%) the transplant was preemptive. Five 5 (8.1%) children presented previous thrombosis of the venous system. At 1 and 5 years, patient survival was 93.2% and 84.2% and graft survival was 85.2% and 72.7%, respectively, and there was no difference between living and deceased donors. The graft function of the living donor was better at 1 and 3 months, but was similar from the 6th month onward. There were 6 vascular complications (4 of them vascular thromboses, 1 laceration and 1 renal artery stenosis) and 2 perirenal collections. Seventeen grafts were lost, 6 due to death, 5 with a functioning graft, 5 due to surgical complications, 3 due to chronic rejection and 3 due to recurrence of the original disease. Conclusion: The extraperitoneal access is a valid kidney transplantantion technique in children weighing less than 15 kg, ensuring good patient and graft survival, and an acceptable rate of complications, independent of source of donor, living or deceased, or size of graft, whether from an adult or from a child.

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia de Alimentos. / Made available in DSpace on 2012-10-21T20:36:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 207494.pdf: 3181644 bytes, checksum: a9365798f97d347ac0e581d8579b8aa6 (MD5) / Plantas têm sido tradicionalmente utilizadas por populações de todos os continentes no controle de diversas doenças e pragas. O mercado atual de fitofármacos e fitoterápicos é da ordem de US$ 9 a 11 bilhões/ano, sendo que mais de 13.000 plantas são mundialmente usadas como fármacos ou fonte de fármacos. A extração supercrítica é uma alternativa atraente para obtenção de extratos de plantas e vegetais de alta qualidade. Dentre as inúmeras espécies não completamente investigadas sob o aspecto fitoterápico, citamos a carqueja (Baccharis trimera Less). Esta planta apresenta utilidades fitoterápicas. É considerada tônica, estomacal, útil em doenças do fígado, enfermidades da bexiga, entre outras. O presente teve como objetivos, o estudo do rendimento global de extrato (X0) do sistema extrato de carqueja + CO2 nas condições de operação de 3o e 40 ºC, com pressão variando de 100 a 300 bar, densidade de CO2 variando de 0,629 a 0,949 g/cm3, vazão de 3,33 g/min e tempo total de extração de 6 horas. O rendimento global de extrato (0,897% g/g) foi obtido a 40ºC e 250 bar. A influência da técnica de extração (supercrítica e convencional) foi avaliada em termos de rendimento e composição do óleo, constatou-se que tanto o rendimento quanto à composição variam de acordo com a técnica de extração utilizada, foram identificados 14 compostos presentes tanto no extrato obtido através da ESC como o obtido através da extração convencional, único composto presente nos diferentes extratos foi o ácido palmítico. Para descrição da cinética de extração do sistema óleo de carqueja + CO2 foi empregado o modelo de SOVOVÁ (1994) em função do X0 empregado na descrição do sistema, I) (X0)exp determinado em função da temperatura e pressão; ii) (X0)máx =0,879 maior valor de rendimento de extrato entre todas as condições de processo estudadas; iii) (X0)est determinado a partir da curva de extração que foi modelada. Os resultados mostraram que o modelo descrito por SOVOVÁ (1994) ajustou bem os dados experimentais na etapa CER para todas as condições de extração estudadas e para condição de 40 ºC, 300 bar e 8,33 g/min apresentou um ajuste satisfatório também na etapa FER, portanto este modelo de transferência de massa foi adequado para descrição do sistema óleo de carqueja/CO2