<p>The aim of this work is to analyse the current provisions on domestic regulation contained in the GATS, as well as to examine the negotiations on future disciplines currently being worked on by WTO members. In particular it aims to see what impact these rules will have on the licensing of telecoms services. In addition the study seeks to investigate whether, on a proper analysis and understanding of the legal texts on domestic regulation, the claims made by some civil society organisations and NGOs are valid.59<br /> &nbsp / </p>

Elitlicens infördes för klubbar i hockeyallsvenskan och elitserien i ishockey i början av 2000- talet. Elitlicensen ställer krav på idrottsklubbar, inte bara rent sportsligt utan även på det ekonomiska planet. Trots denna elitlicens uppmärksammas det fortfarande att ishockeylag åker ur hockeyallsvenskan på grund av ekonomiska problem. Dryga tio år efter införandet av elitlicensen ställer vi oss frågan om elitlicensen fungerar på ett tillfredsställande sätt. Syftet med vår studie är att söka svar på huruvida elitlicensen är effektiv som reglering, vi ställer oss frågan om elitlicensen är rätt sätt att reglera och om det därmed är rätt sätt på vilket man vill uppnå syftet med elitlicensen, att skapa stabilitet i serien. Med stabilitet i serien menar vi att klubbar inte får ekonomiska problem under säsongens gång och därmed blir tvungna att lämna pågående serie. Studien bygger på en kvalitativ analys där vi har genomfört intervjuer med representanter från svenska ishockeyklubbar i allsvenskan. Vår undersökning visar att elitlicensen, utifrån vår valda teoretiska referensram, till större del är en effektiv reglering. Studien visar att elitlicensen fungerar tillfredsställande på förebyggande plan men även att elitlicensnämndens roll är viktig för att elitlicensen som reglering skall vara effektiv.

This paper investigates how the size of a firm affects its licensing strategy for patented technologies through empirical analysis of the characteristics at the technological, firm, and industry levels. Only firms with commercialization capabilities are considered in this study in order to compare the incentives of utilizing technologies internally with the incentives of selling them for licensing revenue. Focusing on licensing motivated by non-strategic purposes, empirical analysis shows that large companies are less willing to license patents that fit into their business focus, as well as those which have a low technological value in general. On the other hand, small firms are more inclined to license patents which are more relevant to their business focus, but less innovative on average. This study also finds that market share and competition intensity are important factors in their licensing decisions: the more competitive and the smaller the market share of the patents owned by large firms, the higher the chance that firms will list them on the market. In line with the revenue versus competition framework by Arora and Fosfuri (2003), this paper concludes that large firms are generally more concerned about the rent dissipation effect over the revenue effect from licensing, while the opposite is true for smaller firms.

This paper investigates how the size of a firm affects its licensing strategy for patented technologies through empirical analysis of the characteristics at the technological, firm, and industry levels. Only firms with commercialization capabilities are considered in this study in order to compare the incentives of utilizing technologies internally with the incentives of selling them for licensing revenue. Focusing on licensing motivated by non-strategic purposes, empirical analysis shows that large companies are less willing to license patents that fit into their business focus, as well as those which have a low technological value in general. On the other hand, small firms are more inclined to license patents which are more relevant to their business focus, but less innovative on average. This study also finds that market share and competition intensity are important factors in their licensing decisions: the more competitive and the smaller the market share of the patents owned by large firms, the higher the chance that firms will list them on the market. In line with the revenue versus competition framework by Arora and Fosfuri (2003), this paper concludes that large firms are generally more concerned about the rent dissipation effect over the revenue effect from licensing, while the opposite is true for smaller firms.

With the rise of knowledge economy and global integration of patterns of development, in order to maintain a high degree of industrial competitiveness, legal and economical way to obtain the patent is the subject of the competing companies. Many colleges and universities in Taiwan and other academic and research institutions are highly value-added R&D capability, patented technology is conducive to good output, the patent also has its unique marketing strategy, so the study of academic institutions, the development of marketing strategy patent case for schools with special characteristics of the case study. The study design was a qualitative research method, through the marketing literature to understand the development trend of the patent, and so the selected patent marketing research framework to measure factors to construct and use the case study of technology licensing for academic institutions, sector depth interview senior managers , followed by interviews by the case of schools to summarize their marketing strategy patents, according to SWOT analysis and five forces analysis of the industry in which the threat environment and competition, together with a breakdown of the marketing strategies used by schools to analyze the combination of STP and Marketing 4P tools to analyze the marketing strategy of the patent cases, the direction the school, the study following recommendations are hereby summarized. 1. R & D should have a patent for the patent the patent strategy of integrated marketing: 2. Schools patent marketing agencies in the industry should increase self-positioning: 3. To enhance marketing decisions should be based on the pursuit of patent royalties to maximize the overall efficiency target: 4. Should be to cultivate a professional marketing personnel engaged in the business of the patent: 5. Patent research and development should strengthen the reverse-developed technologies to provide customized services: 6. Technology licensing authorities to strengthen the innovation and development model to improve the development effectiveness: Schools may, based on their expectations of the patent cases the nature of marketing, integration of academic and industrial research and development of energy required to expand the benefits, create a win-win situation. Also hope that the results of this study can be extended to related areas of research and planning more efficient use of its patented proprietary marketing strategy development and planning capacity, to provide a modicum of academic and industry contributions, in order to create greater effectiveness of patents.

The thesis is a case study of a open-source software company, Potix. It has developed an application named ZK that is a software platform for programmers to create Ajax programs. The case study includes the company history and the impact of open source communities on the company growth. The research findings will provide valuable ideas on operations and interactions between the open-source software company and the virtual communities. The applications developed by open source communities allow user to participate for developing or debugging. For those software companies to adopt open-source strategy to develop software, the overhead cost is low and the applications can be spread fast, widely and internationally. The companies need actively interact with open source community members who help to promote these communities and become contributors. They help to support the communities by writing tutorials and translating the operating manuals to different languages. Users may interact with other users in the online forums for communication, sharing or learning. Maintaining good relationships with the open source community members is important for the company to grow steadily. The virtual communities can help the diffusion of software applications so to increase sale revenues and profits.

<p>The current study assessed the relationship between licensing and self-control maintenance. Previous research on licensing has found mixed results for the effect of perceived progress on goal pursuit. Some studies find evidence that progress increases commitment and motivation to a goal, making licensing less likely, whereas other studies have found that progress leads to coasting and feelings of earned licensing. Previous work on managing food consumption has demonstrated that using a mental budget in tandem with a salient avoidance goal is an effective means of monitoring and limiting overindulgence. The current study used a mixed event-contingent and fixed-interval experience sampling design to examine the role of licensing in the eating domain and its effect on goal pursuit. Participants in the experimental condition were prompted with personalized commitment devices each day to assess if they promoted goal pursuit and appropriate licensing. We found that licensing occurs infrequently, but when it does occur, goal progress and goal commitment increase. The use of commitment device has little impact on licensing or goal pursuit.</p> / Dissertation

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<p>The aim of this work is to analyse the current provisions on domestic regulation contained in the GATS, as well as to examine the negotiations on future disciplines currently being worked on by WTO members. In particular it aims to see what impact these rules will have on the licensing of telecoms services. In addition the study seeks to investigate whether, on a proper analysis and understanding of the legal texts on domestic regulation, the claims made by some civil society organisations and NGOs are valid.59<br /> &nbsp / </p>