CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / O presente estudo originou-se a partir da constatação de que os dicionários escolares ainda não estão sendo bem aproveitados nas escolas pelos professores de Língua Portuguesa, o que leva os alunos a não saberem utilizar efetivamente esse material. Por isso, neste trabalho, investigamos a relevância do ensino do uso do dicionário escolar, bem como sua proposta lexicográfica, considerando que há uma estreita relação entre as dificuldades em desenvolver as atividades propostas em sala de aula no livro didático, e o vocabulário dos alunos. Com a referida proposta de intervenção pedagógica, desenvolvida no Mestrado Profissional em Letras, na Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (PROFLETRAS - UFU), propusemos o uso de dois dicionários escolares como subsídios didáticos aos alunos de uma turma de 8° ano do Ensino Fundamental de uma escola da rede pública estadual de Catalão/ GO, para que, com a possibilidade de exploração do material, tenham uma reflexão linguística significativa a fim de desenvolver a competência lexical. Para tanto, foi desenvolvida uma pesquisa-ação, dado o seu caráter interventivo e interpretativo. Dessa forma, a revisão teórica se embasou na perspectiva de Biderman (2003), Barbosa (1996), Dias (2004), Farias (2007), Irandé (2012), Krieger (2012), Murakawa (1998), Dolz, Noverraz e Schneuwly (2004) e em documentos como os PCN (1998) e PNLD (2012), entre outros estudiosos. A proposta didática compreendeu: observação do conhecimento e uso dos dicionários escolares pelos alunos, conhecimento das propostas lexicográficas dos dicionários Aurélio Júnior (2011) e Caldas Aulete (2011), enviados pelo MEC e realização de módulos de atividades, a fim de propor aos alunos o uso eficiente dos dicionários escolares como ferramenta didática no dia a dia das práticas em sala de aula. O material produzido pelos alunos com base no uso dos dicionários escolares constituiu os dados para análise da efetividade do trabalho aplicado, evidenciando que a proposta didática de trabalho com o dicionário escolar configurou-se como um instrumento pedagógico indispensável. Diante do exposto, concluímos que o ensino do léxico possibilitado pelo uso do dicionário escolar é viável e deve ser uma constante na escola. / The present study was originated from the fact that the school dictionaries are not yet being exploited by the Portuguese language teachers, that lead the students to not knowing how to use this material effectively. For this reason, in this study, the relevance of teaching how to use a school dictionary is investigated, as well as its lexicographical proposal, considering that there is a straight relation among the difficulties in developing activities proposed in class, in didactic books, and in the students' vocabulary. With the quoted pedagogical intervention proposal, developed in the Masters Professional in Language, at Uberlândia Federal University (PROFLETRAS - UFU), the proposal of use of two school dictionaries as didactics aids to the students of an 8th grade class of fundamental school at a state public school in Catalão/GO is intended, so that, with the material exploration possibility, they have a significant linguistic reflection so to develop lexical competition. For this matter, an actionresearch was developed, due to its interventional and interpretative character. In this way, the theoretical review is based on the perspectives of Biderman (2003), Barbosa (1996), Dias (2004), Farias (2007), Irandé (2012), Krieger (2012), Murakawa (1998), Dolz, Noverraz e Schneuwly (2004) among other scholars, and in documents such as the PCN (1998) and PNLD (2012). The Didactic Sequence comprised: knowledge observation and school dictionaries usage by the students; knowledge of the lexicographical proposal of the Aurélio Júnior (2011) and Caldas Aulete (2011) dictionaries, given by MEC; and fulfillment of activity modules, to propose to the students the efficient use of the school dictionaries as an every day didactic tool for the in-class practices. The material produced by the students based on the use of school dictionaries constitute the data for analysis of the effectiveness of the applied study, evidencing that the Didactic Sequence of the work with school dictionaries was configured as an indispensable pedagogical instrument. On the above, it is concluded that the lexicon teaching enabled by the use of school dictionaries is viable and must be a constant at school. / Dissertação (Mestrado)

Title: Comparative aspects of Latvian and Czech lexicons: Materials for assembling a Latvian-Czech dictionary Autor: Mgr. Michal Škrabal Department: Institute of the Czech National Corpus Supervisor: prof. PhDr. František Čermák, DrSc. The primary aim of this work is to classify the Latvian lexicon, or better its relevant segment, into individual groups, definable semantically, grammatically, syntagmatically, pragmatically, and so on, and to attempt to find for these classifications an ideal method of lexicographical adaptation and apply it to an emerging Latvian-Czech dictionary (the very first manual of its type). To this end, modern instruments were utilized which, in the recent past, have radically altered the methodology of lexicographical work: on the one hand, the linguistic corpora, which nowadays represent authentic, linguistic usage and, on the other hand, the specialized lexicographic software TshwaneLex, in which a lexical database of Latvian is constructed and from which the dictionary itself will be subsequently constructed. Because of the limited size of the Latvian corpus it was not possible to completely eliminate traditional sources, and the author of the work was forced to consolidate traditional and modern lexicographical methods. His primary source however remained the corpus...

Национальный менталитет выражается в языке, в частности, через ключевые слова, одно из которых надежда. Данные толковых словарей русского и китайского языков позволяют представить лексикографическое описание лексемы надежда, сравнить их значения в разных языках. Проведенный психолингвистический эксперимент среди русских и китайских респондентов позволил выявить лексические значения, существующие в реальном употреблении. Если для русских респондентов надежда – это ожидание, мечта и женское имя, то для китайских респондентов надежда – это успех, мотивация. / National mentality is expressed in language, in particular, through keywords, one of which is hope. The data of the explanatory dictionaries of the Russian and Chinese languages allow us to present a lexicographical description of the lexeme hope, to compare their meanings in different languages. A psycholinguistic experiment conducted among Russian and Chinese respondents revealed lexical meanings that exist in actual use. If for Russian respondents hope is an expectation, a dream and a female name, then for Chinese respondents hope is a success, motivation.

Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2012. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The number of Chinese-learners in South Africa has increased rapidly in recent years, but the quality of the dictionaries that are available for their use has not improved much. The more students study Chinese, the more it becomes necessary to create suitable dictionaries to facilitate their studies. In the hope of meeting this need, this study selects two written dictionaries commonly used by students at Stellenbosch University in South Africa, namely the Oxford Beginner's Chinese Dictionary and the Concise English-Chinese Chinese-English Dictionary, to analyze, comment on and compare in terms of structure and equivalence. Using the results of this analysis, this study offers suggestions for improving the quality of future Mandarin learner’s dictionaries. This study takes into consideration the situation faced by students when learning Chinese abroad, especially in South Africa, the development of pedagogical lexicography in Chinese-learner’s dictionaries in China and abroad, the relationship between online dictionaries and written dictionaries, and some special characteristics of the Chinese language, all of which factors greatly influence the making of a dictionary. Theoretically and methodically, this study is based on Function Theory as presented by Sven Tarp. According to Function Theory, before writing a dictionary, lexicographers must analyze specific types of users in specific types of situations. This study attempts to follow Tarp’s suggestion by analyzing a small group of dictionary users with the help of a survey conducted by the author in an attempt to get a general idea of how Mandarin learners at Stellenbosch University use dictionaries. The main focus of this study is the frame structure, microstructure, macrostructure and dictionary equivalence in two dictionaries--Concise and Beginner’s. After carefully analyzing these aspects of the dictionaries, the author identifies the sections of these dictionaries which successfully present information in a way that will be most beneficial for their intended audiences. The study goes on to pinpoint less-successful sections of the two dictionaries and provides suggestions for improvement. In sum, this study focuses on using the principle of Function Theory to determine what features should be included in Mandarin learner’s dictionaries to make them more suitable for elementary and intermediate learners of Mandarin at Stellenbosch University, in South Africa, and, by extension, in other parts of the world. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die afgelope paar jaar het die aantal studente van Sjinees in Suid-Afrika aansienlik toegeneem, maar die standaard van beskikbare woordeboeke het nie veel verbeter nie. Hoe meer studente Sjinees bestudeer hoe noodsaakliker is dit om gepaste woordeboeke te ontwikkel om hulle in hulle studie te help. Om aan hierdie behoefte te voldoen, kies hierdie studie twee woordeboeke wat gereeld deur studente aan die Universiteit van Stellenbosch benut word, naamlik die Oxford Beginner’s Chinese Dictionary en die Concise English-Chinese Chinese-English Dictionary, om hulle te ontleed, kommentaar te lewer en hulle met mekaar in terme van struktuur en ekwivalensie te vergelyk. Met behulp van gevolgtrekkings uit hierdie ontleding word voorstelle gemaak oor hoe om die standaard van toekomstige woordeboeke te verbeter. Die studie neem die situasie in ag waarmee studente wat in die buiteland Sjinees studeer, veral in Suid Afrika, te doen kry, die ontwikkeling van pedagogiese leksikografie in woordeboeke in Sjina sowel as die buiteland, die verhouding tussen aanlynwoordeboeke en gedrukte woordeboeke en sekere spesiale eienskappe van die Sjinese taal - alles faktore wat die opstel van woordeboeke beïnvloed. Teoreties en metodologies is hierdie studie op die funksieteorie, soos aangebied deur Sven Tarp, gebaseer. Volgens die funksieteorie moet leksikograwe voor die opstel van 'n woordeboek spesifieke tipes gebruikers in spesifieke situasies analiseer. Hierdie studie poog om Tarp se voorstelle te volg deur 'n klein groep woordeboekgebruikers, met behulp van 'n ondersoek, uitgevoer deur die outeur, te analiseer om sodoende 'n algemene idee te formuleer van hoe Mandarynse studente aan die Universiteit van Stellenbosch woordeboeke benut. Die hooffokus van hierdie studie is die raamwerk, mikrostruktuur, makrostruktuur en ekwivalensie in die twee gekose woordeboeke – Concise en Beginner’s. Nadat hierdie aspekte van die woordeboeke noukeurig ontleed is, identifiseer die outeur die dele wat inligting op die voordeligste manier vir die bestemde gebruiker aanbied. Ook identifiseer hierdie studie die minder suksesvolle dele en stel moontlike verbeteringe voor. Samevattend fokus hierdie studie daarop om die beginsel van die funksieteorie te benut deur vas te stel watter eienskappe in woordeboeke ingesluit moet word om hulle meer geskik te maak vir elementêre en intermediêre Mandarynse studente aan die Universiteit van Stellenbosch in Suid-Afrika, sowel as in ander dele van die wêreld.