Since the enactment of the Bayh-Dole Act in 1980, US universities have been given a tacit mandate to manage their intellectual assets in a commercializable way. However, university technology transfer offices have struggled to facilitate innovators and promote economic development because of asymmetric information and processes. After an analysis of premier university technology transfer offices (TTO), an improved methodology, which increases productivity of technology transfer, has been developed. The proposed methodology addresses many of the low level issues facing the commercialization and licensing process. Embedding TTO members with research institutes or colleges, assisting in funding procurement and marketing of research to external firms using innovative media are methods that can minimize technology transfer inefficiency. It is the conclusion of this thesis that improved technology transfer helps promote the overall mission of a university, which is diffusing knowledge for the public benefit.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1990. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 298-313). / Microfiche. / xv, 313 leaves, bound ill. 29 cm

The community radio sector is an important cultural resource for the Australian community. It is experiencing rapid growth with an increase in the number of licensed radio stations, however, government funding has not proportionally increased and this is threatening the financial viability of many stations. The key issue addressed in this research is the need to find ways to enhance community radio's sources of funding without imperilling its status as a not-for-profit sector. This study argues that there is no inherent conflict between entrepreneurial principles and not-for-profit principles, and as long as all revenue is invested back into the station, then there should be no limit on income generation for community radio. Overseas community radio experience supports this argument.

Thesis (LL. M.)--University of Toronto, 2005.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, Los Angeles, 1993. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 299-309).

Thesis (DPhil.)--University of Oxford, 2009. / Supervisor: Professor Steve Rayner. Bibliography: p. 405-453.

Thesis (doctoral)--Université de Lausanne. / Includes bibliographical references (p. [347]-378) and index.

Η αδειοδότηση εξασφαλίζει τη χωροχρονική ρύθμιση της αντιγραφής του γενετικού υλικού. Στα ευκαρυωτικά κύτταρα, η πρωτεΐνη Cdt1 καθορίζει πότε θα λάβει χώρα η αδειοδότηση και η έκφρασή της είναι αυστηρώς ρυθμισμένη, διαμέσου πολλαπλών μονοπατιών. Διατάραξη της ισορροπίας της ρύθμισης της αντιγραφής οδηγεί σε γονιδιωματική αστάθεια, ανεξέλεγκτο πολλαπλασιασμό ή σε κυτταρικό θάνατο. Γονιδιωματική αστάθεια σε ένα οργανισμό επίσης προκαλείται από βλάβες στο γενετικό υλικό, είτε εξαιτίας περιβαλλοντικών παραγόντων, είτε εξαιτίας τυχαίων αλλαγών που συμβαίνουν κατά τη διάρκεια του μεταβολισμού του. Για την αντιμετώπιση των βλαβών έχουν εξελικτικά προκύψει επιδιορθωτικοί μηχανισμοί εξειδικευμένοι στην αντιμετώπιση κάθε τύπου βλάβης. Ο παράγοντας Cdt1 φαίνεται να διασυνδέει τα μονοπάτια της αδειοδότησης της αντιγραφής με αυτά της απόκρισης σε βλάβη στο DNA, γεγονός που τον καθιστά ενδιαφέροντα για περαιτέρω μελέτη. Στο πρώτο μέρος της μελέτης θα γίνει χαρακτηρισμός μια μεθόδου που προκαλεί ολική ή εντοπισμένη βλάβη στο γενετικό υλικό κυττάρων με χρήση υπεριώδους ακτινοβολίας. Με τη τεχνική αυτή θα μελετηθεί σε καρκινικές σειρές η πρωτεΐνη Cdt1 και η ταχύτητα πρωτεόλυσής της.Σε μικροσκόπιο φθορισμού θα μελετηθεί ο εντοπισμός και σε συνεστιακό μικροσκόπιο η κινητική της πρωτεΐνης αυτής, καθώς και η μεταλλαγμένη μορφή Cdt1 (Cdt1+4A), η οποία δεν αλληλεπιδρά με το πρωτεολυτικό μηχανισμό Cul4-DDB1Cdt2,. Η μελέτη της κινητικής γίνεται σε ζωντανά κύτταρα καρκινικών σειρών με σκοπό την κατανόηση της ιεράρχησης των γεγονότων που συμβαίνουν σε περιοχές στοχευμένης βλάβης από υπεριώδη ακτινοβολία στο γενετικό υλικό. Με την τεχνική επαναφοράς φθορισμού μετά από φωτολεύκανση (Fluoresent Recovery After Photobleaching) θα παρακολουθηθεί η επαναφορά του σήματος με σκοπό την ποσοτικοποίηση της δεσμευμένης πρωτεΐνης. Στο δεύτερο μέρος της μελέτης θα αναπτυχθούν μέθοδοι κανονικοποίησης και ανάλυσης 6 πειραματικών δεδομένων λειτουργικής μικροσκοπίας με εργαλεία το οποία αναπτύχθηκαν ειδικά για την ανάλυση πειραμάτων FRAP (easyFRAP). Επίσης αναλύεται η δημιουργία κατάλληλου λογισμικού και η βελτιστοποίηση τεχνικών παρατήρησης της επαναφοράς του φθορισμού μετά από μεγάλα χρονικά διαστήματα, της τάξεως των ωρών έναντι της κλασικής μεθόδου όπου η παρατήρηση διαρκεί κάποια δευτερόλεπτα. Τέλος ακολουθεί σύγκριση της εφαρμογής easyFRAP με την εφαρμογή FRAPcalc, η οποία χρησιμοποιείται επίσης για την κανονικοποίηση και οπτικοποίηση δεδομένων FRAP. / The process of licensing of DNA replication ensures that the cell cycle proceeds to timely regulated replication. In metazoa, Cdt1 is the factor that ensures the regulation of licensing. Cdt1 is tightly regulated through various biological pathways and it is functionally conserved through evolution. If the regulation of Cdt1 is disturbed, genomic instability, uncontrolled replication and apoptosis may occur. Genomic instability may also occur in an organism after DNA damage, either due to environmental factors, or due to random mutations. Evolution has provided cells with various DNA damage response mechanisms for all kinds of damages. The cell cycle regulatory protein Cdt1 has been postulated to link the cell cycle and the DNA damage responses, therefore Cdt1 is a very interesting protein for further studying. At the first part of our study we introduced a method for total or localized DNA damage in live cells with the use of ultraviolet radiation. With this technique we showed that on different cancer cell lines the protein Cdt1, accumulate fast in the sites of damage. With a fluorescent microscope we studied the localization and with a confocal microscope we investigated the kinetics of wild type Cdt1 linked with a green fluorescent protein tag, along with the study of a Cdt1 mutant (Cdt1+4A) again linked with a green fluorescent protein tag. Cdt1+4A has lost the ability to associate with the proteolytic mechanism of Cul4-Ddb1Cdt2. In live cells, in order to investigate the spatiotemporal regulation of DNA damage response we used Fluorescent Recovery after Photobleaching (FRAP) technique and we studied the protein kinetics and we quantified the percentage of the bound protein on the chromatin. At the second part of our study, we present the normalization method we used for our raw experimental data. For the purpose of this analysis, tools and softwares were developed for accurate normalization. We also aimed to optimize a technique for the observation of fluorescent recovery after photobleaching during long periods of time, in contrast with the typical short FRAP experiments. Finally, we describe a brief comparison between the FRAP analysis tool we developed(easyFRAP) and another software commercially available (FRAPcalc) for that purpose.

This scoping review examines the available evidence supporting accommodation use in the assessment of health professionals with disabilities in licensing contexts. While test accommodations are a protected right under antidiscrimination legislation, the peer-reviewed evidence informing their use is contested and widely dispersed. Furthermore, the ramifications of accommodation misuse are significant, including human rights violations and increased risks to patients. As such, this study addressed two research questions: 1) What is the current state of literature on accommodation use in the assessment of health professionals? and 2) What programs of research would address stakeholders’ concerns about the use of accommodations in the assessment of those professionals? Systematic searches of five prominent databases identified 15 articles for analysis. Several major themes emerged from that analysis: interpreting legislation, administration and process, relationships between education and licensure, and psychometrics and test development. Stakeholder consultation revealed that stakeholders face challenges managing accommodation requests and defining reasonable accommodations. While there is a paucity of literature on the topic overall, especially of an empirical nature, this study mapped the available evidence and laid the foundation for future studies by delineating the gaps in the scholarly literature as defined by stakeholders’ needs.

A detecção é um fator que afeta a magnitude estimada de fauna atropelada, informação relevante nos estudos e trabalhos de biologia da conservação. Em rodovias, a estimativa da detecção é afetada por diferentes elementos, como os tipos de pavimento; os atributos das carcaças; as particularidades dos diferentes observadores e o método utilizado para aferição. Nosso trabalho avalia essas questões, especifica o esforço amostral e corrige a estimativa de fauna atropelada em relação à detecção. Encontramos diferença na estimativa de detecção entre os diferentes pavimentos; entre as carcaças similares e contrastantes ao substrato; entre os diferentes observadores e verificamos que através do monitoramento a pé não se detecta a totalidade das carcaças. Esses resultados e a estimativa de fauna atropelada corrigida comprovam a importância da aferição da detecção antes e depois da pavimentação das rodovias, através de método experimental. Sendo que o experimento deve contemplar a implantação de diferentes carcaças e ser realizado pelas equipes que participaram dos monitoramentos de fauna. / Detection is a factor that affects the estimated magnitude of the roadkill and is relevant information in biological conservation studies. In roads, the detection estimation is affected by many factors, such as type of paving, the carcasses traits, the particularities of different observers and the method used for measurement. Our study evaluates these questions, specify the sample effort and correct the roadkill magnitude in relation to detection. We found differences in the estimation of detection between the different kinds of paving, between carcasses similar to the paving and between those contrasting to the substrate. We also found differences between different observers and thus monitoring by walking does not detect all carcasses. These results and the roadkill magnitude corrected demonstrate the importance of the standardization of the detection before and after the paving of roads, via experimental methods. However, the experiment should include the implementation of different substrates and should be carried out by the teams that have already participated in the monitoring of fauna.